Index
A E
Accuracy 92
Active immunization 164
adaptive design 77
\'
' adaptive randomization 81
Agreement rate 94
\ Air-borne/droplet transmission diseases 160
an observational epidemiological study 65
'
' Antigenicity 157
arboviral diseases 162
assessment 26
B external validity 110, 122
bias 68, 110
biological plausibility 130
biomarkers 69
blocked randomization 80
Blood-borne diseases 161
Burden of Disease 26
c frequency matching 67
carrier 159
carry-over effect 76
case fatality 8, 21
categorical variable 68
clinical importance 122
Clinical trials 74
cohort study 50, 61, 64
communicability 154
comparative effectiveness research
confidence interval 70
confounding 67, 110, 116, 128
continuous variable 68
correlation analysis 40
cross-over study 76
Cross-sectional studies 44
Current disinfection 166
D incubation period 159, 165
decision analysis model 139,141
descriptive epidemiology 36
diagnostic test 90
differential misclassification 114
Direct contact transmission 160
Direct transmission 160
Disinfection 166
dose-response relationship 130
double-blinded study 81
ecological fallacy 46, 131
Ecological studies 45
~merging infections 155
epidemic 2
epidemic process 159
epidemicity 154
Epidemiology
equivalency, or noninferiority trials 77
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) 139
Expanded Program on Immunization 165
exposure 50, 68
F
factorial design 76
false negative 7
false positive 7
Food-borne diseases 160
G
gold standard 90
group matching 67
H
Healthy Life Expectancy 29
herd immunity 162
host 156
149
iceberg phenomenon 159
immunity 154
immunogenicity 157
Immunoprophylaxis 166
inapparent infection 158
incidence rate 16, 17
Indirect contact transmission 160
indirect transmission 160
individual matching 67, 68
infectious agent 156
infectious process 158,159
Infectivity 156
information bias 110, 127
Insect-borne diseases 162
internal validity 110, 122
179
180 I INDEX

L rate ratio 60
recall bias 127
lead-time bias 102
receiver operating characteristic curve 103
length-biased sampling 102
re-emerging infections 155
Life Expectancy 28
Reliability 95
longitudinal study 52
reproducibility 95
M Retrospective cohort studies 61
risk 16.
matched case-control study 71
Matching 67 risk difference 60
median survival time 9, 21 risk factors 5, 26, 66
risk ratio 58
meta-analysis 132
misclassification bias 127 ROC (receiver operator characteristic curve) 98
route of transmission 159
molecular epidemiology 4
morbidity 29
Mortality 26
s
sample 64
Mortality rate 22
screening 7, 101
N selection bias 110, 126, 141
sensitivity 7, 93
nature history 8
Serial test 100
Negative likelihood ratio 94
Sexually transmitted diseases 161
negative predictive value 96
sexually transmitted infections 161
newly-emerging infections 155
significance 123
Nondifferential misclassification 113
Simple randomization 80
0 single-blinded study 81
source of infection 159
observational studies (OSs) 139
source population 65
odds ratio 70
specificity 7, 93
p stratified randomization 80
strength of observed association 129
pandemic 2
surveillance 5
parallel group design 75
survival 19
parallel test 100
survival analysis 20
Passive immunization 164
Passive-active immunization
pathogen 154, 156
Pathogenicity 156
Phase ill trials 79
Phase N trials 79 te~poral relationship 130
phase I trials 77 Terminal disinfection 166
Phase II clinical trials 78 Toxigenicity 156
placebo 75 triple-blinded study 81
Planned immunization 164
Positive likelihood ratios 94 v
positive predictive value 96 Vaccination 164
pragmatic clinical trials 139 validity 11 O
pragmatic or practical clinical trials 77 variability 106, 157
prevalence 16, 17 Vector-borne diseases 162
prognostic factors 9 Virulence 156
Prospective cohort studies 61
w
Q water-borne diseases 161
Quarantine 165
y
R Youden Index 94
random sample 67
randomization 132 z
randomized controlled trials - 139 Zoonotic diseases 162