1 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Wellbore models

Constant wellbore
storage

2 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Constant wellbore storage

∂p wf
Constant wellbore storage : qsf = qB + 24C
∂t

Drawdown Buildup

surface surface
q flowrate q flowrate

sandface sandface
flowrate flowrate

t t

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3 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Constant wellbore storage

C = 0.01 stb/psi
C = 0.1 stb/psi
1000 C = 1 stb/psi

100

10

1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Loglog plot

4 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Constant wellbore storage

4900

4800

4700

4600

4500

4400
qB
m=
24C
4300

4200

4100
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Specialized plot, p vs ∆t

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5 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Wellbore storage influence

1000

100

C = 0.001 stb/psi
10 C = 0.003 stb/psi
C = 0.01 stb/psi
C = 0.03 stb/psi
C = 0.1 stb/psi

1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Loglog plot

6 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Wellbore storage influence

C = 0.001 stb/psi
4800 C = 0.003 stb/psi 4600
4600 C = 0.01 stb/psi
C = 0.03 stb/psi 4200
4400
C = 0.1 stb/psi
4200 3800

4000

3800 500

3600 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Semilog and history plot

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7 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Permeability influence
on the WBS effect

1000

100

k = 2 mD
10 k = 5 mD
k = 10 mD
k = 20 mD
k = 50 mD

1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Loglog plot

8 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Wellbore models

Changing wellbore
storage

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9 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Changing wellbore storage

• Not constant wellbore fluid compressibility (i.e. gas)

• Redistribution of phases
• Recombination of phase
• Falling liquid level in injector during falloff

10 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Changing wellbore storage

Changing
Constant
1000 WBS 1000
WBS

100 100

Constant Changing
10 10
WBS WBS

1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

increasing storage decreasing storage

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11 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Changing wellbore storage models

• Hegeman et al
• Fair

• Transfer functions with no physics behind

• The models are time related
• Superposition of time related functions incorrect
• Use with care

12 DDA © KAPPA 1988-2010

Pseudo time

dt ps 1
= = I ( p)
dt µ ( p )ct ( p )

1E+9 1E+9

1E+8 1E+8

1E+7 1E+7

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Without pseudo time With pseudo time

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Pressure dependent wellbore storage

1E+9 1E+9

1E+8 1E+8

0.1 1 10 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Changing wellbore storage model Corrected for Pseudo Time

1000

100

0.1 1 10 100 1000

Non linear pressure dependent wellbore storage model