UNIT 7-CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1.A. bridesmaid B. season C. sandwich D. proposal
2.A. complication B. custom C. community D. communicate
3.A. ritual B. Russia C. social D. nation
4.A. mirror B. sticky C. gift D. bride
5.A. ceremony B. careful C. standard D. servive
6.A. engagement B. changeable C. prestigious D. superstitious
7.A. mystery B. myself C. myriad D. myth
8.A. superstition B. stocking C. occasion D. asleep
9.A. scatter B. value C. adult D. vary
10.A. chocolate B. characteristic C. children D. change
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others
1.A. a’lert B. ‘alter C. ‘altar D. ‘album
2.A.’ ancestor B.’ article C. assignment D. additive
3.A.’ decent B. des’cent C. det’ect D. debate
4.A.’ venture B. ‘object C. ‘magpie D. fortune
5.A. de’plete B. ‘balloon C. ar’range D. impact
6.A. prefer B. present C. prepare D. pretend
7.A. react B. remain C. rebel D. refuse
8.A. ‘image B. ‘immigrate C. imitate D. import
9.A. percent B. perfect C. perform D. perhaps
10.A. confident B. concent C.contrast D. constant

Choose the best answers to complete the sentences :

1. I’m kind of superstitious .............. the number 13.
A. of B. about C. with D. at
2. “ “ in the sentence below is not correct.
I’m afraid the weather is getting hotter and hottest
A B C D hotter
3. Hair color is one of ......................... characteristics to be used in identifying people.
A. the most obviously B. most obvious C. obviously the most D. the most obvious
4. The gap between the sides is not .............. it was.
A. as wide as B. the wider as C. the widest as D. wide than
5. He is not ...such a N as........................... he used to be.
A. such good as a player as B. such a good player as C. so good as a teacher D. as a teacher as good
6. Brian has been working ................... since he was promoted
 A. much harder B. as harder C. more hardly D. far hardly
7. Unfortunately, her illness was ............................ we thought.
A. the seriousest B. the most serious C. more serious than D. seriouser than
8. In households where the father works full time and the mother works part time or not at all, the distribution of labor
when it comes to childcare and housekeeping is ...........................
A. as balanced B. more balanced C. less balanced D. least balanced
9. Division of the labor between mothers and fathers is .................. regarding playing or doing activities with children.
A. as even as B. more even C. most even D. more even
10. Kate is learning to play ........... piano.
A. the B. a C.  D. some
11. The club has members from many different cultural ....................
A. nations B. features C. manners D. backgrounds
12. It is a ............. belief that broken mirrors will bring bad luck.
A. usual B. normal C. similar D. common
13. Thank you. That was .............. very nice lunch.
A. a B. an C. the D. 
14. Halley was excited to be his friend’s .................... in his wedding.
A. close man B. closest man C. best man D. better man
15. Get off the bus ............... it stops.
A. so quick as B. so fast as C. so soon as D. as soon as
16. After ............ lunch, we went for a walk by ........ sea
A. the / the B.  /  C.  / the D. the / 
17. The French language lost its official ...................., And English became the speech not only of the common people
but of courts and parliament as well.
A. pretigious B. prestige danh tiếng C. fame D. famous
18. I never listen to .......... radio . In fact I haven’t got ...a........... radio.
A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
19. Today, fathers are taking ..a.......adj........... role in caring for children and helping out around the house.
A. a more active B. more active C. the more active D. as active
20. We live at .........third house from the church.
A. the B. a C. an D. 
Choose the best answers to complete the sentences
1. The bride is accompanied by the groom during the wedding ceremony.
A. bridegroom B. bridesmaid C. broom D. bride
2. What is the similarity between Vietnamese culture and Thai culture ?
A. That sounds interesting B. I couldn’t agree more. I like Vietnamese culture and Thai culture
C. That’s true. They don’t know much about this D. I think it is food
3. It can be seen that these cultures have ................. lot of things in common
A. a B. an C. the D. 
4. Taking part in social activities and interacting with different cultures widen their knowledge and gradually ... them .
 A. nature B. mature C. future D. picture
5. “Jim is more popular than any other painter in this district” has the closest meaning to:
A. Another painter is more popular than Jim B. Jim is more popular than no other painter in this district
C. Jim is the more popular than any other painter in this district D. Jim is the most popular painter in this district
6. He has worked as ................... coordinator for more than 4 years.
A. a B. an C. the D. 

Anh ấy đã
làm việc
như một.
điều phối
viên trong
hơn 4 năm.
7. Older athletes are getting faster and .............. than in the past.
A. fitter B. fittest C. fit D. more fit
8. Mount Everest is ................ mountain on the earth.
A. the tallest B. the taller C. tall D. tallest
9. My closest friend is looking forward to receiving a scholarship to study at a university in ................ Italy
A. a B. an C. the D. 
10. Before the wedding, the groom usually asks her brother, best friend or father to be his best man
A. bride B. bridegroom C. groomsman D. bridesmaid
11. Today’s top sports people receive a lot .................. money than in the past.
A. much B. many C. more D. most
12. Pain killers are much .................. now than in the past.
A. effective B. more effective C. most effective D. the more effective
13. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others.
A. increase B. bridesmaid C. wedding D. workforce
14. That was probably .................... enjoyable meal I’ve ever had
A. least B. less C. the less D. the least
15. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others.
A. ‘contrast B. ‘courage C. ‘venture D. le’gend
16. Our atmosphere is gradually becoming more and ................. polluted
A. much B. many C. more D. most
17. “ ” in the sentence below is not correct:
We didn’t realize that it was the most fastest way to cross the country
A B C D
18. “ ” in the sentence below is not correct:
In fact, France has a more lower overall medal total than Russia
A B C D
19. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others.
A. bulky B. altar C. employ D. object
20. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others.
A. ma’chine B. ex’pense C. import D. alone
Choose the best answers to complete the sentences :
1. Alan and Susie ................. an argument. They’re not speaking to each other.
A. must have B. might have C. must have had chắc chắn D. might had
đã xảy ra trong quá khứ
2. Many old people don’t like change. They are very set in their ....................
A. life B. habits C. routines D. ways
Nhiều người già không be very set in sb’s
muốn thay đổi . học k muốn ways (không
thay đổi nết sống cũ muốn thay đổi nếp
sống cũ)

3. Under the circumstances it .................. be best to wait for a few weeks

A. seemed B. ought C. might D. should
4. Some people are .................... interested in animals than in other people.
A. further B. far more C. much D. most
5. For this recipe to be successful, you ............... cook the meat for at least 2 hours in a moderate oven
A. need B. must C. ought D. will
6. He doen’t travel .................. he used to.
A. more than B. as much than C. as much as D. more than as
7. I’m afraid we can’t raise your ................. this year. The company’s operating on a very tight budget.
A. salary B. promotion C. job D. equality
8. “ ” in the sentence below is not correct:
Ducks are less susceptible to infection as other types of poultry
A B C D
9. are surprisingly widespread, including a fear of Friday the 13th and a belief in good-luck charms
A. Superstitions B. Superstitious C. Traditions D. Custom
10. People aren’t working because it is a holiday. The children ................... go to school either.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. don’t D. haven’t to
11. Cultural ............... is the equality of different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, as in the global monoculture, or
the variety of human societies or cultures in specific region, or in the world as a whole.
A. equality B. difference C. distinct D. diversity
12. “ ” in the sentence below is not correct:
One of the more beautiful botanical gardens in the US is the wild and lovely Magnolia Garden
A B C D
Choose the word or phrase ( A, B , C or D) that best fits each space in the following passage.
 Throughout the world there are different (1)_________ for people to greet each other. In much of the world, a
handshake is the common form of welcoming and greeting someone. In many countries around the Mediterranean Sea
a light kiss on the cheek is the appropriate way to welcome friends and family. It can be a very (2)_________ surprise
if you expect to shake hands and get a kiss or a hug instead.
At times, it is difficult to tell what sort of greeting (3)_________ is followed. People may bow, wave another’s
arm or even slap the other person on the back. In some places people just smile, look at (4) _________ face and say
nothing.
Most people in the world are tolerant of, visitors and don’t mind what travelers do that seems wrong as long as
the visitors are (5) _________ . A big part of the delightfulness of world travel is experiencing different customs.
1.A. means B. ways C. methods D. techniques
2.A. huge B. large C. big D. great
3.A. habit B. routine C. custom D. tradition
4.A. each other B. the others C. theirs D. the other’s
5.A. sincere B. truthful C. faithful D. hopeful
Choose the word or phrase ( A, B , C or D) that best fits each space in the following passage.
As our world shrinks everyday and people are travelling all over the world, we are all being exposed to more
varieties fro cultures. But we don’t always have to (1) ..................... home to meet people from all over the world. Just
look in the backyard of your own hometown, city and state. We are all now more a (2) ................. of a truly global
culture than ever before. We are now meeting, dating, falling in love and marrying people of many different cultural
and religious (3) .............. than oue town.
Your wedding will be special no matter what traditions you follow, as long as you have someone special
( 4) .................... your side. Wedding are as individual in style as they are universal as a ritual. Weddings are a time of
family and friends, and traditions; family heritage (5) .................. to incorporate culture items in the theme of your
wedding. Traditions can be small subtle things that (6) ....................the couple’s faimlies’ heritages. Or you can make
your cultural or religious traditions the rmain theme for your wedding. Cultural (7) ................ is one way to
personalize your wedding. Or you can have special segments to promote our and or your fiance’s heritage. It is a nice
and easy way to incorporate personal pride in your ancestry, especially today when more couples are multiculture
ones. Each and evey culture is rich in wedding customs and traditions. (8) ..................... up your special day with a
salute to your heritage. Or you can start your own traditions or borrow from another culture’s customs and traditions.
Then some couples will have a traditional Western ceremony and then do a special ceremony from their own like a
Korean tea ceremony.
1.A. leave B. move C. change D. build
2.A. role B. part C. lot D. number
3.A. knowledge B. expertise C. qualifications D. backgrounds
4.A. near B. close C. by D. with
5.A. is B. being C. uses D. using
6.A. present B. represent C. symbol D. make
7.A. variety B. wealth C. diversity D. abundance
8.A. Spice B. Put C. Give D. Salt
Choose the word or phrase ( A, B , C or D) that best fits each space in the following passage.
 Do you avoid walking under ladders ? Do black cats make you (1) ............... ? Some people care very
superstitous. They carry a lucky charm such as a rabbit’s foot everywhere they go. Why is a rabbit lucky ?
Because it’s born with its eyes open, of course!
Where do superstitions come from ? Long ago, people didn’t have the scientific knowledge we do today. To
reduce their fear about (2) ................... events, people came up with rituals. They passed their beliefs down from
generation to generation. Some superstitions are timeless. Floors in buildings still go from the 12th to the 14th floor,
even though nobody can agree (3) ................. the number 13 is unlucky.
Superstitous people think they can turn bad luck (4) .................. . They “knock on wood” to avoid jinxing
themselves. For example, if you say “I’ve never broken a limb” you should immediately search for a table to knock on
to avoid a (5) .................. of luck. You may break your leg tomorrow if you don’t.
Many superstitions are related to money. For example, if you give money away on Mondays, you’ll give money
away all week long. If you leave your purse on the floor, you’ll go broke. Gamblers (6) ............. notoriously
superstitious. If you’re in a casino, never get up to use the washroom. You’re lucky streak will go down the toilet.
Superstitions (7) ............... from culture to culture. A superstitious African mother won’t cut her baby’s hair
before her child’s first birthday! In Mexico, a bride must not wear pearls on her wedding day. Pearls symbolize tears
and an unhappy marriage.
Are you superstitious ? How would you (8) ................. if someone opened an umbrella in your living room ?
1.A. nerve B. nervous C. nervously D. nervousness
2.A. inexplainable B. imexplainable C. unexplainable D. disexplainable
3.A. why B. how C. what D. when
4.A. on B. up C. off D. away
5.A. reverse B. reversal C. reversing D. reversed
6.A. have B. get C. are D. do
7.A. move B. different C. diverse D. differ
8.A. react B. reacting C. reacted D. reaction
Choose the word or phrase ( A, B , C or D) that best fits each space in the following passage.
As more women in the United States move up the professional ladder, more are finding it necessary to make
business trips alone. Since this is new for many, some tips are certainly in order. If you are married, it is a good idea to
encourage your husband and children 5 to learn to cook few simple meals while you are way. They will be much
happier and probably they will enjoy the experience. If you will be eating alone a good deal, choose good restaurants.
In the end, they will be much better for your digestion. You may also find it useful to call the restaurant in advance
and state that you will be eating alone. You will probably get better service and almost certainly a better table.
Finally, and most importantly, anticipate your travel needs as a businesswoman; this starts with lightweight luggage
which you can easily manage even when fully packed. Take a folding case inside your suitcase; it will come in
extremely handy 15 for dirty clothes, as well as for business documents and papers you no longer need on the trip.
And make sure you have a briefcase so that you can keep currently required papers separate. Obviously, experience
helps, but you make things easier on yourself from the first by careful planning, so that right from the start you really
20 can have a good trip!
1. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?
A．A greater percentage of women are advancing professionally in the U.S. than before.
B．Professional men refuse to go with women on business trips.
C．Each year there are more women tourists in the United States.
D．Businesswomen become successful by showing a willingness to travel alone.
2. In this passage, what advice does the author have for married women ?
A. Stay home and take care of your family
B. Encourage your husband and kids to be happy and have fun while you are away
C. Help your family learn to prepare food for themselves
D. Have your whole family take gourment cooking classes together
3. Why are better restautants especially preferable for frequent travellers ?
A. The food is usually better for your health B. The tables are better
C. You can call ahead for reservations D. You will not have to eat alone
4．Why is lightweight luggage important for the traveling businesswomen?
A．It provides space for dirty clothes. B．It allows for mobility
C．It can double as a briefcase. D．It is usually big enough to carry all business documents.
5. Which of the following is closest meaning to the word “ papers” ?
A. newspapers B. certificates C. contracts D. documents

Choose the word or phrase ( A, B , C or D) that best fits each space in the following passage.
One custom that gives insight into people’s history and values is the way they greet one another. There is a wide
range of greetings around the world. These range from the common handshake to other strange rituals found in some
countries. Let’s take a look at how the simple action of greeting someone differs greatly from place to place.
In the United States and Canada, for example, a simple handshake or nod is the norm. The handshake has an
interesting origin: it started long ago as a way of showing people that you weren’t carrying a weapon. Shaking the
person’s right hand while looking him or her in the eye is the usual method. Handshakes are also common in other
parts of the world, including Britain and Russia. In Russia, males grasp other men’s hands very strongly during the
handshake. Handshakes are also how most people in New Zealand greet each other. However, the native Maori people
of that country display more physical contact: they press their noses together in a sign of trust and closeness.
In other countries, such as France and Belgium, hugging and kissing are more common when two people meet.
In those cultures, people kiss each other on the cheeks. The number of times varies depending on the particular
country. In Saudi Arabia, men might hug and kiss each other (but not a woman) on the cheek. Men will also shake
hands with other men there. In some Eastern countries, including Korea and Japan, bowing is the traditional greeting.
In Japan, the deeper the bow, the deeper the respect shown. The strangest custom, though, is likely in Tibet. People
there opt to stick out their tongue to greet others.
1. What is this reading mainly about ?
A. The importance of handshakes all around the world B. The origins and histories of various greetings
C. The strangest types of greetings on Earth. D. The wide range of greeting customs in the world
2. Which of the following sentence is TRUE ?
A. People in Russia, but not England, shake hands B. The number of times people kiss on the cheek varies
C. In the past, people nodded If they weren’t carrying a D. You shouldn’t look at people when shaking their
weapon hands in the United States
3. How do most people in New Zealand greet each other ? - .......................................................
A. With a handshake B. By pressing noses together
C. With a kiss on the cheek D. By sticking cut their tongue
4. Which type of country is NOT mentioned in the reading ?
A. A North American country B. A European country
C. A South American country D. An Asean country
5. What can be inferred about getting customs in Saudi Arabia ?
A. Men shake hands with women when meeting them for the first time
B. It’s not proper for men to kiss women when they meet
C. Women do not kiss other women when they meet
D. Women can kiss men, but men can’t kiss women when they meet.

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. Most people get fewer colds in the summer than in the winter  A person is ........................................................
2. She reminded her daughters of their table manners  She wanted ..........................................................................
3. Twice as many men as women are insurrance agents  Male insurrance agents .....................................................
4. The truck is practically as cheap as a van  The truck is little .................................................................................
5. He makes a better husband than father  He is more ...............................................................................................
6. Haven’t you got any cheaper televisions ?  Are these ...........................................................................................?
7. I had expected the weather to be worse  The weather was ...................................................................................
8. She had never been so happy before  She was unhappier ......................................................................................
9. She knows a lot more about it than I do  I don’t know ...........................................................................................
10. There are more people out of work in this country than ever before  Never ........................................................
11. She speaks more persuasively than his brother  Her brother ................................................................................
12. It is a good idea to study Mars to see if life ever existed there  We .....................................................................
13. If you run a lot, you’ll get fitter  The ...................................................................................................................
14. Fish and meat are at the same price in some countries  Fish costs ......................................................................
15. You must not smoke here  You are .....................................................................................................................
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. The film I saw last week was better than this one ( good )
 This film .................................................................... the one I saw last week
2. Mary used to be better paid than she is these days ( as )
 These days Mary is .................................................... she used to be
3. There are ver few buildings in the old city higher than this ( one )
 This is ............................................................................ buildings in the old city
4. I can’t believe this is the best room there is ( better )
 There must ......................................................................... this one.
5. My house is as big as Peter’s ( same )
 Peter’s house ............................................................................... mine
6. Louisa does a full-time job and looks after the house too ( well )
 Louisa does a full-time job ............................................................. the house
7. “I’d love to be the same height as my sister” said Jolie enviously ( tall )
 Jolie wishes ............................................................................... her sister
8. Dinner will be served immediately upon our arrival at the hotel ( soon )
 Dinner will be served ........................................................................ at the hotel
9. Take my advice and don’t drink so much whisky ( if )
 I’d drink ............................................................................... you
10. Dan thinks English food is better than French food ( prefers )
 Dan ........................................................................... French food
Give the correct form of the words in brackets:
1. The ................ ceremony is one of the 3 stages of a Vietnamese traditional wedding ( propose )
2. Before a wedding ceremony, there must be an .................... ceremony ( engage )
3. As a rule of thumb, a number of superstitious people choose a ......... date before starting something ( favour )
4. It is believed that meeting a black cat is lucky , but it is ................. to walk under a ladder or break a mirror ( luck )
5. Working as a volunteer provides you with opportunities to know more about cultural ............. ( diverse )
6. If you want to get on well with your colleagues, you should pay ............. to some common features of their cultures
( attend )
7. He is trying to work hard so that he is promoted to a higher and more ............. position ( prosper )
8. After he had flirted her for a long time, they ...................fell in love ( gradual )
9. It cannot be denied that superstitious ................. exist in many cultures ( believe )
10. After the wedding day, the ................. of couples leave on honeymoon in a very romantic places ( major )
Rearrange the words / phrases to make meaningful sentences:
1. most / he / the / polite / is / I / met / have / man / ever
2. the / Alan / third / best / is / in / competition / the
3. active / is / she / less / her / than / classmates
4. considered / obesity / can / be / be / one / to / of the / serious / healt / most / problems
5. achievement / in / information / technology / and will / made / be / scientists / more / by / and / more
_______________________________________________________________________

UNIT 7: CULTURAL DIVERSITY

PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS

1. Vocabulary
diversity (n): sự đa dạng similarity (n): sự tương đồng
cultural (adj): thuộc về văn hóa ceremony (n): buổi lễ
wedding (n): lễ cưới proposal (n): sự cầu hôn
engagement (n): sự đính hôn
complicated (adj): phức tạp
bride (n): cô dâu
groom (n): chú rể = bridegroom
bridesmaid (n): phù dâu
best man (n): phù rể = groomsman
unnecessary (adj): không cần thiết
expense (n): chi phi
reception (n): tiệc chiêu đãi
big day = wedding day: ngày cưới
honeymoon (n): tuần trăng mật
favourable (adj): thuận lợi
altar (n): bàn thờ
ancestor (n): ông bà, tổ tiên
superstition (n): tín ngưỡng, sự mê tín
superstitious (adj): mê tín
mystery (n): điều huyền bí
mysterious (adj): huyền bí
legend (n): truyền thuyết
ritual (n): lễ nghi
prestigious (adj): có uy tín
soul (n): linh hồn
venture (n): dự án
fork (n) cái dĩa
clover (n): cỏ ba lá
magpie (n): chim chích chòe
samovar (n): ấm đun trà (của Nga)
dumpling (n): bánh bao
beetroot (n): củ cải đường
filling (n): món thịt nhồi
figure skating (n): môn trượt băng nghệ thuật
scatter (v): tung, rải
wrestling (n): môn đấu vật
newly-wed (n): người vừa mới lập gia đình
decent (adj): kha khá
prosperous (adj): thịnh vượng
self-reliance (n): sự tự lực
2. Grammar
2.1. Comparative and superlative adjectives (Tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhât)
2.1.1. Form: + Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết: hard, cold, short, smart ... 
So sánh hơn: adjective + er e.g. This ruler is shorter than that one.(Cái thước này ngắn hơn cái thước kia)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + est e.g. This is the shortest ruler. (Đây là cái thước ngắn nhất)
+ Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là -e: nice, fine, wide ...
So sánh hơn: adjective + -r e.g. Her bag is nicer than yours. (Túi của chị ấy đẹp hơn túi của cô)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + -st e.g. That is the nicest bag. (Đó là cái túi đẹp nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là 1 nguyên âm đơn + 1 phụ âm đơn: hot, fat, thin ...
So sánh hơn: adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -er
e.g. The black cat is fatter than the white one.(Con mèo đen béo hơn con mèo trâng)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -est
e.g. It is the fattest cat. (Nó là con mèo béo nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết tận cùng là -y: happy, noisy, busy ..
So sánh hơn: adjective (bỏ -y) + -ier
e.g. Linda is happier than Mary. (Linda hạnh phúc hơn Mary)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective(bỏ -y) + -iest
e g. This is the happiest wife. (Đây là người vợ hạnh phúc nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết trở lên: active, beautiful, expensive, dangerous ....
So sánh hơn: more + adjective
e g. Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than riding a bicycle . (Đi xe máy thì nguy hiểm hơn đi xe đọp)
So sánh nhất: the + most + adjective
e.g. That is the most dangerous action. (Đó là hành động nguy hiểm nhát)
Ngoại lệ: Một số tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất không theo các quy tắc trên: good, bad, far, many, much,
little ....
So sánh hơn: good --> better, bad --> worse, far --> further/ farther, many/much --> more, little --> less ...
e.g. His speaking is better than his writing . (Phần nói của anh ấy tốt hơn phần viết)
So sánh nhất: good —> the best, bad —> the worst, far —»the furthest/farthest, many/ much —> the most,
little —> the least...
E.g: His speaking is the best of the four skills. (Phần nói của anh ấy là tốt nhất trong bốn kỹ năng)
*)Notes: Ta có thể dùng: slightly, far, by far, a lot, much, significantly ... để nhấn mạnh cho so sánh hơn
hoặc so sánh nhất.
e.g. This house is much bigger than that one. (Ngôi nhà này lớn hơn ngôi nhà kia nhiều)
Để diễn tả kém ... hơn, kém... nhất ta dùng: less + adjective the least + adjective
This is the least safe place. (Đây là nơi kém an toàn nhất)
2.1.2. Use:
*) Tính từ so sánh hơn được dùng để:
+ So sánh 2 đối tượng hoặc nhóm đổi tượng(ngườỉ, vật, nơi chốn) với nhau.
e.g. Peter is stronger than Linda. (Peter khỏe hơn Linda)
First year students are younger than third year students. (Các bạn sviên năm 1 thì trẻ hơn các bạn sv năm 3)
So sánh cùng một người, vật, nơi chốn ở hai thời điểm khác nhau.
e.g. This item is more expensive (this year) than it was last year. (Mặt hàng này đắt hơn năm ngoái)
*) Note: Chúng ta có thể bỏ mệnh đề “than” nếu ta rõ đối tượng được so sánh.
e.g. There are 20 boys and 20 girls in this class. The boys are more active (than the girls are).
(Có 20 bạn nam và 20 bạn nữ trong lớp này. Các bạn nam thì năng động hơn)
*) Tính từ so sánh nhất được dùng để:
So sánh 1 đối tượng trong nhóm (người, vật, nơi chốn, thời điểm) với các đối tượng còn lại.
e.g: Peter is the strongest of the 6 students. (Trong 6 học sinh, Peter là người khỏe nhất)
This is the cheapest hotel in this area. (Đây là khách sạn rẻ nhất trong khu vực này)
Spring is the most pleasant season (of the four). (Mùa xuân là mùa dễ chịu nhất trong bốn mùa)
*) Note: So sánh nhất còn có thể dùng với số thứ tự, one of the, some of the, tính từ sở hữu ...
e.g. He is my best friend. (Anh ấy là bạn tốt nhất của tôi)
Tom was the second best in that contest. (Tom đứng thứ 2 trong cuộc thi đó)
2.2. Articles: mạo từ (a/an/the)
2.2.1. A/an:Chúng ta dùng a/an trước danh từ đếm được số ít, được nhắc đến lần đầu, khi người nghe, người
đọc chưa rõ về nó. Đó là lí do ta gọi a/an là mạo từ bất định (chưa biết rõ).
E.g: She has bought a cat recently. (Gần đây chị ấy có mua 1 con mèo)
Today I am going to talk about a change in our company.
(Hôm nay tôi sẽ nói về 1 thay đổi trong công ty chúng ta)
+ Chúng ta dùng a/an trước 1 nghề nghiệp của ai đó
He is an actor. (Chú ấy là một diễn viên)
2.2.2. The:
+ Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” trước danh từ được nhắc lại hoặc danh từ mà người đọc, người nghe đã hiểu rõ.
Đó là lí do ta gọi “the” là mạo từ xác định (đã biết rõ).
e.g. Nam is talking to a teacher from England. The teacher is holding some books.
(Nam đang nói chuyện với một giáo viên đến từ Anh. Vị giáo viên đó cầm trên tay mấy quyển sách).
The singer seemed to be shy. (Ca sĩ đó có vẻ xấu hổ)
Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” với so sánh nhất.
e.g. It is the biggest city. (Nó là thành phố lớn nhất)
Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” trước những thứ duy nhất: the earth, the moon, the sun, the Government, the
Prime Minister ...
e.g. The sun rises in the east. (Mặt trời mọc ở phía đông)
*) Note: Chúng ta không dùng mạo từ “the” trước các danh từ riêng: Mary, David, Vietnam, England. New
York ... 
3. Pronunciation
Stress in two-syllable words with the same spelling: trọng âm trong từ gồm 2 âm tiết viết giống nhau
Có một số từ thay đối trọng âm khi trở thành từ loại khác
e g. They present every day. - pre'sent (v): thuyết trình
He received a present. - 'present (n): món quà
I record my voice. - re'cord (v): thu âm
I set a record. - 'record (n): kỉ lục
PART II. PRACTICE
1. Listen, repeat each sentence and choose the word you hear. (Track 30)
1. A. pre'sent B. 'present
2. A. re'cord B. 'record
3. A. con'duct B. 'conduct
4. A. con'tract B. 'contract
5. A. pro'test B. 'protest

2. Complete the sentences by using comparative or superlative adjectives.

1. Antarctica is _________ (cold) than Africa. colder
2. Taman Negara National Park in Malaysia is the ____________ (old) rainforest in the world. oldest
3. Germany was _________ (successful) in winning medals than Japan. more successful
4. The Atlantic ocean is _______ (wide) than the Mediterranean. wider
5. Northern provinces are a bit __________ (hot) than southern ones. hotter
6. This is the __________ (funny) actor I have ever had conversation with. funniest
7. Some people think that crocodiles are _________ (dangerous) than pythons. more dangerous
8. The little boy was unhappy because his performance was ________ (bad) than his friend. worse
9. Great Britain is one of the __________ (powerful) countries in the world. most powerful
10. Australia is the 6th ________ (large) country in the world, occupying an entire continent of some 7.6
million square kilometres. largest

5. Complete the following sentences.

1. I like all kind of sports, but I think football is the most exciting game to watch.
2. I think it is the most delicious food in the world.
3. Alice is very pleased with her results of this semester. They are better than last semester.
4. He thinks that people from the south of his country are much more humorous than people from the north. In
the north, no one ever seems to smile, but it’s opposite in the south.
5. The more hardworking you are, the more successful you are.

6. Find and correct mistakes in following sentences.

1. This lake is more deep than that one. deeper
2. Kate’s situation is the most complicated than her cousin’s. more complicated
3. The bride and groom are happiest people on their wedding. the happiest
4. A doctor and an architect are living in this villa. A doctor is from Germany. the
5. In England, people drink a lot of tea.

PART III: TEST YOURSELF

1. Gap-filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
1. similarities 9. properly 4. favourable 3. reception 7. crossing
5. ancestors 2. grooms 10. scattered 6. sweep 8. souls

1. In order to meet the requirement, you have to point out both _____ and differences between two cultures.
2. In some cases, brides and __________ are provided with most of the necessary things for their big day.
3. The board of directors have decided to hold a ________________ in a luxurious restaurant.
4. As a rule of thumb, several superstitious people choose a ________ date before starting something.
5. My parents lay food on the altar for my _________ on a regular basis because they perceive that they will
enjoy the meal with my family.
6. Traditionally, Vietnamese people do not ________ the floor during the first three days of Tet (Lunar New
Year).
7. Some people try to avoid ________ the path of a woman, as this may not bring good luck to them.
8. He holds a belief that the altar is the place where ancestors' _______ live.
9. Before travelling to England, you have to learn to use knives, forks and spoons _______.
10. They leave coins ___________ on the ground as a ritual of their culture.

2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.

1. self-reliance + c a. a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks
2. ancestor + d b. something that is difficult to understand or to
3. mystery + b c. the ability to do or decide things by yourself
4. prestigious + e d. a person in your family who lived a long time ago
5. venture + a e. respected and admired as very important or of very high quality

3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. The ______ ceremony is one of the three stages of a Vietnamese traditional wedding. (propose) proposal
2. Before a wedding ceremony, there must be an _______ ceremony. (engage) engagement
3. As a rule of thumb, a number of superstitious people choose a ______ date before starting something.
(favour) favorable / favorite
4. It is believed that meeting a black cat is lucky, but it is ______ to walk under a ladder or break a mirror.
(luck) unlucky
5. Working as a volunteer provides you with opportunities to know more about cultural ______. (diverse)
diversity
6. If you want to get on well with your colleagues, you should pay ______ to some common features of their
cultures. (attend) attention
7. He is trying to work hard so that he is promoted to a higher and more _____________ position. (prosper)
prosperous
8. After he had flirted her for a long time, they ________ fell in love. (gradual) gradually
9. It cannot be denied that superstitious _______ exist many cultures. (believe) beliefs
10. After the wedding day, the ________ of couples leave on honeymoon in very romantic places. (major)
majority 
4. Choose the best answer.
1. The bride is accompanied by the groom during the wedding ceremony. The underlined word has the closest
meaning to:
A. bridegroom B. bridesmaid C. broom D. bridge
2. Karen: “What is the similarity between Vietnamese culture and Thai culture?” - Kevin: “_____”
A. That sounds interesting. B. I couldn’t agree more. I like Vietnamese culture and Thai culture.
C. That’s true. They don’t know much about this. D. I think it is food.
3. It can be seen that these cultures have _______ lot of things in common.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article needed
4. Taking part in social activities and interacting with different cultures widen their knowledge and gradually
________ them.
A. nature B. mature C. future D. picture
5. “Jim is more popular than any other painter in this district." has the closest meaning to:
A. Another painter is more popular than Jim.
B. Jim is more popular than no other painter in this district.
C. Jim is the more popular than any other painter in this district.
D. Jim is the most popular painter in this district.
6. He has worked as _________ coordinator for more than 4 years.
A. a B.an C. the D. no article needed
7. Older athletes are getting faster and _______ than in the past.
A. fitter B. fittest C. fit D. more fit
8. Mount Everest is _________ mountain on Earth.
A. the tallest B. the taller C. tall D. tallest
9. My closest friend is looking forward to receiving a scholarship to study at a university in _______ Italy.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article needed
10. Before the wedding, the groom usually asks his brother, best friend or father to be his best man. The
underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. bride B. bridegroom C. groomsman D. bridesmaid
11. Today’s top sportspeople receive a lot ______ money than in the past.
A. much B. many C. more D. most
12. Pain killers are much _______ now than in the past.
A. effective B. more effective C. most effective D. the more effective
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. increase B. bridesmaid C. wedding D. workforce
14. That was probably_______ enjoyable meal I’ve ever had.
A. least B. less C. the less D. the least
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. contrast B. courage C. venture D. legend
16. Our atmosphere is gradually becoming more and _______ polluted.
A. much B. many C. more D. most
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
We didn’t realize (A) that it (B) was the most fastest (C) way to cross the (D) country.
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
In (A) fact, France had a more lower (B) overall medal (C) total than Russia (D).
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A bulky B. altar C. employ D. object
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. machine B. expense C. import D. alone

5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.

1. most / He / the / polite / is / I / met. / have / man/ ever
He is the most polite man I have ever met.
2. the / Alan / third / best / is / in / competition. / the
Alan is the third best in the competition.
3. active / is / She / less / her / than / classmates.
She is less active than her classmates.
4. considered / Obesity / can / be / be / one / to / of the / serious / health / most / problems.
Obesity can be considered to be one of the most serious health problems.
5. achievements / in / information / technology / and will / made / be / scientists./ More / by / and / more
More and more achievements in information and technology will be made by scientists.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Alcohol And The Devil
Although stereotypes can be harmful, it is true that Russia is one of ______ (1) -ranked countries in
the world in alcohol consumption. The country’s love of vodka is also its leading cause of ______ (2), from
liver disease and alcohol poisoning to fatal accidents and crimes.
Since its such an ______ (3) part of their culture, there are many rules of etiquette surrounding
drinking in Russia, for instance, you can’t place a glass of alcohol back on the table after a toast-it should be
bottom’s up and _______ (4).
Arriving late for dinner means that you have to drink a ______ (5) glass of vodka, no questions asked,
as you’ll have to catch ________ (6) with the rest.
Between the first and second shots, there must be no interruptions whatsoever. Lastly, you should
never _______ (7) the mistake of offering a toast with an empty glass. If you do, you’ll have to drink the
entire bottle.
Russians also love to swear, but their custom is steeped in ______ (8). It is said that when you curse
another persons health in a manner without malice, you should spit three times over your left shoulder. This
_____ (9) spits in the eye of the devil, preventing ______ (10) omens or a
temptation of fate. If the curse is made in writing, you should write the guttural sound, “Tfu, tfu, tfu!”
1. A. the highest B. the higher C. higher D. highest
2. A. death B. died C. die D. dead
3. A. success B. integral C. federal D. unnecessary
4. A. full B.empty C. locked D. knocked
5. A. knocked B. empty C. locked D. full
6. A. in B. for C. up D. about
7. A. do B. change C. create D. make
8. A. super B. superstitious C. delicious D. superstition
9. A. symbolical B. symbolically C. symbolize D. symbol
10. A. lucky B. good C. worst D. bad