CH-10

THE FLOWERING OF REGIONAL CULTURES

CLASS -7

EXI . GIVE ANSWER IN BRIEF :

Q.1. When did modern Indo- Aryan languages start emerging ? Give
examples of modern Indo- Aryan languages.

Ans- Modern Indo- Aryan languages started emerging in the 9th and 10th centuries. Odia and
Bengali in the East, Marathi in the West and Hindi and related languages in central India.

Q. 2. Which language was known as the camp language ? Why?

Ans- URDU was designated as the camp language of the Medieval India. The language may have
originally spoken in the military camp during later Mughals period.

Q.3. Name the centres of Rajasthani style of painting .When did this style flourish?

Ans- Mewar, Jodhpur, Bundi, Bikaner, Kota are the centres of Rajasthani paintings .

Rajasthani style of painting flourished from the late fourteenth till the late
eighteenth century.

Q.4 . From which word is ’ Kathak’ derived ? Who were the Kathakars?

Ans- The word ‘Kathak’ is derived from the word ‘Katha’ which means story. The Kathakars were a
caste of storytellers attached to temples.

Q.5. Write two distinctive features of the temples of Bengal.

Ans- The features of Bengal temples :

i. Temples are made of modest bricks and terracotta structures, four roofed structure
with triangular roofs.
ii. The outer walls of these temples are covered with terracotta tiles that depict scenes
from the epics.

EX II. GIVE ANSWER IN DETAILS:

Q.1. Discuss the development of Hindi literature in the medieval period.

Ans- Hindi and related languages in central india started coming up around medieval period. The
medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of Bhakti movement and composition of long
, epic poems. Awadhi and Braj Bhasha were the dialects in which literature was developed. The
main works in Avadhi are Malik Muhammad Jayasi’s PADMAVAT and Tulsidas’s
RAMACHARITAMANAS.

Q.2. Discuss the development of Persian literature in the medieval period ?

Ans- The Turks introduced Persian in India. It became the court language. Administrative records
were maintained in Persian. Over time , Persian and Hindi came together to form a new language
URDU. India produced Persian literature in all its branches, which were composed well.

Q. 3. Discuss the main features of Mughal painting?

Ans- The Mughal paintings are very beautiful. Features of Mughal painting are:

i. Bright colours used by the painters. Such as Peach, Red,Blue etc.

ii. The themes of paintings are very varied.
iii. Popular themes like- the scene of royal court, battles, royal hunts , nature scene etc.
iv. Some painters were expert at painting portraits of kings and queens.

Q. 4. How did the regional kingdoms contribute to the development of music in medieval period?

Ans- With the coming of the Turks , music prepared . There was a fusion of Persian- Arabic and
Indian musical forms.

i. The ruler of Jaunpur and Gwalior were great patrons of music.

ii. New Ragas were created by Sultan Hussain Shah of Junpur.
iii. Rja Man Singh Tomar was also fond of music, he wrote the musical work,’’ Man
Kautuhal’’.
iv. A distinctive style of music developed in the kingdom of Kashmir.Music also prepared
in Gujrat and Malwa.

Q. 5.Aurangzeb banned singing in court. Was it because he was an orthodox ruler or were
there some serious economic reasons that prompted him to take this step?

Ans- Aurangzeb was an orthodox , god fearing muslim. He banned singing in the court but not
playing of musical instruments. He thought that singing in the court was un-Islamic and
showed religious in tolerance.

NOTE: DO EX C PG NO. 91 Q. NO. 1 TO 5 IN THE BOOK.

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