“TO DETERMINE PERCENTAGE PURITY OF A GIVEN

IRON WIRE”

MADE BY:
HEMANTH C N
                                      XII
    R.NO:
                                     
CERTIFICATION

 It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine

investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed solely,
sincerely and satisfactorily by HEMANTH C N of CLASS
XII, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, regarding his project
titled “TO DETERMINE PERCENTAGE PURITY OF A
GIVEN IRON WIRE”.

““

 Examiner’s  signature        Teacher’s signature

                                                                                

Principal’s Signature
 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 

It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere

thanks to My Chemistry Teacher Ms. Kavvya P in
providing a helping hand in this project. Her valuable
guidance, support and supervision all through this
project titled “TO DETERMINE PERCENTAGE PURITY
OF A GIVEN IRON WIRE”.”, are responsible for
attaining its present form. 

THEORY
Volumetric analysis is a mode of determining the
quantity of a substance present in given solution by
allowing a definite amount of it to react quantitatively
with a solution of another substance of known
concentration. The main process of this analysis is
called titration.
Some definitions are:
 End Point: The point in the titration at which the
reaction involved in it is just complete.
  Indicator: Substance used in titration to mark
the completion of the reaction by distinct
colours.
 Titrand: The solution which is to be titrated.
 Titrant: The solution of known strength.
 Strength of solution: The amount of a substance
present in definite volume of the solution.
 Molarity: Number of moles of solute present,
per litre of the solution is called its molarity.

       Some apparatus used are:

 Measuring flask: It is flat-bottomed flask with a
long narrow neck and fitted with an airtight glass
stopper in its mouth.
                    

 Burette: It is used for delivering definite volume of

a solution into the titration flask. It is a long
graduated cylindrical glass tube with a uniform
cross-section.  
 Pipette: It is used for accurate measurements of a
definite volume of solution. It is a narrow glass
tube with a bulb in the middle and a jet at its
lower end.

Standard Solution =>

A substance can be taken as primary if it
standard

possess the following properties:

1. Should be easily available in a state of high
purity.
2. Should not be deliquescent.
3. Should not be readily soluble in water.
4. Its solution should be stable during storage.
  
Redox reaction=>
 A reaction involving simultaneous oxidation and
reduction reaction is termed as a redox reaction.
Electrons are transferred from the substance
getting oxidised to the substance getting reduced.
e.g;         2Fe + Sn 🡪 Sn + 2Fe
3+ 2+ 4+ 2+

Here Fe is reduced to Fe and Sn is oxidised to Sn

3+  2+ 2+ 4+

.
In titration, the reducing agent is titrated against a
standard oxidising agent or vice or versa.
Oxidation=>
The loss of one or more electrons by an atom or an
ion is termed as oxidation.
e.g; change of oxalate ion to CO ; 2

COO -

  |          🡪    2CO + 2e 2
-

COO -

Reduction=>
The gain of one or more electrons by an atom or
an ion is termed as Reduction.
e.g;  MnO + 8H + 5e 🡪 Mn + 4H O
-
4
+ - +
2 2

Here, permanganate ion gains 5 electrons and

changes to mangenous   ions.
 

Equivalent mass of an oxidising agent=>

 It is the ratio of molecular mass of the substance
to the total number of electrons gained by 1 mole
of substance during the reaction.
e.g.:
Equivalent mass of KMnO : 4

(in acidic medium) = 158/5 = 31.6 gm

Equivalent mass of an redusing agent=>
It is the ratio of the molecular mass of the 
Substance to the total number of electrons lost by 
1 mole of substance during the reaction.
e.g. 
Equivalent mass of an oxalate ion is 88/2g = 44gm

PROCEDURE
1. Preparation of standard solution of oxalic
acid containing gm. Of oxalic acid:
a.0.126gm of oxalic acid was weighed in a beam
balance and transferred into a 100ml
measuring cylinder using a funnel. Oxalic acid
sticking to the sides of funnel was washed
 with distilled water and then solution was
made to 100 ml.
b.Measuring cylinder was shaken well and  
oxalic acid solution of 0.01M was obtained.
2. Preparation of 1M sulphuric acid solution
from 18M sulphuric acid  solution :
a. A little amount was distilled water was taken
in a 250ml measuring cylinder.
13.9ml of 18M H SO was poured into
2 4

measuring cylinder drop by drop and

allowed it to cool for some time before
resuming with addition of distilled water.
b.After all the sulphuric acid has been
added to the solution it was made up to
the 250ml mark by adding distilled water.
A sulphuric acid solution of approx. 1M
was obtained.
3. Preparation of ferrous sulphate solution
a. dissolved in conc. H SO   as it weighed approx.
2 4

3.10 gm.
b.After sometime iron nail was weighed again
and was found to be 2.51 gm.
c. Then it was dissolved in 1M H SO  solution to
2 4

make FeSO solution in a separate flask.

4
4.Filtration of impurities from ferrous sulphate 
solution and dilution of filtrate:
a.The above solution was filtered into a 250 ml
measuring cylinder using funnel on which a
filter paper was kept to hold the impurities.
b.The 150 ml filtrate was then diluted to 250 ml
volume by adding distilled water through
funnel.
5. Preparation of 0.026M potassium
permanganate solution:
a. 0.316 gm of   potassium permanganate was
weighed in a beam balance and transferred
into a 100ml measuring cylinder using a
funnel. Distilled water was then added till the
level of solution reached 100ml mark.
b.A potassium permanganate solution of
approx. 0.02M was obtained.
6.Titration for standardisation of KMnO 4

solution:
The KMnO solution was standardised using
4

0.01M oxalic acid solution and exact molarity

of KMnO was determined.
4

7. Determination of percentage purity of iron

wire:
a.10 ml of ferrous sulphate solution was
pipetted out in a flask already rinsed with the
solution and titrated against standard KMnO 4

solution till concordant readings were

obtained.
b.The percentage of iron was then calculated
using the above information.