List of sovereign states

The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around

the world with information on their status and recognition of their
sovereignty.

The 208 listed states can be divided into three categories based on
membership within the United Nations System: 193 member states,[1] 2
GA observer states, and 13 other states. The sovereignty dispute column
indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states), states having
disputed sovereignty (18 states, of which there are 6 member states, 1
GA observer state, and 11 other states), and states having a special
political status (2 states).

Compiling a list such as this can be a complicated and controversial Flags of the United Nations member and
process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the non-member GA observer states in front of
community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more the Palace of Nations in Geneva,
Switzerland
information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list,
please see the criteria for inclusion section below. The list is intended to
include entities that have been recognised as having de facto status as
sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.

Contents
Criteria for inclusion
List of states
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography

Criteria for inclusion

The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was
codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it
"possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d)
a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in
the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".[2]

Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory
of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the
other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if
it is recognised as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:

consider themselves sovereign (through a declaration of independence or some other means) and are
often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood, or
are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member state
Note that in some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity
satisfies it is disputed. Unique political entities which fail to meet the classification of a sovereign state are considered
proto-states.[3][4]

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 208 entities:[5][a]

205 states recognised by at least one UN member state

Two states that satisfy the declarative theory of statehood and are recognised only by non-UN member
states: Artsakh and Transnistria
One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state:
Somaliland

The table includes bullets representing entities which are either not sovereign states or have a close association to
another sovereign state. It also includes subnational areas where the sovereignty of the titular state is limited by an
international agreement. Taken together, these include:

States in a free association relationship to another state

Two entities controlled by Pakistan which are neither sovereign states, dependent territories, or part of
another state: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan
Dependent territories of another state, as well as areas that exhibit many characteristics of dependent
territories according to the dependent territory page
Subnational entities created by international agreements

List of states
 Further information on
Membership within Sovereignty
Common and formal names status and recognition of
the UN System[b] dispute[c]
sovereignty[e]

↓ UN member states and General

Assembly observer states ↓
Abkhazia → See Abkhazia listing
Afghanistan The de facto ruling
government, the  Islamic
Emirate of Afghanistan, has
not been recognised by any
state. The United Nations
UN member state None continues to recognise the
 Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan as the
government of
Afghanistan.[6][7]

 Albania – Republic of Albania UN member state None

 Algeria – People's Democratic

UN member state None
Republic of Algeria
 Andorra – Principality of Andorra Andorra is a co-principality in
which the office of head of
state is jointly held ex officio
by the French president and
UN member state None the bishop of the Roman
Catholic diocese of Urgell,[8]
who himself is appointed with
approval from the Holy See.

 Angola – Republic of Angola UN member state None

 Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda is a

Commonwealth realm[f] with
UN member state None
one autonomous region,
Barbuda.[g]

 Argentina – Argentine Republic[h] Argentina is a federation of

UN member state None 23 provinces and one
autonomous city.[i]

 Armenia – Republic of Armenia Armenia is not recognised by

Not recognised by
UN member state Pakistan due to the dispute
Pakistan.
over Artsakh.[11][12][13]

Artsakh → See Artsakh listing

 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia is a Commonwealth
Australia realm[f] and a federation of
both states and territories.
There are six states, three
internal territories, six
external territories and one
claimed Antarctic external
territory. The external
territories of Australia are:

 Ashmore and Cartier

Islands
UN member state None
 Christmas Island
 Cocos (Keeling)
Islands
 Coral Sea Islands
Territory
 Heard Island and
McDonald Islands
 Norfolk Island
 Australian Antarctic
Territory

 Austria – Republic of Austria UN member state None Member of the European

Union.[d] Austria is a
 federation of nine states.

 Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan contains one

autonomous region,
UN member state None Nakhchivan [g] The de facto
state of Artsakh has been
established in the southwest
of Azerbaijan.

 Bahamas, The – Commonwealth of The Bahamas is a

UN member state None Commonwealth realm.[f]
The Bahamas[15]
 Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain UN member state None

 Bangladesh – People's Republic of

UN member state None
Bangladesh
 Barbados UN member state None

 Belarus – Republic of Belarus UN member state None

 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Member of the EU.[d]

Belgium is a federation of
UN member state None
three linguistic communities
and three regions.

 Belize Belize is a Commonwealth

UN member state None
realm.[f]

 Benin – Republic of Benin UN member state None

 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan UN member state None

 Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia UN member state None

 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina has

two constituent entities:

 Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina
 Republika Srpska
UN member state None
and Brčko District, a
self-governing
administrative
district.[16]

 Botswana – Republic of Botswana UN member state None

 Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil Brazil is a federation of 26

UN member state None states and one federal
district.

 Brunei – Nation of Brunei, the Abode

UN member state None
of Peace
 Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Burkina Faso UN member state None

Burma → See Myanmar listing

 Burundi – Republic of Burundi UN member state None

 Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia UN member state None

 Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon UN member state None

 Canada[j] Canada is a Commonwealth

realm[f] and a federation of
UN member state None
ten provinces and three
territories.

 Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo

UN member state None
Verde[k]
  Central African Republic UN member state None

 Chad – Republic of Chad UN member state None

[l]
 Chile – Republic of Chile UN member state None

 China – People's Republic of China[m] China contains five

autonomous regions,
Guangxi, Inner Mongolia,
Ningxia, Tibet, and
Xinjiang.[g] Additionally, it
has sovereignty over the
Special Administrative
Regions of:

 Hong Kong
 Macau

China claims, but

does not control
Taiwan, which is
Partially unrecognised. governed by a rival
UN member state Claimed by the
Republic of China administration (the
Republic of China)
that claims all of
China as its territory.[n]

China is not
recognised by 14 UN
member states and
Vatican City, which,
with the exception of
Bhutan, all recognise
the Republic of China
(Taiwan) instead.[o]

China, Republic of → See Taiwan listing

 Colombia – Republic of Colombia UN member state None

 Comoros – Union of the Comoros Comoros is a federation of

UN member state None
three islands.[p]

 Congo, Democratic Republic of

UN member state None
the[q]

 Congo, Republic of the[r] UN member state None

Cook Islands → See Cook Islands listing

 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica UN member state None

Côte d'Ivoire → See Ivory Coast listing

 Croatia – Republic of Croatia UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Cuba – Republic of Cuba UN member state None

 Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus UN member state Not recognised by Member of the EU.[d] The
Turkey[19] northeastern part of the
island is the de facto state of
Northern Cyprus.

Cyprus is not
recognised by Turkey
due to the Cyprus
 dispute, with Turkey
recognising Northern
Cyprus.

 Czech Republic[s] UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

Democratic People's Republic of Korea → See Korea, North listing

Democratic Republic of the Congo → See Congo, Democratic Republic of the listing
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Member of the EU.[d] The
Kingdom of Denmark
includes 2 self-governing
territories:

 Faroe Islands
 Greenland

The metropolitan
territory of Denmark,
the Faroe Islands and
UN member state None Greenland form the
three constituent
countries of the
Kingdom.[t] The
Kingdom of Denmark
as a whole is a
member of the EU, but
EU law does not apply
to the Faroe Islands
and Greenland.[20][21]

 Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti UN member state None

 Dominica – Commonwealth of
UN member state None
Dominica
 Dominican Republic UN member state None

Donetsk People's Republic → See Donetsk People's Republic listing

 East Timor – Democratic Republic of
UN member state None
Timor-Leste[u]
 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador UN member state None

 Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt UN member state None

 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador UN member state None

 Equatorial Guinea – Republic of

UN member state None
Equatorial Guinea
 Eritrea – State of Eritrea UN member state None

 Estonia – Republic of Estonia UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Eswatini – Kingdom of Eswatini[v] UN member state None

 Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Ethiopia is a federation of

Republic of Ethiopia UN member state None nine regions and two
chartered cities.

 Fiji – Republic of Fiji Fiji contains one autonomous

UN member state None
region, Rotuma.[g][22][23]

 Finland – Republic of Finland UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Åland is a neutral
and demilitarised
 autonomous region of
Finland.[g][w]

 France – French Republic Member of the EU.[d] France

contains five overseas
regions/departments; French
Guiana, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Mayotte, and
Réunion. France also
includes the overseas
territories of:

 Clipperton Island
UN member state None  French Polynesia
 New Caledonia
 Saint Barthélemy
 Saint Martin
 Saint Pierre and
Miquelon
 Wallis and Futuna
 French Southern
and Antarctic Lands[x]

 Gabon – Gabonese Republic UN member state None

 Gambia, The – Republic of The

UN member state None
Gambia[24]
 Georgia Georgia contains two
autonomous republics,
Adjara and Abkhazia.[g] The
UN member state None latter is under the de facto
control of Abkhazia, in South
Ossetia de facto state has
been formed.

 Germany – Federal Republic of Member of the EU.[d]

Germany UN member state None Germany is a federation of 16
states.

 Ghana – Republic of Ghana UN member state None

 Greece – Hellenic Republic Member of the EU.[d] Greece

UN member state None contains one autonomous
area, Mount Athos.[25]

 Grenada Grenada is a Commonwealth

UN member state None
realm.[f]

 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala UN member state None

 Guinea – Republic of Guinea[y] UN member state None

 Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-

UN member state None
Bissau
 Guyana – Co-operative Republic of
UN member state None
Guyana
 Haiti – Republic of Haiti UN member state None

Holy See → See Vatican City listing

 Honduras – Republic of Honduras UN member state None

 Hungary UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Iceland[z] – Republic of Iceland UN member state None

 India – Republic of India India is a federation of 28

UN member state None states and eight union
territories.

 Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia UN member state None Indonesia has five

autonomous provinces,
Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West
Papua, and Yogyakarta.[g]
  Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran UN member state None

 Iraq – Republic of Iraq Iraq is a federation[p][29] of

19 governorates, four of
UN member state None which make up the
autonomous Kurdistan
Region.[g]

 Ireland[aa] UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Israel – State of Israel Israel exerts strong control

over the territory claimed by
Palestine. It has annexed
East Jerusalem,[31] an act
not recognised by the
international community.[32]
Israel has varying levels of
control over the rest of the
West Bank, and although it
ended its permanent civilian
or military presence in the
Gaza Strip, it is still
considered to be the
occupying power under
international
law.[33][34][35][36]

Israel is not
UN member state Partially unrecognised recognised as a state
by 28 UN members
and the Sahrawi Arab
Democratic Republic.
The Palestine
Liberation
Organization,
recognised by a
majority of UN
member states as the
representative of the
Palestinian people,
recognised Israel in
1993.

 Italy – Italian Republic Member of the EU.[d] Italy

has 5 autonomous regions,
Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia
UN member state None
Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and
Trentino-Alto
Adige/Südtirol.[g]

 Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte

UN member state None
d'Ivoire[ab]
 Jamaica Jamaica is a Commonwealth
UN member state None
realm.[f]

 Japan UN member state None

 Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of

UN member state None
Jordan
 Kazakhstan – Republic of
UN member state None
Kazakhstan
 Kenya – Republic of Kenya UN member state None

 Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati UN member state None

 Korea, North – Democratic People's UN member state Claimed by South North Korea is not
Republic of Korea Korea recognised by three UN
members, France, Japan,
 and South Korea, the last of
which claims to be the sole
legitimate government of
Korea.[37]

 Korea, South – Republic of Korea South Korea has one

autonomous region,
Jejudo.[g][38]

South Korea is not

Claimed by North
UN member state recognised by North
Korea
Korea, which claims to
be the sole legitimate
government of Korea.

Kosovo → See Kosovo listing

 Kuwait – State of Kuwait UN member state None

 Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic UN member state None

 Laos – Lao People's Democratic

UN member state None
Republic
 Latvia – Republic of Latvia UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Lebanon – Lebanese Republic UN member state None

 Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho UN member state None

 Liberia – Republic of Liberia UN member state None

 Libya – State of Libya UN member state None

 Liechtenstein – Principality of
UN member state None
Liechtenstein
 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

Luhansk People's Republic → See Luhansk People's Republic listing

 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Member of the EU.[d]
UN member state None
Luxembourg
Macedonia → See North Macedonia listing
 Madagascar – Republic of
UN member state None
Madagascar
 Malawi – Republic of Malawi UN member state None

 Malaysia – Federation of Malaysia Malaysia is a federation of 13

UN member state None states and three federal
territories.

 Maldives – Republic of Maldives UN member state None

 Mali – Republic of Mali UN member state None

 Malta – Republic of Malta UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Marshall Islands – Republic of the Under Compact of Free

Marshall Islands UN member state None Association with the United
States.

 Mauritania – Islamic Republic of

UN member state None
Mauritania
 Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius Mauritius has an
UN member state None autonomous island,
Rodrigues.[g]

 Mexico – United Mexican States UN member state None Mexico is a federation of 31

states and one autonomous
city.
 The Rebel Zapatista
Autonomous
Municipalities have de
facto autonomy.

 Micronesia – Federated States of Under Compact of Free

Micronesia Association with the United
UN member state None States. The Federated States
of Micronesia is a federation
of four states.

 Moldova – Republic of Moldova Moldova has the

autonomous regions of
Gagauzia and the Left Bank
UN member state None of the Dniester. The latter and
a city, Bender (Tighina), is
under the de facto control of
Transnistria.

 Monaco – Principality of Monaco UN member state None

 Mongolia UN member state None

 Montenegro UN member state None

 Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco Part of the Moroccan-claimed

Western Sahara is controlled
UN member state None by the partially recognised
Sahrawi Arab Democratic
Republic.

 Mozambique – Republic of
UN member state None
Mozambique
 Myanmar – Republic of the Union of Wa State is a de facto
autonomous state within
Myanmar[ac] Myanmar. The United
Nations currently recognises
the National Unity
UN member state None Government of Myanmar as
the government of Myanmar
instead of the de facto ruling
government, the State
Administration Council.[7]

Nagorno-Karabakh → See Artsakh listing

 Namibia – Republic of Namibia UN member state None

 Nauru – Republic of Nauru UN member state None

   Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic Nepal is a federation

UN member state None composed of 7 provinces.
of Nepal
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the UN member state None Member of the EU.[d] The
Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands
includes four areas with
substantial autonomy:

 Aruba
 Curaçao
 Netherlands
 Sint Maarten

Metropolitan
Netherlands, Aruba,
Curaçao and Sint
Maarten form the four
constituent countries
of the Kingdom. Three
overseas parts of the
Netherlands (Bonaire,
 Saba and Sint
Eustatius) are special
municipalities of
metropolitan
Netherlands.[ad] The
Kingdom of the
Netherlands as a
whole is a member of
the EU, but EU law
applies only to parts
within Europe.

 New Zealand New Zealand is a

Commonwealth realm,[f] and
has one dependent territory
and one claimed Antarctic
dependent territory:

 Tokelau
 Ross Dependency

The New Zealand

Government acts for
the entire Realm of
New Zealand in all
international contexts,
which has
responsibilities for (but
no rights of control
UN member state None over) two freely
associated states:

 Cook Islands
 Niue

The Cook Islands and

Niue have diplomatic
relations with 49 and
18 UN members
respectively.[39][40]
They have full treaty-
making capacity in the
UN,[41] and are
members of some UN
specialized agencies.

 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Nicaragua contains two

autonomous regions,
UN member state None Atlántico Sur and Atlántico
Norte.[g]

 Niger – Republic of the Niger UN member state None

 Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria Nigeria is a federation of 36

UN member state None states and one federal
territory.

Niue → See Niue listing

North Korea → See Korea, North listing
 North Macedonia – Republic of North
UN member state None
Macedonia[ae]
Northern Cyprus → See Northern Cyprus listing
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway Norway has two
unincorporated areas in
Europe:

 Svalbard is an
integral part of Norway,
but has a special status
due to the Svalbard
Treaty.
 Jan Mayen is an
uninhabited island that is
an integral part of
Norway, although
unincorporated.
UN member state None
Norway has one
dependent territory
and two claimed
Antarctic dependent
territories in the
Southern Hemisphere:

 Bouvet Island
 Peter I Island
 Queen Maud Land

 Oman – Sultanate of Oman UN member state None

 Pakistan – Islamic Republic of UN member state None Pakistan is a federation of

four provinces and one
Pakistan
capital territory. Pakistan
exercises control over certain
portions of Kashmir, but has
not officially annexed any of
it,[42][43] instead regarding it
as a disputed territory.[44][45]
The portions that it controls
are divided into two
territories, administered
separately from Pakistan
proper:

 Azad Kashmir
 Gilgit-Baltistan

Azad Kashmir
describes itself as a
"self-governing state
under Pakistani
control", while Gilgit-
Baltistan is described
in its governance
order as a group of
"areas" with self-
government.[46][47][48]
These territories are
not usually regarded
as sovereign, as they
do not fulfil the criteria
set out by the
declarative theory of
statehood (for
example, their current
laws do not allow
them to engage
 independently in
relations with other
states). Several state
functions of these
territories (such as
foreign affairs and
defence) are
performed by
Pakistan.[47][49][50]

 Palau – Republic of Palau Under Compact of Free

UN member state None Association with the United
States.

 Palestine – State of Palestine The State of Palestine,

declared in 1988, is not
recognised as a state by
Israel but has received
diplomatic recognition from
138 states.[51] The
proclaimed state has no
agreed territorial borders, or
effective control over much of
the territory that it
proclaimed.[52] The
Palestinian National
UN General Assembly
Authority is an interim
observer state;
Partially unrecognised. administrative body formed
member of 2 UN as a result of the Oslo
specialized agencies Accords that exercises
limited autonomous
jurisdiction within the
Palestinian territories. In
foreign relations, Palestine is
represented by the Palestine
Liberation Organization.[53]
The State of Palestine is a
member state of
UNESCO,[54] UNIDO and
other international
organizations.[55]

 Panama – Republic of Panama UN member state None

 Papua New Guinea – Independent Papua New Guinea is a

State of Papua New Guinea Commonwealth realm[f] with
UN member state None
one autonomous region,
Bougainville.[g]

 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay UN member state None

 Peru – Republic of Peru UN member state None

 Philippines – Republic of the The Philippines contains one

Philippines UN member state None autonomous region,
Bangsamoro.[g]

 Poland – Republic of Poland UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Portugal – Portuguese Republic Member of the EU.[d]

Portugal contains two
UN member state None
autonomous regions, the
Azores and Madeira.[g]

Pridnestrovie → See Transnistria listing

 Qatar – State of Qatar UN member state None
Republic of Korea → See Korea, South listing
Republic of the Congo → See Congo, Republic of the listing
 Romania UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Russia – Russian Federation UN member state None Russia is a federation of

 85 federal subjects
(republics, oblasts, krais,
autonomous okrugs, federal
cities, and an autonomous
oblast). Several of the federal
subjects are ethnic
republics.[g]

 Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda UN member state None

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing
 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis is a
Saint Christopher and Nevis Commonwealth realm[f] and
UN member state None
is a federation[p] of two
islands, St. Kitts and Nevis.

 Saint Lucia Saint Lucia is a

UN member state None
Commonwealth realm.[f]

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the

UN member state None Grenadines is a
Commonwealth realm.[f]

 Samoa – Independent State of

UN member state None
Samoa
 San Marino – Republic of San Marino UN member state None

 São Tomé and Príncipe – São Tomé and Príncipe

Democratic Republic of São Tomé and UN member state None contains one autonomous
Príncipe province, Príncipe.[g]

 Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi

UN member state None
Arabia
 Senegal – Republic of Senegal UN member state None

 Serbia – Republic of Serbia Serbia contains two

autonomous regions,
Vojvodina and Kosovo and
UN member state None
Metohija.[g] The latter is
under the de facto control of
Kosovo.

 Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles UN member state None

 Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra

UN member state None
Leone
 Singapore – Republic of Singapore UN member state None

 Slovakia – Slovak Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

 Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is a

UN member state None
Commonwealth realm.[f]

 Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia is a federation of six

Somalia states. Two, Puntland and
Galmudug, have self-
UN member state None
declared autonomy, while
one, Somaliland, is de facto
independent.

Somaliland → See Somaliland listing

 South Africa – Republic of South
UN member state None
Africa
South Korea → See Korea, South listing
South Ossetia → See South Ossetia listing
 South Sudan – Republic of South UN member state None South Sudan is a federation
Sudan of 10 states and three
administrative areas.
 The Abyei Area is a zone
with "special
administrative status"
established by the
Comprehensive Peace
Agreement in 2005. It is
de jure a condominium of
South Sudan and Sudan,
but de facto administered
by two competing
administrations and the
United Nations.[56][57]

 Spain – Kingdom of Spain Member of the EU.[d] Spain is

divided into 17 autonomous
UN member state None
communities and two special
autonomous cities.[g][af]

 Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist

UN member state None
Republic of Sri Lanka[ag]
 Sudan – Republic of the Sudan Sudan is a federation of 18
states.

The Abyei Area is a zone

with "special
administrative status"
established by the
UN member state None Comprehensive Peace
Agreement in 2005. It is
de jure a condominium of
South Sudan and Sudan,
but de facto administered
by two competing
administrations and the
United Nations.[56][57]

Sudan, South → See South Sudan listing

 Suriname – Republic of Suriname UN member state None

Swaziland → See Eswatini listing

 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden UN member state None Member of the EU.[d]

  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation Switzerland is a federation of

UN member state None
26 cantons.

 Syria – Syrian Arab Republic The Syrian National

Coalition, which is
recognised as the legitimate
representative of the Syrian
people by 20 UN members,
has established an interim
government to rule rebel
UN member state None controlled territory during the
Syrian civil war.

Syria has one self-

declared autonomous
region: Rojava.

Taiwan (Republic of China) → See Taiwan listing

 Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan Tajikistan contains one
autonomous region, Gorno-
UN member state None Badakhshan Autonomous
Province.[g]

 Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania contains one

Tanzania UN member state None autonomous region,
Zanzibar.[g]

 Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand UN member state None

The Bahamas → See Bahamas, The listing

The Gambia → See Gambia, The listing
Timor-Leste → See East Timor listing
 Togo – Togolese Republic UN member state None

 Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga UN member state None

Transnistria → See Transnistria listing

 Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago UN member state None contains one autonomous
region, Tobago.[g]

 Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia UN member state None

 Turkey – Republic of Turkey UN member state None

 Turkmenistan – Republic of
UN member state None
Turkmenistan
 Tuvalu Tuvalu is a Commonwealth
UN member state None
realm.[f]

 Uganda – Republic of Uganda UN member state None

 Ukraine Ukraine contains one

autonomous region, the
Autonomous Republic of
Crimea,[g] which is under the
de facto control of Russia,
UN member state None along with neighbouring
Sevastopol. Parts of the
Donetsk and Luhansk
Oblasts are under the de
facto control of Donetsk and
Luhansk People's Republics.

 United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is

UN member state None a federation of seven
emirates.

 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland
UN member state None The United Kingdom is a
Commonwealth realm[f]
consisting of four constituent
countries; England, Northern
Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
The United Kingdom has the
following 13 overseas
territories and one claimed
Antarctic dependent territory:

 Akrotiri and
Dhekelia
 Anguilla
 Bermuda
 British Indian Ocean
Territory
 British Virgin Islands
 Cayman Islands
 Falkland Islands
 Gibraltar
 Montserrat
 Pitcairn Islands
 Saint Helena,
Ascension and Tristan da
Cunha
 South Georgia and
the South Sandwich
Islands
 Turks and Caicos
Islands
 British Antarctic
Territory
 The British monarch
also has direct
sovereignty over three
self-governing Crown
dependencies:

 Guernsey
 Isle of Man
 Jersey

 United States – United States of
America
UN member state None The United States is a
federation of 50 states, one
federal district, and one
incorporated territory.
Additionally, the Federal
government of the United
States has sovereignty over
13 unincorporated territories.
Of these territories, the
following five are inhabited
possessions:

 American Samoa
 Guam
 Northern Mariana
Islands
 Puerto Rico
 U.S. Virgin Islands

It also has sovereignty

over several
uninhabited territories:

Baker Island
Howland Island
Jarvis Island
Johnston Atoll
Kingman Reef
Midway Atoll
Navassa Island
Wake Island

It also disputes
sovereignty over the
following two
territories:

Bajo Nuevo Bank

Serranilla Bank

Three sovereign
states have become
associated states of
the United States
under the Compact of
Free Association:

 Marshall Islands –
Republic of the Marshall
Islands
 Micronesia –
Federated States of
Micronesia
  Palau – Republic of
Palau

 Uruguay – Oriental Republic of

UN member state None
Uruguay
 Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan contains one
UN member state None autonomous region,
Karakalpakstan.[g]

 Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu UN member state None

  Vatican City – Vatican City State Administered by the Holy

See, a sovereign entity with
diplomatic relations to
183 states. This figure
consists of 180 UN member
states, the Cook Islands, the
Republic of China (Taiwan),
and the State of Palestine.[58]
In addition, the European
UN General Assembly Union and the Sovereign
observer state under Military Order of Malta
maintain diplomatic relations
the designation of
None with the Holy See. The Holy
"Holy See"; member of See is a member of the IAEA,
three UN specialized ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a
agencies and the IAEA permanent observer of the
UN (in the category of "Non-
member State")[53] and
multiple other UN System
organizations. The Vatican
City is governed by officials
appointed by the Pope, who
is the Bishop of the Diocese
of Rome and ex officio
sovereign of Vatican City.

 Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is a federation of

Venezuela UN member state None 23 states, one capital district,
and federal dependencies.

 Vietnam – Socialist Republic of

UN member state None
Vietnam
Western Sahara → See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing
 Yemen – Republic of Yemen UN member state None

 Zambia – Republic of Zambia UN member state None

 Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe UN member state None

↑ UN member states and General

Assembly observer states ↑

↓ Other states ↓
 Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia Recognised by Russia,
Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria,
Venezuela, Artsakh, South
No membership Claimed by Georgia Ossetia and Transnistria.[59]
Claimed in whole by Georgia
as the Autonomous Republic
of Abkhazia.

 Artsakh – Republic of Artsakh[ah] A de facto independent

state,[60][61][62] recognised
only by Abkhazia,[63] South
No membership Claimed by Azerbaijan
Ossetia[63] and
Transnistria.[63][64] Claimed
in whole by Azerbaijan.[65]

 Cook Islands Member of eight UN None A state in free association

specialized agencies (See political status) with New Zealand, the Cook
Islands maintains diplomatic
relations with 52 other states.
The Cook Islands is a
 member of multiple UN
agencies with full treaty
making capacity.[41] It shares
a head of state with New
Zealand as well as having
shared citizenship.

 Donetsk People's Republic Recognised by Russia,

South Ossetia and the
Luhansk People's
No membership Claimed by Ukraine
Republic.[66] Claimed in
whole by Ukraine as part of
Donetsk Oblast.

 Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo Pursuant to United Nations

Security Council Resolution
1244, Kosovo was placed
under the administration of
the United Nations Interim
Administration Mission in
Kosovo in 1999.[67] Kosovo
declared independence in
2008, and it has received
diplomatic recognition
from 112 UN member states
and the Republic of China,
while 18 states have
recognized Kosovo only to
later withdraw their
Member of two UN
Claimed by Serbia recognition.[68] Serbia
specialized agencies
continues to maintain its
sovereignty claim over
Kosovo. Other UN member
states and non UN member
states continue to recognise
Serbian sovereignty or have
taken no position on the
question. Kosovo is a
member of the International
Monetary Fund and the
World Bank Group. The
Republic of Kosovo has de
facto control over most of the
territory, with limited control in
North Kosovo.

 Luhansk People's Republic Recognised by Russia,

South Ossetia and the
Donetsk People's
No membership Claimed by Ukraine
Republic.[66] Claimed in
whole by Ukraine as part of
Luhansk Oblast.

 Niue A state in free association

with New Zealand, Niue
maintains diplomatic
relations with 20 other states.
Member of five UN None Niue is a member of multiple
specialized agencies (See political status) UN agencies with full treaty
making capacity.[41] It shares
a head of state with New
Zealand as well as having
shared citizenship.

 Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic Recognised only by Turkey.

of Northern Cyprus Under the name "Turkish
Cypriot State", it is an
observer state of the
Organisation of Islamic
Claimed by the
No membership Cooperation and the
Republic of Cyprus Economic Cooperation
Organization. Northern
Cyprus is claimed in whole
by the Republic of
Cyprus.[69]

 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic No membership Claimed by Morocco Recognised at some stage
by 84 UN member states, 43
of which have since
withdrawn or frozen their
 recognition. It is a founding
member of the African Union
and the Asian–African
Strategic Partnership formed
at the 2005 Asian–African
Conference. The territories
under its control, the so-
called Free Zone, are
claimed in whole by Morocco
as part of its Southern
Provinces. In turn, the
Sahrawi Arab Democratic
Republic claims the part of
Western Sahara to the west
of the Moroccan Wall
controlled by Morocco. Its
government resides in exile
in Tindouf, Algeria.

 Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland A de facto independent

state,[60][70][71][72][73] not
diplomatically recognised by
No membership Claimed by Somalia
any other state, claimed in
whole by the Federal
Republic of Somalia.[74]

 South Ossetia – Republic of South A de facto independent

Ossetia–the State of Alania state,[75] recognised by
Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru,
Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia,
No membership Claimed by Georgia Artsakh and Transnistria.
Claimed in whole by Georgia
as the Provisional
Administrative Entity of South
Ossetia.[76]

 Taiwan – Republic of China[m] No membership, Partially unrecognised. A state competing

former membership Claimed by the (nominally) for recognition
until 1971 People's Republic of with the People's Republic of
China China (PRC) as the
government of China since
1949. The Republic of China
(ROC) controls the island of
Taiwan and associated
islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the
Pratas and parts of the
Spratly Islands, and has not
renounced claims over its
annexed territories on the
mainland.[77] The ROC is
recognised by 13 UN
member states and the Holy
See as of 9 December 2021,
none of which recognise the
PRC. Additionally, one UN
member (Bhutan) has
refrained from recognising
either the ROC or the PRC.

The territory of the

ROC is claimed in
whole by the PRC.[n]
The ROC participates
in international
organizations under a
variety of
pseudonyms, most
commonly "Chinese
Taipei" and in the
WTO it has full
membership. The
ROC was a founding
member of the UN and
 enjoyed membership
from 1945 to 1971,
with veto power in the
UN Security Council.
See China and the
United Nations.

 Transnistria – Pridnestrovian A de facto independent

Moldavian Republic state,[60] recognised only by
No membership Claimed by Moldova Abkhazia, Artsakh and South
Ossetia.[59] Claimed in whole
by Moldova.[78]

↑ Other states ↑

"Membership within the UN System" column "Sovereignty dispute" column legend

legend
   Undisputed sovereignty
   UN Member states    Sovereignty disputed
   UN General Assembly Observer states
   Member of a UN Specialized Agency
   No membership in the UN System

See also
Gallery of country coats of arms
Gallery of sovereign state flags
ISO 3166-1
List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
List of administrative divisions by country
List of associated states
List of countries and capitals in native languages
List of countries and dependencies by population
List of countries by United Nations geoscheme
List of country-name etymologies
List of dependent territories
List of international rankings
List of ISO 3166 country codes
List of micronations
List of national capitals in alphabetical order
List of rebel groups that control territory
List of states with limited recognition
List of territorial disputes
Lists of political entities by century
Member states of the United Nations
Sovereign state
List of former sovereign states
List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
List of sovereign states by date of formation
List of political entities by century
Template:Clickable world map
Terra nullius
 United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories

Notes
a. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is not included, as despite being a sovereign entity it lacks
territory and does not claim statehood. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is
often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list
are all uncontacted peoples, either who live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose
statuses as such are not definitively known.
b. This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[1] It also indicates
which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the
International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All
United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the
International Court of Justice.
c. This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states
whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
d. The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of
legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of
supranational union. The EU has 27 member states.[14]
e. Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be
found at List of states with limited recognition,
Membership in the European Union,[d] where applicable,
Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
f. Commonwealth realm refers to any member state of the Commonwealth of Nations whose head of
state is (currently) Queen Elizabeth II. Each realm is separate, independent, and a sovereign state; see
Relationship of the realms.
g. For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see List of autonomous areas by
country.[9]
h. The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United
Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it
establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
i. Argentina's claimed Antarctic territory of Argentine Antarctica (Antártida Argentina) is one of five
constituent departments of the province Tierra del Fuego.[10]
j. The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is
Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
k. The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in
2013.[17]
l. Chile's claimed Antarctic territory of the Chilean Antarctic (Antártica Chilena) is a commune of the
Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes Region.
m. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of
China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically
as Chinese Taipei, or by another alternative name.
 n. In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to
the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established
the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories
under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC. In
the view of the United Nations, no member of the organisation withdrew as a consequence of this but
the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be
the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of
China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement
within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
o. See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and
Foreign relations of China.
p. More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.[18]
q. Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
r. Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
s. A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, "Czechia". This variant
remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organisations. See Name of the
Czech Republic.
t. The designation "Denmark" can refer either to metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (for
example in international organizations).
u. The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.
v. Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.
w. Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of
Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to
the European Union in 1995.
x. France's claimed Antarctic territory of Adélie Land (Terre Adélie) is one of five constituent districts of
the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
y. Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
z. While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"[26][27] and sometimes its counterpart
Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".[28] One example of
the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins
Íslands and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, note that in this
usage "republic" is not capitalised.
aa. "Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in
English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the
state from the larger island of Ireland, however, this is officially deprecated.[30] See names of the Irish
state.
ab. The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.
ac. The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the
former name Burma still being used in many cases. See Names of Myanmar.
ad. The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to metropolitan Netherlands or to the entire Kingdom
(e.g. in international organizations).
ae. Formerly known constitutionally as the "Republic of Macedonia" from 1991 to 2019 and under the
international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019
due to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece. Following the Prespa agreement going into effect
in February 2019, the country was renamed "North Macedonia".
af. Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering
Morocco, known as the Plazas de soberanía.
ag. Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.
ah. Formerly known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, its official name from 1991 to 2017

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