The Future Is Now

The Role of Robots in Contemporary Society

Once the exclusive domain of science fiction, robots are now commonplace in the
military, medicine, and industry. Recent advances in robotics mean that robots
are ready for widespread integration into society in general.
A robot is usually a mechanical agent guided by a computer program to carry out
instructions and perform tasks. Robots are distinct from other machines because
they combine mechanical and computing technology. The first robots were
invented to replicate human or animal behavior, and that purpose continues
today.
Robots have five characteristics that distinguish them from other types of
automated devices. Most robots have a physical structure. They also have a
sensary system that receives and processes information about themselves and
their surroundings. They also need a power supply to automate their movements
and a computer system to control all the components.
As the following table shows, the most prevalent use of robots is in manufacturing,
such as in the automotive and electronics industries.
Robot Use by Field
Field % of Total Robots
Manufacturin 64
g
Military 20
Medicine 12
Personal 6
service
Robots used in manufacturing are designed to complete tasks that are difficult,
dangerous, or dull for people to perform. These include repetitive tasks, such as
tightening bolts, and those requiring great precision, such as assembling circuit
boards. Robotic arms are the most popular type of industrial robot.
The military is more likely to use mobile and autonomous robots. These types of
robots can move throughout their environment, making them suitable for
exploring dangerous territory, such as a road that might contain landmines or
other exploding devices.
Mobile robots also do important work in medical settings. For example, hospitals
use robots to transport medications swiftly and safely. Humanlike companion
robots can guide and monitor the elderly or people with disabilities.
As robot technology continues to develop, experts in robotics expect advancements
in robots for personal use. For example, very small robots can swarm together to
handle a large, complex task such as cleaning up after an oil spill. Increasingly
mobile robots can perform household chores and serve as guides in public
settings. The following table provides a projected timeline for robotic innovations.
Timeline of Robotic Innovations