Concepts of network and internet

Present by
Susant Maharana
 Define computer network

 A computer network is an interconnection of various

computer systems located at different places. In
computer network two or more computers are linked
together with a medium and data communication
devices for the purpose of communicating data and
sharing resources.
 The computer that provides resources to other
computers on a network is known as server.
 Advantages of Computer Networks

 File Sharing: Networks offer a quick and easy way

to share files directly. Instead of using a disk or USB
key to carry files from one computer or office to
another, you can share files directly using a network.
 Advantages of Computer Networks

 Security: Specific directories can be password

protected to limit access to authorized users. Also,
files and programs on a network can be designated
as "copy inhibit" so you don't have to worry about
the illegal copying of programs.
 Advantages of Computer Networks

 Resource Sharing: All computers in the network can

share resources such as printers, fax machines,
modems, and scanners.
 Advantages of Computer Networks

 Communication: Even outside of the internet, those

on the network can communicate with each other via
electronic mail over the network system. When
connected to the internet, network users can
communicate with people around the world via the
network
 Flexible Access: Networks allow their users to access
files from computers throughout the network. This
means that a user can begin work on a project on one
computer and finish up on another. Multiple users can
also collaborate on the same project through the
network.
 Advantages of Computer Networks

 Error reduction and improve consistency:

One can reduce errors and improve consistency by
having all staff work from a single source of
information, so that standard versions of manuals
and directories can be made available, and data can
be backed up from a single point on a scheduled
basis, ensuring consistency.
 Network Application Areas

 Information retrieval systems which search for books,

technical reports, papers and articles on particular topics
 Airline reservation, hotel booking, railway-reservation,
car-rental, etc.
 Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) between banks and via
cheque clearing house.
 Games of the types that grow or change with various
enthusiasts adding to the complexity or diversity.
 Theatre, movies, and community events information.
 Shopping information, prices, and advertisements.
 Types of Network

 There are many types of computer networking which are used world
wide these days. There are some types of network that are using
Worldwide:
 LAN - Local Area Network
 WAN - Wide Area Network
 WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
 PAN - Personal Area Network
 SAN - Storage Area Network
 GAN - Global Area Network
 MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
 CAN - Controller Area Network
 DAN - Desk Area Network
 VPN - Virtual Private Network
 Local Area Network (LAN)

 Networks used to interconnect computers in a single

room, rooms within a building or buildings on one
site are called Local Area Network (LAN). LAN
transmits data with a speed of several megabits per
second (106 bits per second). The transmission
medium is normally coaxial cables.
 Major Characteristics of LAN

 • every computer has the potential to communicate

with any other computers of the network
 • high degree of interconnection between computers
 • easy physical connection of computers in a network
 • inexpensive medium of data transmission
 • high data transmission rate
 Types of Connection

 Peer To Peer Network

 In peer to peer network each computer is responsible for making
its own resources available to other computers on the network.
 Each computer is responsible for setting up and maintaining its
own security for these resources.
 Also each computer is responsible for accessing the required
network resources from peer to peer relationships.
 Peer to peer network is useful for a small network containing
less than 10 computers on a single LAN .
 In peer to peer network each computer can function as both
client and server.
 Peer to peer networks do not have a central control system.
There are no servers in peer networks.
 Peer networks are amplified into home group.
 Types of Connection

 Client/Server Network
 In client-server network relationships, certain computers act as
server and other act as clients. A server is simply a computer, that
available the network resources and provides service to other
computers when they request it. A client is the computer running a
program that requests the service from a server.
 Local area network(LAN) is based on client server network
relationship.
 A client-server network is one on which all available network
resources such as files, directories, applications and shared
devices, are centrally managed and hosted and then are accessed
by client.
 Client serve network are defined by the presence of servers on a
network that provide security and administration of the network.
 Advantages of LAN

 • The reliability of network is high because the failure

of one computer in the network does not affect the
functioning for other computers.
 • Addition of new computer to network is easy.
 • High rate of data transmission is possible.
 • Peripheral devices like magnetic disk and printer
can be shared by other computers.
Disadvantages of LAN
If the communication line fails, the entire network
system breaks down.
 Use of LAN

 • File transfers and Access

 • Word and text processing
 • Electronic message handling
 • Remote database access
 • Personal computing
 • Digital voice transmission and storage
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

 A Data network designed for a town or city. In terms

of geographic breadth, MANs are larger than LAN,
but smaller than WAN.
 MANs are usually characterized by very high-speed
connections using or other digital media.
 Characteristic of MAN

 1 The network size falls intermediate between LANs

and WANs. A MAN typically covers an area of
between 5 and 50 km range. Many MANs cover an
area the size of a city, although in some cases MANs
may be as small as a group of buildings.
 2 A MAN (like a WAN) is not generally owned by a
single organisation. The MAN, its communications
links and equipment are generally owned by either a
consortium of users or by a network service provider
who sells the service to the users
 Campus Area Network (CAN)

 A Campus Area Network or Corporate Area Network

(CAN) is a network is made up of an interconnection
of local area network within a limited geographical
area. A CAN is larger than a local area network but
smaller than a Wide area Network
 Wide Area Network (WAN)

 The term Wide Area Network is used to describe a

computer network spanning a regional, national or
global area.
 For example, for a large company the head quarters
might be at Delhi and regional branches at Bombay,
Madras, Bangalore and Calcutta. Here regional
centers are connected to head quarters through
WAN. The distance between computers connected to
WAN is larger. Therefore the transmission mediums
used are normally telephone lines, microwaves and
satellite links.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Characteristics of WAN

 Communication Facility: For a big company spanning

over different parts of the country the employees can save
long distance phone calls and it overcomes the time lag in
overseas communications. Computer conferencing is another
use of WAN where users communicate with each other
through their computer system
 Remote Data Entry: Remote data entry is possible in WAN.
It means sitting at any location you can enter data, update
data and query other information of any computer attached to
the WAN but located in other cities.
 Centralised Information:In modern computerized
environment you will find that big organizations go for
centralized data storage. This means if the organization is
spread over many cities, they keep their important business
data in a single place