Department of collegiate and technical

education

TEXTILE TESTING-I
MODULE 1.1
Introduction to textile testing and quality
control….

TEXTILE TESTING I- 15TX55

Introduction
Textiles are manufactured for many different uses,
each of which has different performance requirements.
Therefore fabric testing plays a crucial role in gauging
product quality, ensuring regulatory compliance and
assessing the performances. It provides information
about physical or structural, and many such properties
of the materials.

Testing of textiles refers to numerous procedures for

assessing myriad range of fibre, yarns and fabric
characteristics such as :
Fibre strength and fineness
Yarn linear density
Yarn twist
Fibre length
Moisture content, etc TEXTILE TESTING I- 15TX55
Objectives of textile testing

• Helps in analysis of results

• Selection of proper raw materials
• Control various manufacturing processes
• Better process development
• Effective productivity
• Specification of end uses
• Further research to overcome
shortcomings
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Factors which affect test results

• Sampling
• Atmospheric conditions
• Instruments used
• Efficiency of technicians
• Laboratory ambience

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Quality control

Refers to the excellence of a product.

Control is to verify and further regulate the
quality of the material.
Objectives
• Produce required quality product
• Fulfill the market demand
• Reduction of cost
• Reduction of wastage
• Maximize efficiency
TEXTILE TESTING I- 15TX55
Sampling methods and techniques for fibres,
yarns and fabrics.

It is not possible to test all the raw material

because of time and cost constraints. And
also the destructive nature of many tests
will result in wastage.
Hence a small amount of raw material can be
chosen which will represent the whole lot
and tested.

The aim of sampling is to produce an

unbiased sample in which the proportion
are as the whole bulk.
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Techniques
• In general there are basically two types of
sampling methods. Those are as follows-
• The Random sampling methods.
• The Biased sampling methods.

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1. The Random Sampling Method:
In Random sampling method, every individual in
the population has an equal chance of being
included it. The number in the sample must be
sufficiently large to include all the variations of
the individuals in the population.

2. The Biased Sampling Method:

In biased sampling method, the selection of an
individual is influenced by the factors rather than
chance. Hence a sample does not truly represent
the bulk. The cause of the bias may be the
physical characteristics of the individual, its
position relative of the person doing
the sampling
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Random sampling
1. Every individual in the population has an equal chance of being
included it.
2. Factor
Random sampling is not influenced by
the factors.
3. Depend on
Here sampling person
is not depending on the position.
4. Sample Represent
A sample truly represents the bulk.
5. Sample Result
The sample or test
result is not dependable and acceptable.
6. Position
Random method is considered best.

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Zoning Sampling Technique:

Zoning is a popular testing method of fiber that is

used for selecting samples from raw cotton or
wool or other loose fibre where the properties
may vary considerably from place to place. A
handful of fibres is taken at random from each of
at least 40 widely spaced places (zones)
throughout the bulk of the consignment and is
treated as follows.

If the bulk of the material is not homogeneous, a

number of sub samples must be taken at
random from different places in the bulk. The
number of sub samples depends upon the
degree of heterogeneity of the bulk and may be
found by experiment. 
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Fabric Sampling Techniques:

Fabric samples from warp and weft are taken

separately as their properties vary
substantially along warp and weft. Identify
and mark the warp direction first. Make
sure that no two specimens contain same
warp or weft threads. Mark and cut
samples at least 2 inches away from the
selvedge. Also, make sure not to take
samples from creased, wrinkled or
damaged portions of the fabric, if any. In
case of knit fabric, samples are taken from
different parts of the fabric almost the
same way as done for wovens.
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1. Which of the following is/are types of neps?
a. Biological neps
b. Natural neps
c. Mechanical neps
d. All of the above.

2. White and dark speck neps are caused due to the presence of __
and __ respectively.
a. SCF, dead and immature cells.
b. Immature and dead cotton, SCF.
c. Dirt and dust, SCF.
d. Not enough information.

3. In Electrolytic hygrometer the electrodes are wound a skein of

very fine fibers impregnated with a ___ chemical.
a) Sodium chloride
b) Lithium chloride
c) Potassium nitrate
d) Sodium hydroxide
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4. If a constant voltage is applied to the element in
Electrolytic hygrometer, the current flowing will vary
with change in percentage ___ of the atmosphere.
a) Specific humidity
b) Absolute humidity
c) Relative humidity
d) Current humidity

5. Length by number measurements is pure

measurements that are not influenced by ...........of
the fibres
a) Weight
b) Fineness
c) Strength
d) None of the above

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https://clothingindustry.blogspot.
com/2017/11/sampling-techniques-fiber-
yarn.html
http://textilemerchandising.com/types-
sampling-method-apply-textile/
https://textilelearner.blogspot.
com/2012/02/what-is-sampling-zoning-
sampling.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=U1S81jO2kuk

TEXTILE TESTING I- 15TX55