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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2. INTRODUCTION 3. HISTORY OF SOFT DRINKS 4. THEORY 5. AIM 6. APPARATUS & CHEMICALS 7. PROCEDURE A. pH B. Test for Carbon Dioxide C. Test for Glucose D. Test for Phosphate E. Test for Alcohol F. Test for Sucrose 8. RESULT 9. CONCLUSION 10. BIBIOGRAPHY
1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our Chemistry teachers, Mrs.Malini and Mrs. Sri Vidya, for their kind help without which this project would not have been possible. We would also like to thank our lab assistant Ms.Ambika for her extraordinary help and support.
THEORY
Soft drinks are generally composed of alcohol, carbgohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. Soft drinks induce a sense of warmth and lightness. They taste tangy or sweet. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of fizz on shaking the bottle. It is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which is responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds and are a major source of energy for our body. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cx (H20)y. On the basis of their behavior on hydrolysis, carbohydrates are classified ad: Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H1206. It occurs freely in nature: in ripe grapes, honey, sweet fruits etc. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is readily available in nature; in juices, seeds and in many flowers. The main source of sucrose is sugar can juice which contains 15-20% of sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose in C 12H22 011. It hydrolyses to give a mixture of glucose and fructose. Cold drinks are acidic in nature, due to presence of citric acid, phosphoric acid, caffeine etc. It's acidity can be measured by measuring the pH value.
AIM:
To study and qualitatively analyze the contents of soft drinks available in the market.
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Chemicals: Iodine Solution Potassium Iodide Sodium Hydroxide Lime Water Fehling's A&B Solution Concentrated Nitric Acid Benedict Solution Ammonium Molybdate
PROCEDURE:
A. pH
Experiment:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and put on the pH paper. The change in colour of pH paper was noticed and was compared with standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION:
Sl.No Narne Of The Drink
1
,.
2 3
Inference:
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of different brand are different due to the variation in amount of acidic content.
Observation SL.NO
1 2
Inference All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
Chemical Reaction:
Ca(OH)2(s) + C02 (g) CaC03 (s) + H20(s)
Experiment:
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-
1. Benedict's reagent Test:Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict's reagent were added. The test tube was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose in cold dimks.
Observation: Sl.No Name of the Observation Drink 1 Coca Cola Reddish Colour Precipitate 2 Sprite Reddish Colour Precipitate Reddish Colour Precipitate Conclusion Glucose is Present Glucose is Present Glucose is Present
Fanta
Inference:
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict's reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
Observation: Sl.No
1
Sprite
Fanta
Inference: All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling's (A &B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
D. TESTFORPHOSPHATE
Experiment: Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to if The solution was heated. Appearance of canary yeallow precipitate
Observation: Sl.No Name of the Drink 1 Coca Cola Canary Yellow Precipitate 2 Sprite Canary Yellow Precipitate 3 Fanta Canary Yellow Precipitate Inference: All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate. Phosphate is Present Phosphate is Present Phosphate is Present Observation Conclusion
COCA COLA
YELLOWPPT
ALCOHOL IS PRESENT
SPRITE
YELLOWPPT
ALCOHOL IS PRESENT
FANTA
YELLOWPPT
ALCOHOL IS PRESENT
Inference: All the Brands of Cold Drinks Contain Alcohol. Chemical Reaction: CH3CH20H+4I2+4NaOH
--7
Experiment: 5ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
Observation: Sl.No
1
Black Residue
Sucrose is Present
Fanta
Black Residue
Sucrose is Present
Inference: All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
Result: After conduction several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold drinks namely: 1. Coca Cola 2. Sprite 3. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic.
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.google.com www .icbse.net www .about.com NCERT textbook for class XII