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    10 views16 pages

    Philippine Geodetic Surveying Towards The Next Millennium

    Uploaded by

    artemis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Pron Sans 9 TARLAC ai ‘ nen bAREAC TARAS Bn} 0: os BULACAN Fin Cin cate rma a TAbayr aye a — ae ini@ mapper A Publication on Surveys, Mapping, and Resource Information Technology Fe a |Detait of Philippine ‘map showing some of ithe geodetic. control \points or stations (red triangles) forming the [Philippine Reference | System of 1992. 2 INFOMAI LE) Baltorial ian 2 Features Geodetic Surveying ata Glance es Geodetic Surveying Activities in NAMRIA and Theit Relevance toNational Development... § Freedom over Kalayaan 6 Photo Kssay Surveying Instruments ‘Worldwide 1900-2000 8 News NAMRIA Administrator Calls for Values-Orientation ‘a GEP Convention 10 PRS "92 Updates pated NAMRIA Undertakes CALABAR Base Mapping Project 0 LLCED Pilots Boundary Demareation of Forestlands essen ML LGUs Seek NAMRIA Expertise Digital Base Mapping... 11 NAMRIA Conciucts Magnetic Survey of Mindanao a HGSD Undertakes GPS Observation for PIMP... 12 ‘Annual Celebration of National Statistics Month Held 2 1 Worldwide GIS Awareness Week Marked nnn 3B Technical Paper 14 Chossary oso oo ery minimal to say the least isthe current general level of awareness as regards ‘geodetic surveying in the Philippines. ‘Thus this issue of the Infomapper secks mainly 10 {introduce this significant field of surveying and to bring 0 the fore the role it plays in laying the crucial groundwork forthe develop ‘ment programs ofthe government. ‘Geodetic surveying in the Philippines relies great deal for its advancement on coop- cerative ventures with interuational/tegional in- stitutions. as well as private entities involved in surveying techniques for updated technical ‘knowledge and material sid. ‘The positive result of this is thatthe Philippines now enjoys a fitly significant level of progress in the conduct of geodetic surveys “A notable example isthe new geodetic ‘control network known as Philippine Refes fence System 1992, which NAMRIA estab- ished with theuse of state-of-the-art satelite surveying technology, the Global Positioning System (GPS), ‘The new network was made possible through the geodetic survey compo- ‘ent of the DENR Natural Resources Man- agement and Development Project, with the assistance ofthe Australian government. The agency salso set implement the project onthe establishment of an Integrated ‘Geospatial Referencing Facility with foreign funding and technical suppor. The facility will consist of 15 continuously operating ef rence stations for GPS users Lack of financial and technical e- sources 10 jump-start noble objectives are Philippine realities that cannot be denied. Hopefully, the day will come when relevant projects on geodetic surveying, for example, will no Tonger bear the accompanying labels ““Yoroign-assisted” “Toreign-funded: “The Philippines sil has alot o catch up on to approximate the advancements in geodetic surveying of other counties, Interms Df scietific researches, fr example, i would be to the greater benefit ofthe mation to have ‘more studies on unexplored areas in geodetic surveying, suchas those on local geoid mod- Cling. These researches are preferably those ‘which the government should initiate hy itself, ‘rsponsorto ensure that the data gatered stays with us for our use rather than abroad with the project organizer or funding source. It would not hue the nation to apportion par of its re- sources to this worthy undertaking. Support from the private sector is certainly justas wel- Other pressing concerns to further the development of geodetic surveying in the country include the need for greater access among geodetic surveying practitioners to rel- tevant technology such as GPS which is very ‘Useful but quite expensive. Then there isthe ‘need for more localy-sponsored scholarships abroad, Incidentally, Philippine scholars ‘would surely appreciate an updated schoo cur- Ficulum for geodetic engineering to avoid their having to tako up in later raining activites per- tinent courses they could have taken up in school “The country’s own geodetic engineers and surveyors should themselves be creed for their concerted efforts to promote in the county the acquisition and application of tech- jal and general knowledge on the relevant ids of land surveying and geomaties. The Circle of NAMRIA Geodetic Engineers. in particular, i the latest addition to the signifi ‘ant roster of nationwide groups of geodetic ‘engineers ofthe Philippines. Among its fore- ‘most objectives at present is 10 work for the amendment of certin provisions ofthe imple ‘mentngrules and regulations of Republic Act number 8560, o the new Geodetic Engineer {ng Law: Forone,the group deems that th law should provide for an appropriate mechanism Tor junior geodetic engineers to complete their Bachelor of Science degre. Every new year affords especially the world’s leaders with the opportunity fo over come all obstacles and really make things Fight if aot for this generation then forthe nex ‘The country’s present administration gets this same opportunity as itenters its second year. ‘Asone ofthe goverment offices tasked to work for the nation's development, NAMRIA is making use of whatever resources Aare available to dois share forthe nation’s de ‘velopment through, for example, ester land surveys and map production. Ifand when its Tong pending modernization becomes aeality ‘the agency ean do alot more being ina much ‘better postion, equipment-and knowledgewise, “help its” inf mapper (aiman AdnisstanetUncenecreay Linas A. Manel Mees - Dept Adnisrate Rear id, Asian Detor ob SF Fab soronut su toate er Concpion ,rnge Ete ie- Maris Roma D, Pe Bea Stel ites ior © dels Kayes Chester Nici lp. Lape. Xena Ane Reed tl RardlS. Veet (SSD) Rosalno “itosReys(HCSD, Nini Puyo QD) Cin M. Menta! Nancy D Nsqper(LCED), Feo. Damo (MDGs sce Teac Joga PaseePoterepy. Nancy M, Set Ront gus, Rolando A Mend, Aen. Beir Js M. Tht io P Siena Eel eit Canzoni ‘Auris AMRIA) unis by be Mea Postion Division, lfnon Manegneet Deparment Nuon! Mapping ant Resor Iman S46 aoa gop tc: Lavon freon Fest Anes atc Mak Cy» Te Non (2) 810-2990: 810-4311 36, lel 0+ Tela: (01) 105452 | Geodetic Surveying at a Glance........ ‘Sasi i fendiantel stp 1 ray nearer me Planing end laying out projects poets oe iaeconomis contruction and effect Set cette et cement charting coatne, ee ed stile ig tarp area an the location of ts boundare, Teeter at cea ae Pesta rinviye ea earn eth at inperen Kiew ors chost Plane and Geodetic Surveying Generally, surveys are classified into plane and geodetic, Plane surveying is that type of surveying in which the earth is considered to be a flat surface, and where distances and areas involved are of limited extent (ess than about 10 square kilometers or 3.86 square miles) thatthe exact shape ofthe earth is disregarded. On the other and, geodetic surveying is eoncemed with surveys of wide extent and large areas that take into aoeount the spheroidal shape of the earth, “These surveys require a high degre of precision and accuracy and are usually conducted by gov ‘emment agencies. Geodetic surveying provides ‘contol points to which other small surveys can bbe supported or connected. Geodesy as the Theoretical Foundation of Surveying ‘Surveying is based onthe theoretical con- cepts of geodesy the study ofthe size and shape ofthe earth and its gravity eld. This is where geodetic surveying got its name mainly because this discipline deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, including its gravity field, ina three-dimensional and time-varying space, Geodetic history began in ancient Greece, during the time of Thales of Miletus who philo- Sophically thought that the earth was a disk-like body floating on an infinite ocean. Anaximander another ancient philosopher believed that the ah was cylindrical, with the axis oriented in the east-west direction. Many great thinkers during the ancient times tried to put forward their own ‘views: that the earth lated on nite, cireumfer- ential ocean and was held in space by compressed air; thatthe universe centered on Hesta or the ‘central fire; and that the sun and the moon have dlunal motions. Among these thinkers itis only Eratosthenes who can be properly called asthe founder of geodesy because he was the frst to determine the spherical earth's size by measuring the latitude difference becween Alexandria and Aswan. ‘Somehow, philosophy and theology clouded the medieval era and litle was known about the development of geodesy. Te battle be- ‘ween reason and divine wisdom continued unt the ealy 1600s when geodetic interests were re- newed. Thereupon, Copernicus published his he- liocentrc theory; Leonardo da Vinei suggested the probability of isostasy*; and Galileo form Tate the first mechanical laws. Methods of ex- periments were also improved thereby making a progress in theories and hypotheses, Algorithms and applications of tiangula- tion to are measurement were also introduced. Later on came the theory of gravity, differential and integral callus, andthe standardization of lengths "The modem erasaw the influx oftechnol- 1. which revolutionized and opened many pos- sibilities for geodesy. The invention of radio de- tection and ranging system (radar), electronic ‘computers, electromagnetic distance measuring Operator switches on a Global Posioning Sytem receiver devices and artificial satel art of geodetic positioning. Surely, the develop- ment of microelectronics, acceleration sensing and diretion-seeking devices as wel as inertial navigation and positioning systems would more- cover pave the way forthe expansion of geodesy and ts concepts. [AS one Sees, just as amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, mathematics, phys iesand computer science are the building blocks of geodesy. “Mathematical concepts, most especially those of algebra, analysis, geometry and stats tis, are widely used in goodesy. As suck, isthe firmest foundation of this discipline, Gravity gives importance to physics sinoe gravity isthe eometry of the space in which most geodetic observations are taken, And finally, computer systems that are useful computing and analyz ing datacan only be taught trough computers Nonetheless, the theory ofthe propaga tion of electromagnetic waves, mechanics, acoustics", and the mechanics of continuum* and rheology® should also be considered. Editors’ note: A term in bold type and marked with an asterisk(*)is defined in the Glossary of ferms on page 16. ‘The Services of Geodetic Surveying Principally, geodetic surveying is used for ‘mapping or map-making purposes. We all know ‘how essential mapsare inthe planning and design ‘of construction projects, disaster prevention, re lic operation, land survey and evaluation and many others, Maps are the bases for all types of special plans. Other areas where the principles of geodetic surveying are employed include ur. han management, engineering projects boundary demarcation, ecolog ‘al management and land information system, 2eography,hydrography, space science, geo! ‘gy, geophysies®, astronomy, oceanography and almospherie science Very critical and important i the estab lishment of boundaries, whether international or intra-national, Many wars, for example, are fought over the possession and control of ter tory. The positioning and staking out of these boundaries are related to geodetic network—a framework of points with known horizontal coor dines, The locations of land-parcel based envi- ronmental data banks are likewise defined in terms of coordinates. These coordinates in turn ae referred to ageodetic network, Environmental data banks give rise to benefits, serving as inte ‘tated information systems for, among others ‘demographic analysis, land-based taxes, land valua ownership records, land-use management tion and property assessment, and the optimiza tion and management of social services. Furthermore, by means of geodetic sur ing stations canbe located, veying satelite ‘and the geometry ofthe earth's external field determined for predicting the omits of space vehicles. Surveyors calibrate thelr instrument prior co geodetic leveling work Indeed, frm mapping to navigation, con ventional construction, physical and biological sciences, dawn to human and cultural resourees eodetc surveying continues to prove its worth ‘both asa science and an art Geodetic Practice and Profession ‘Aside from using a varie techniques and syste aquires geodesic professionals and technicians. As ty of measuring eodetic practice re sch, a true geodetic profession should possess theelement of education, a license in surveying, experience, and also_membership in a profes sional on Geadetic surveying th honorable and dignified men and women who serve the highest standard of faimess, trust ‘worthiness and honesty in the practice of their profession ax embodied by their Code of Ethics NAMRIA — The Government's Arm Tn the Philippines, the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) {sthe principal arm of the government in geodetic surveying through ils Hydrographic and Geo- etic Surveys Department (former the Burean ‘of Coast and Geodetic Surveys). In this regard, theagency continues to provide geodetic controls tha are used as base references fo land surveys and procuction of maps. Iisalso undertaking the densification of the Philippine Geodetic Network ‘known as Philippine Reference System. pursuant tw Executive Order No 45. Uilizing sate-oF-the- at global positioning technology, this project aims to expedite the establishment of geodetic controls which also serve as basic reference points for geographic postions and elevations for various surveying, mapping, and engineering a Asa result, NAMRIA has collected, stored and updated in its geodetic ar chives various information regarding geodetic stations throughout the country. The information gathered can be retrieved automatically forissu anceto the public With geodetic surveying attaining mod: mm dimensions, facing new tasks and furnished with the latest techniques and tools, the agency ‘hopes to contribute more towards the country’s

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