THE STUDY OF APHIDS ON HORSE GRAM PLANTS AT GOTIKHEL , LALIPUR .

A report in partial fulfillment of the requirements of practical examination of Zoology

(Zool. 102) in Bachelor of Science .

Submitted to :

Department of Zoology
Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus
Tribhuvan University
Kathmandu, Nepal

By :

Bishal Timalsina
237
2077
 Page No. :- i

CERTIFICATE :

This is to certify that

Bishal Timalsina a B.Sc 1st year student of this Campus with Roll number 237 and TU
Registration number ------------------------------has prepared the report on “ THE STUDY OF
APHIDS ON HORSE GRAM PLANTS AT GOTIKHEL , LALIPUR . ”, as part of the
completion of Yearly Examination as per syllabus of B.Sc. 1st year , Tribhuvan University .
He is offering Zoology / Botany / Chemistry stream and also completed the laboratory work
satisfactorily .

Teacher in charge:

……………………
Department of Zoology
Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus

2
 Page No. :- ii

ACKNOWLEGEMENT :
I am extremely grateful and extend the word of appreciation to Department of Zoology,
Trichandra Multiple Campus , Ghataghar , Kathmandu . I owe the lot to our respected teacher,
Prof. Dr. Mohan Prasad Niraula for his advice and feedback during the study period to
complete my research . He also helped to choose my topic by showing and teaching
different organisms behavior and their ways of study . My sincere appreciation to our
teacher’s as well as the Head of Department Prof. Dr. Geeta Sharma Acharya for helping
study as well as writing technique and provide effective concentration on our research . I
am extremely grateful to my parent for helping emotionally as well as different activities
of research .

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS :

CERTIFICATE
i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 -5

3 RESULTS 6- 8

4 CONCLUSION 9

4
 5 REFERENCES 10

Page No. :- 1

1. INTRODUCTION :

Aphids is a arthropods that is black broad and soft body , a member of the
order hemiptera found on the surface of plant . They are blackish , greenish , brown , pink , or
almost colorless in colour ( Wikipedia ) . They acts as a parasite or predator in nature . They
are found in different part of plant like stem , leaves , flowers and also found in outer part
of the plants . The black bean aphids are also found in - 32 °C ( Wikipedia ) .
The total area of Gotikhel is 9.95Km² . There are about 1855 households in this village .
It is about 42 km far from capital (Wikipedia). The main occupation of the people are
agriculture and animal husbandry . My research is about the study of abundance and
distribution of aphids in horse gram plants . I choose this topic because (Ms. Neupane , Mr.
Subedi and Mr. Darai ) recently studying in aphids but little or no studied in Gotikhel .

• Objective :

To study the abundance and distribution of aphids in different height of the stem of
horse gram plants .

5
 Page No. :- 2
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS :
2.1 Study Area :

Map of the area – geographical location :

Map of Nepal showing Lalitpur district .

6
 Page No. :- 3

Map of Lalitpur showing Gotikhel .

Page No. :- 4

7
Map of Research place .

• Area under study :

The area is about 95.4 m² in total but only the amount of plants is in
3.

• Time and duration :

The time is in between 2 : 30 to 3 : 30 PM . The duration is in 1 hrs at research
day i.e. Jan 3 , 2021

• Description of physical factors during study :

The time was in only one in three plants of three different height of the
stem . So the physical condition was same in these three plants . During the time of the
research , the temperature was about 12 – 22°C . But the air was dried condition i. e. low
humidity condition . During the period of research , the soil is mostly dry slightly watery
conditions .The mixture of soil water is in low amount . The plant’s body is about 5 –
15°C temperature . The longitude and latitude were 27°30’10”N and 85°23’16”E .

2.2 Data Collection :

I had been collected my data by using the pen , thread , scale and copy .
I was used the scale to determined the length of thread to collect same area . Then , I
had been took the same length and breadth and collected the data or the number of
black gram aphids . Then I was written the total number of aphids . I had been them in
per 1cm² . The aphids is very sticky , so I was also collected their number in thread also
which were collected in thread during taking their area . I was studied about 1 hours in
January 3 , 2021 . I was studied only at the day time . I was studied in horse gram
plants of their stem but not possible for me to studied in leaves because it is less
number in leaves . Sunlight is slightly present directly in research day .

8
 Image of research place

The photograph was taken from camera of Huawei 2017 .

2.3 Method of Identification :

The studied organism was identified by Online sources ( Wikipedia ).

2.4 Data Analysis :

Aphids were counted per cm² from different height of stem of a horse bean
plants except bottom ( because it was not present in bottom or certain height of
ground ) .
Page No. :- 5

9
 Page No. :- 6

3. RESULT :

The abundance and distribution of aphid varied greatly within the different height of the
stem of same horse gram plants .( Table 1 )

Table 1 : Abundance (individuals cm²) of aphids in different height of stem with different
horse gram plants.

No. of Aphids Top Middle Bottom

Horse bean plants

Plant No. 1 59 33 15

Plant No. 2 45 38 8

Plant No. 3 46 38 18

The aphids was mostly found in top region whereas it was found low
amount in bottom region at certain height . In top of the stem of first plant are found at
higher amount . In middle part , there were found normal or middle amount and at low
region of research stem , there were found low amount of aphids . Similarly , In second plant
, higher amount of aphids are found in top region . In middle part of stem , normal amount
of aphids are found in stem and low amount of aphids are found in the lower part of
research stem . Also in third plants , high amount of aphids are found in top region , normal
amount of aphids are found in middle region and low amount of aphids are found in low
region of research stem .

The abundance was higher in top or dorsal surface and was low in lower height of
studies stem ( bottom or ventral surface ) .

Identification data:
Place of collection : Gotikhel , Lalitpur
Date & Time of Collection : 2021/01/03 ; 2 : 30 - 3 : 30 PM
Type of Habitat : An erect plant’s stem

10
Image of first plants .

Image of second plant . Page No. :- 7

11
Image of third plant .

Scientific name : Aphis sp.

Local name : Aphids
Common name : lai Kira ( Nepali Name )
Color in fresh : blackish

Remark : Aphids were sticky in nature . They are covering the body of horse gram plants .
When the aphids were touched , it stick to our hand and tried to remove it , it’s body burst
and seen blood like traces which were red in colour and very sticky .
Systematic position :

Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Insecta
Order : Hemiptera
Sub-order : Sternorrhyncha
Family : Aphididae
Genus : Aphis ( Wikipedia )
Page No. :- 8

12
 Page No. :- 9

4. CONCLUSION :

In horse gram plants of all three plants , higher amount of aphids are found in top region
i.e. 59 , 45 and 46 respectively . Low amount of aphids are found in lower region where
the research takes place i.e 15 , 8 and 18 respectively . In middle region , medium amount
of aphids are found in stem of horse gram plants i.e. ( 33 , 38 and 38 respectively ) . So ,
the abundance of aphids are low in bottom and high in top region . Therefore , height also
affect the growth of aphids .

13
 Page No. :- 10

5. REFERENCES :

i. Neupane , Saraswati ; Subedi , Subash and Darai , Rajendra . 2020 . Field Screening
of Lentil Genotypes against Aphid Infestation in Inner Tarai of Nepal . A report
submitted to Nepal Agricultural Research Council , National Maize Research
Program , Rampur , Chitwan , Nepal

ii. WIKIPEDIA 2020 . Aphid . https://www.google.com/url?

sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphid%23:~:text
%3DAphids%2520are%2520small%2520sap%252Dsucking,the%2520fluffy
%2520white%2520woolly%2520aphids.&ved=2ahUKEwj-
rpfpnK_uAhVzILcAHQGvCxAQFjAOegQIKhAE&usg=AOvVaw1YHNQlWbHIZPl
w26spYnge accessed on 17 January , 2021 .

iii. WIKIPEDIA 2020 . Black bean aphid https://www.google.com/url?

sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bean_aphid&ved
=2ahUKEwidtpiZn6_uAhWRX3wKHcGBCyoQFjAgegQIEBAB&usg=AOvVaw0qQp
M72cyAR accessed on 17 January , 2021 .

iv. . WIKIPEDIA 2020 . Gotikhel . https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotikhel ., accessed

on 24 December, 2020 .

14