- __LKinén | veces the mation consideration of the frente __ the motion of are atid ag the J kinematics OF Parties that eile ease ___conseqjuence ¢ $m IN) . kine mabies —> aomonaas ap motion othe machniae! wlements - 42 — — Clirktiom ~ ecermgt, Uibcles, jécfarres ‘4° Space crafts : | Kinematics isa aie bo Kinetics Particle Motion Particfe: A parbitle 4 (sa bady whose pags: teak dimensions are tie - small as compared & the radius | a _ path. = Waive Istreaded as ee a panty. <1 oe | Exam ple: Treat a Treatmout 4 an A airplane ak a particleZz Constrained and Tranimbeats a “gach _ ee ee a aaa and whirled tna circle tind ined mation until tha string ‘beanke, whewagedeanthcck lap mo une struc sii su Ss ay | Constrained mobinns Ip the motion “of a particle. “eeepuels toa» cheaprd pat. Ua Tp ne physical guides | exist to confine ee ee _ Choice of Coordinates kate ae ._pesitt{on of a partie “p! at a “time 't! can be described using aay 4 event coordinate systeme: 1 Rectangular coordinates Cr, 452) 2 Cy lindevical coordimtes (7, 6,2) 2 Spherical coordinates (Rk, 8, b ) 4 Path vaniables se tegnhAC Ae)RectiLinear Motion £ AS Point's distance at t= 5 (measused fom the Point's psvition at t= P _yopeeuce pt. 0) _ At time tr dt, posihons Po = Ae time tr At, distance= St+AS the change im position As during the untenah “At is called the displacement. The displacernent will be negative 4 the point moves in the. negative s-divectio. _ Velouity and acceleration — . Belk velocity and accefatin are veckrs, Average. wedonity yy = AS/At * Dis tantontous sof velo ty Va ktm ds. i _btoo At, oy veds 3 Z at : Avirege occeluntin: Ay = Av/dt Snstantaneous aztin by 2dv-\ , accdeachion i at7e {ur| Increasing velocity usp Acceleration... | Dewreasing velocity => Deceleration } re V= ds\ ana. a-dv [ae de Eliminaking dt fom the above equatins=> pouvdvis ads 4. Relation between displ- or acement, Veloci by, ett Pde = da oe erm, Sieh sacctl, aells Graphical Interpretations fe a vanabion Sith Celaring rectilinear metion. v= slope =(b) Vanration dh V est t ey as a és - fa af vat Ss t > ta: Vat = aS | Se -5, = aaa unde U-E Curve (Q Van'atin 4 a with Va ts ave f adt vy 4% y Vi-V, 2 area under a-t curveaie edly = ade 1s —_ te — +9 — vA = = [eds - l Lys vy) *)= 6 avea a und GS curve. — Araby tical Tatepraee pet anata ‘al E av. =faae awe S : Far _cenctant acceleration: — _* on => "sv," +20 (S-5.) ly Veds 5 dss vit = ) % 2 > £ ds = ze tak) dt => S-h 2% | wl: ® | > 29 ¢ Yt tlatgration = v— t i yf avs | fies dt = are! £le) de ve A= fie dv Mionlsn ah, an — -[ dt= dv. t f {% Ate vdve ads => vdav= fonds 9 fag fare ea When A=f5) Vdv = ads => vdv =gisid(s) - eet ae aes - = v Y= | 7 Be SSx Problem 1 ‘The position coordinate of a particle which is confined to move along a path given by s~ 2° ~ 241+ 6, where s is measured in meters from a convenient origin and / is in seconds ~ Determine (a) the time required for the particle to reach a velocity of 72 m /s from its initial condition at ¢ = 0, (A) the acceleration of the particle when v = 30m /s, and (c) the net displacement of the particle during the interval from ¢~ 1s to/— 4s, al Solution (a) Obtaining velocity b dippetentiatin se nites et wlltn respect _te tees Ve as = $= 6t%24 -[Dm/s] ae + To find time to reach V= 72 mils Fe 26t2) => ts 72724 = |b 6 = f= £9 ¢ The -ve root Indiiatia a Solution bepsre tnibiabin, Q motion .. ib is neglected . Heuce, | t2 4s 6) Obfeuning acceleratrm : a 2dV _ it m/s* dérr Hiceysini ae orem aboiteeg ve 6t* 24 =o b- = By =>_t*= 9 => tate — 1 mor hp aceelesndio at v= 30 m/s (or at b2 3.5); “A= (2xt = (2x? = 36 m/s* ae find As during tals 2t=4 sr 4s= & -S, wanhatae whee $=.267-2ht +h Gives _ Seeok— abeeb 3 IG : Ses 2(4)* - 24(4) +b = 38 2 shad = 54m Aus|= 7 Problem 2 a < oN 2 vs The apudny mounted slider moves in lke hanged “guide wilk neghigitte pric bon. | aod beg docty ea the! acted bn as it crosses [hk riltd-ponition whe 20 and _t20, the two Springs legether exert a vetarding pevee to “tht. nation 34. eléder which gives ie on acceleration proportional fe the” Autplacement but oppontely direc ted and eqypal te as-k's, whee kis _constomt. oa pe 2 FS 2 Gey accelebion rs _ gfven as a function of chsplacement). we Know that vdv = mAs => favs [ads t, VP a fs Bs de $e ax mks ch Bo x a Et ay 7 aia - 1 5s abs f oe 56 ry zAt too, sso => Ged Fy $= Me sinks ke and Va S= Vy coskt Are. |Plane Curvilinear Motion = _ Motion 4 a particle areund a curved path —in a_singte _plane- Patino r i" _— dalton 7 (d) Aecelevehion Pexition __ At time ti Portion op particle is A __ fatibinn_yector_ meatu red from the ouzin Ois _ At time t+dt: Pride 4} particle i's A” fot _Veetor meatureol from Os Frat ~ AV is the displacement of the particle during “the time interval At. - AS is the distance Cscalav covwed by the particle along ‘the path while fmol fram Ate Al(L resid ole yin Miss sendy _ | #4 BY are. measureld froma 0. as Ty we change the-oxisin to another (palin, Say 0%, then -¥owill change, bao OY wilh “vemain Hie —same. s ———— & s ee | Th change in_positte WN obtained —_ - using svecter addition, — L_. a =a ff ame - << x Velocity E / 21 i ~ Velocity isa vector, which is aluvays ta vo the. pach.| 13 __ Instantaneous lhe - | Note fe sn FS a ae — Speed nilinde the velow Speed “ “4 4 nt Weve = (az =| TFs € a Wwheveas. oes ate gee That's the vate at whch the Level Gy tne | bum tion vector ¥_ tz chamsyin 4: - +t: AV: The ¢ i gevence in velocities the -parbe,e at_pelnts A and A ah. ow addition: ebtainca Envoys G Loy iv: V—- Vv 2 TtAcalerstion - Antloration (sa vector qeankily ancl depends upon AV Average acceleration By = av ape ape “At : _ Irstovataneone accelerabion: a a= Ls atro AE - ow a= aT avy. ii } - : Beir Ua magmi lsde amc shitaet tion ate derivative. Qua veel 7 Inthe curvilinear motion, & points towards the ceinte. 1 curvalare Stee pathVer tor Represen EationtensNormal and =langoutiat Coordinates (n-t) _ — Used path vaviables fer the descriptim curvilinear me tion: Path variables; n and t n— normal to the path t - & thez n- and t- coordinates wave. alana, the. path. i‘ / n xe = yi aX \ we ooMN st a a So ee 4 t 8 Velocitg “gna Acceleration in (ne and t) _— Unit vector aloag n-directon: é — Unit vecter_along ytadicection: ae P - tae dasa SAB Oy 1 #* sds = £ ;, os y. 4 £4 aa | a Velocity Vector 's * ris 7k £ along #$- AXIS =>: be v a +n ON” Sdsardg Va'v & = Be ¥ t= dt. ves) “Tha. alesintive a (ve) 7 . 4 & us nm— = V&ar vez pew at its 4 4 nections Relation between + © En: a “ a chouging. Age = é, } Detivasion included Ap latereurvilintay me'tonie LS an hte eonstant. = Vere a is On yt sO 2 ve he os Vi asl = Ve aPolar Coorolinates _ so 7 Y 4 _ rand @ yesent the. re pola. coordinates (A) | IN gal > _ Fi tadial distance 4 | Ry thexpartide from 0. | éb: angle. 4 Fowirt sos | 1 _ M+ AMIS. — eri Unit veeter along be ES ent positive y-axis aoe _ to; Unt vector alony = pevitive b-axis oBarss Pesition Vectors. fave as oa A Velocity Vertors Yim Va Vent vers. a ers = #25 =>__tk - = ve, + v8 fp 20 Vp PS Wis [GR the sate at the abtadiiong re which Vr Sfrhihes, 5 SS = S god = 5h ors ye - : Sas va ‘ - Ay A - Acedlantin veer: Aaah Vn A(t ape vee) > R= {Vet eds (HG vbep+ vb &) Subst hating & = 88 6 = bay Sr = (v= rb) 4+ Crepe &* hue ays F-83 aps rb sab, A214 44s ~ L (8)Re lationship between es & & [dee|2 14| dB = 4B x lAl= \ Divechon de 1s avon ea by é6 { ae Ha, aby = ABE whim divided by dt => die'anéi eo dt “a” 7 = | Relationshup bet ween & & ep dé, = db ey| Coglindlanical “cowed: nd - Civemlar Motion . Cin polar coordinates) » Circular mobion => constant -¥ __ Therefore. Wr adic) 22 Space Curvilineay Motion. @ _ 1 7 = Boasis $5 Wy. 3 _ Ophea. coords (R, 5$). 9 8 Re BAS22 AAR ode | Ra ete ght aR (esition vec te) v= Rewetagoe ee x “Wdsveeior) a @=-Ve at + ge rah (rec. (Ace. vec ter) a Cg binderical Coordinates (v6, %) = =k = Re ree £ us. _ Va ret aE +k a Vy= 05 Vps Yb 52 Vg 2 8 | he ve) 2 + (rb re + ak | aps F-v6") aps vB +av6 2 1 (sy a + Qg= 2 ies vesoibininn ¥ dt} _ eee 4 = of Grr Api A> _ sui _ Spherical Coordinates (R,6,¢) | . ain Ve Va by + M55 + My Mee Ry Vp Reco; Vy=Rb a Jo ca a= Ap ee + a ip Sp + Oy & aps R= RE REE 4 ap cae d (grb) 2Rep sing asi - Aye bk (ad) + Rit singeap Relative Motion (Translating Axes) - _—_— Sa. fay; we have meacuredk olisplacement, ——- Velocities, and accelerebons wv. t. fined a } Vefewence axes — .absoluke méacurenents — | _— Measurements w.¥.t.. moving frames — ___ Yelative_ motion anady cis. [Fn Newtonian mechanics, the fixed coor. |} dinate syste _ is primayily tae Tnectiok Sesion . ___ | i env thbound sy ‘tem: Scfixerk..cvpstbern ts ___a set of anes attached te the earth, eve, motion @ the earth Is meqlected. IBY A velabvete By es je po A Ye: Absolute position | a to- uo a Absolute porten | =) i = A i — ky = Vet tap -—* Che sunt XY planet at 7 = a” ___ Panition ) Aw.r.t xy planes Yala= *t +