THE RATE OF

REACTION
WHAT IS
CHEMICAL
REACTION?
Chemical reactions occur when chemical
bonds between atoms are formed or
broken. The substances that go into a
03
chemical reaction are called the reactants,
and the substances produced at the end
of the reaction are known as the products
HOW DOES CHEMICAL
REACTION TAKE PLACE?
Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to
occur, the reacting particles must collide with one
another.
The rate of the reaction depends on the frequency of
collisions. The theory also tells us that reacting particles
often collide without reacting.
For collisions to be successful, reacting particles must (1)
collide with (2) sufficient energy, and (3) with the proper
orientation.
 WHAT IS THE RATE OF
REACTION?
the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds. It is often expressed in terms
of either the concentration (amount per unit volume) of a product that is
formed in a unit of time or the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a
unit of time

A + 3B → 2Z

d[Z]/dt, –d[A]/dt, –d[B]/dt, dz/dt, −da/dt, −db/dt

 FACTORS AFFECTING
01 THE RATE OF
REACTION
 CONCENTRATION
Rates usually increase when the concentration of
one or more of the reactants increases

The number of collisions and hence the activated

collisions between the reactant molecules increase
with increase in concentration.

Therefore, according to the collision theory, the

rate of a reaction should increase with increase in
the concentration
TEMPERATURE

To collide, particles need energy

A higher temperature provides a higher energy which
manifests in high kinetic energy
The higher the temperature, the greater the rate of
reaction

Activation energy : the minimum amount of energy

that is required to activate atoms or molecules to a
condition in which they can undergo chemical
transformation or physical transport.
 THE AMOUNT OF CATALYST
Catalyst is a substance which alters the rate
of a reaction without being consumed or
without undergoing any chemical change
during the reaction.

A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by

providing a new path with lower activation
energy (Ea’) for the reaction.

Until a certain limit, catalysts boost the

reaction. Too much catalyst acts as inhibitor
SIZE OF REACTANT

The rate of a reaction increases with increase in the

surface area of solid reactant, if any used. The surface
of a solid can be increased by grinding it to a fine
powder.
ANOTHER FORM
OF THE RATE OF
REACTION 02
Rate=k[A]s[B]t
Where
k = rate constant
[A] and [B] = concentration of reactant
s and t = order of reaction of each reactant

Reaction order = s + t