Laboratory Information System

Hardware
Central processing unit (CPU), which processes data; and the peripheral devices, which store
and retrieve data.

Software
Operating system, which manages the processes of the computer system, and the interfaces,
which connect the system to analytical devices and to foreign computer systems.

Database
 Applications programs
o Provide the data entry, updating, query, and report processing.
 Manual procedures
o Describe how data is obtained for input and how the system's output is
distributed.
 Machine procedures
o Instruct the computer how to conduct processing activities.

Consist of all transactions that take place in the laboratory, such as logging, verifying,
reporting, and so on, each linked to an individual, a time, a place; a master test list with all
reference ranges, critical values, and so on; cost and price information; and patient results.

Network
CPOE [Computarized Provider Order Entry]
 
Is part of an integrated clinical information system, so is a computer application that enables
order entry. It helps with the management of orders for services and medications.

Processes
Decide what you want to do
Data management may be approached in a variety of ways, including the use of expert systems
to forecast trends, to develop approaches to lab testing and so on.
 

Select the software that will allow you to do it

Management software can be acquired as individual programs designed for specific purposes
or as combined, integrated packages (suites).

 Text editors
o Are used to prepare reports, memos, letters, manuscripts, and so on.
 Spreadsheets
o Are programs that simulate the paper spreadsheet used in accounting
procedures in which columns of numbers are summed for budgets and plans or
otherwise manipulated according to formula.
 Database programs
o May be relational, hierarchical, or network. Common uses are keeping track of
personal files, cataloguing bibliographic references, generating schedules, and
so on.
 Desktop publishing
o Programs designed to support the development of documents combining text
and graphics, often in multicolumn format, resembling newspapers or
magazines.
 Process modelers
o Is used to analyse and predict the effects of change in one part of a complex
process on other parts and the eventual outcome.
 Image analysis
o Can identify shades, colours, and relationships that cannot be seen by the
unaided eye.
 Communications
o Is used to support exploration of the Internet, electronic mail, or facsimile
transmission.
 Expert systems
o Uses stored information, based on generalizations and rules, to draw
conclusions about a particular case.

 
Select the machine that will run the software
Personal computers are now capable of running extraordinarily sophisticated programs,
especially when linked into mutually supportive networks.

Stakeholders
Stakeholders range from lab directors and purchasing decision makers to vendor project
managers and many others (such as IT specialists, quality managers, lab technicians, disciplines
managers, and others who can offer insight into the hospital or health system's protocols for
upgrades or modifications.
References
1.Laboratory Informatics and the Laboratory Information System. Cowan D.
 
2. Medical Laboratory Observer. 2020. The Human Side Of Lab Automation. [online] Available at:
<https://www.mlo-online.com/information-technology/automation/article/13009081/the-human-
side-of-lab-automation#:~:text=Stakeholders%20range%20from%20lab%20directors,protocols
%20for%20upgrades%20or%20modifications.> [Accessed 5 November 2020].