SCULPTURE
HIGH RELIEF
• it is the aesthetic art defined by the
technique of modeling. modeling means
the shaping of a single block or mass of
material to a tri-dimensional form.
DIFFERENCE FROM PAINTING?
REALISTIC:
Optic and haptic dimensions
TRANSFORMATIVE:
Material and emotive or affective values
TWO MAJOR PROCESSES
ADDITIVE
• it is produced by putting together smaller
segments of the material. it is the
construction of a figure by putting together
the pieces of material
SUBTRACTIVE
• it is a process in which the unwanted
material is cut away.
FUNCTIONS:
AESTHETICAL
• it is used primarily for beautifying,
enhancing the place and for sensuous
pleasure.
COMMEMORATIONAL
• it is for recollection of important events and
to render honor to a person and one’s
contribution.
INSPIRATIONAL
• it is to boost, influence, or encourage a
feeling for a purpose of emulating a person,
holding principles, and fervent dedication.
TYPES:
RELIEF
• it is a type where the figures are attached
to a ground. sculpture that remains part of
or partly attached to its original material.
THREE DIFFERENT DEGREES OF RELIEF MEDIUMS
STONE
• when the image stands out farther from • most commonly used (like metal) material
the background plane. is durable, resistant to the elements, fire,
LOW RELIEF and other hazards. it is heavy and breaks
• (also called Bas-relief) it is when the image easily.
is closer to the background plane. GRANITE
SULKEN RELIEF OR INTAGLIO • is good for large works with only a
• (Also called incised) the image or its outline few designs since it is difficult to
slightly recessed into the surface place. chisel.
ROUND (FREE-STANDING) MARBLE
• It is a sculpture that can be seen from all • Is the most beautiful of stone
sides or angles materials. it is capable of taking a
high polish easier to carve than
SIZES granite, and is a relatively softer in
COLOSSAL character. this is used for detailed
• They are several or many times larger than carving of figures.
life-sized sculptures. JADE
HEROIC • Highly esteemed as an ornamental
• Statues that are somewhat larger and life- stone for carving and fashioning
sized. jewelry.
MINIATURE IVORY
• a copy on a much reduced or small scale. • is the hard-white substance used to
making carvings and comes from
SCULPTURAL TECHNIQUES: the main parts of the tusks of
CARVING elephants.
• The process of cutting away from a block of METAL
wood or stone and gradually revealing the • its main quality is that it can be shaped into
desired shape. any direction or formed under great
MODELING pressure without breaking due to its tensile
• the method that adds lumps or small pieces strength. it is also light compared to stone.
of something to a core and works out the BRONZE
desired shape. • Is a strong material, durable and
CASTING resistant to any atmospheric
• Sculptural process in which liquefied corrosion. it is best suited for
material is poured into a mold to create a sculptures in open or outdoor
copy of the original model. places.
FABRICATION BRASS
• employs the method of joining or fastening • Is not popularly used because of its
such as nailing, soldiering, welding, and limitations as a medium. it does not
stapling. in this process the artist builds his rust and it takes a brilliant polish.
form piece by piece.

COPPER.
• Which reddish color is
basically shaped by hammering and
can be fashioned into relief forms.
GOLD AND SILVER.
• Are used as casting materials for
small objects like medals, coins and
pieces of jewelry.
CLAY
• is naturally earthly material, generally
fragile and use for making bricks and
ceramics.
WOOD
• is perhaps easier to carve than any other
and mediums available. it can be intricately
designed and subjected into a variety of
treatment not possible with stone.
GLASS
• is a medium that is hard, brittle, non-
crystalline, more or less transparent
substances produced by fusion. This is used
to make beautiful but fragile figures.
STYLES OF SCULPTURE IN DIFFERENT ERAS:
GREEK SCULPTURE
• The Greeks believed “man is the measure of
all things” hence, their fondness of human
form, which usually head is always seen in
profile (or side view), torso (body) in frontal
view, and feet again, in the side view
(similar to Egyptian style).
GREEK SCULPTURE; DIVIDED INTO THREE
PERIODS
ANCIENT GREEK PERIOD
• Archaic style (influenced by Egyptian) - Left
leg extends forward with on bend at knee,
hips or waist, and his arms are his sides,
fists clenched.
CLASSICAL PERIOD
➢ EARLY CLASSICAL STYLE
• facial expression assumed a dignified
serenity, calm and thoughtful. not much of
emotion was shown because the emphasis NEO-CLASSCAL SCULPTURE
was on the form of the body. • this style is characterized as design features
HELLENISTIC PERIOD which are noble and the manner pieces
• Exploring the effects of movements and sculptured are refined and dignified.
deeply felt emotions. both male and female subjects are generally heroes who are
statutes were shown with every little or no devoted to sacrifice for noble cause.
clothing at all. the s-shape defines the MODERN SCULPTURE
stance of statue. • This could be seen in statues that adorned
public buildings, parks, cemetery, and other
ROMAN SCULPTURE places where people coven for aesthetic
• Unlike the Greek sculptures, which were value.
more idealistic, the roman sculptures were KINETIC SCULPTURE
regarded as realistic. it represents subject • In which movement (as a motor
as it is in the real life with its individual driven part changing electronic
imperfection. image) is a basic element. In the
One of the portrait types most characteristic 20th century the use of actual
of Rome was the head detached from the movement, kineticism, became an
body or bust. bust represented famous men important aspect of sculpture.
and women usually curved in marble. most
of their subject matter was commemorative
statues and roman senators.
MEDIEVAL SCULPTURE
• the greatest impact on sculpture during this
era (particularly Romanesque arts) was
iconography (sacred images or pictures).
primary purpose was to attract attention
and encourage worshippers to enter (most
seen around the doorway or portals). it
ended up to Gothic and Renaissance.
Another development in this period
(Romanesque art) is the translation of early
medieval manuscript interlace (joint
together) into stone relief sculpture.
BAROQUE-ROCOCO SCULPTURE
• Generally used every conceivably type of
ornamentation just like painting. the
characters are usually religious (even
mythological) figures. these are saints,
angels, cherubs, animals, metal sunburst
(sunrays) with a garland of flowers, and
scrolls. these are usually painted in gold or
wood or carved stones.