Reynolds number

Authored by :AL_Muntadher Muhammed

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Reynolds number
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 1 The flow in pipe
demonstrated such as :
 Laminar flow
 Transitional flow
 Turbulent flow
can be

introduction
The the experiment is used to
the flow in closed conduit (flow assess whether a flow is laminar
in pipe ) id differ from occur in or turbulent
open channel . In laminar flow fluid particals
move in layers ,sliding over each
other .laminar flow occurs if fluid
with high viscosity and low
velocity
The turblent flow :is characterized
by random movement and
intermixing of fluid particals with
a great exchange of energy
thoughout the fluid ,this type of
flow occurs in fluid with low
viscosity and high velocity .

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Reynolds number
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 PRATICALS
APPLICATION
Reynolds number it provide engineer
with immediate inf about the state of
the flow throughout pipes.also its
very useful for dimensional analysis
and similitude .
Reynolds number
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The forces acting on aship need to be
studied for designe purpose . the
Reynolds number of the flow acting on
the model in the lab and on the
prototype in the field should be the
same
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Objective: illustrate laminar transitional and fully turbulent flows in a pipe and to determine
under which conditions each flow regime by computing Reynolds number

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Reynolds number
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EQUIPMENT:

1. Drain valve
2. Waste water discharge
3. Test pipe section
4. Glass ball layer
5. Flow optimized inflow
6. Brass inflow tip
7. Metering tap
8. Aluminum reservoir for ink
9. Water tank
10. Overflow section
11. Control valve
12. Water supply
13. Base plate
14. Stop Watch used to determine the flowing time to the graduated
cylinder.
15. Water container used for water reservation and determine the
volume of water.
The experimental unit consists of a transparent pipe section
through which water flows, with flow-optimized inlet. A valve
can be used to adjust the flow rate in the pipe section. Ink
(color) having the same density of water is injected into the
flowing water, which moving at constant velocity through a
transparent tube. A layer of glass beads in the water tank
ensures an even and low-turbulence flow. The water is
supplied and the flow rate by measured by apparatus.

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Reynolds number
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THEORY :

Fluid flow in pipe can be characterized as laminar, turbulent, or

transitional. The dimensionless Reynolds number (Re) can be used to
determine the fluid flow condition, which is defined as the ratio of
inertia force to viscous force, or mathematically as:
Re =
𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 OVER
𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
=
𝜌 v 𝑑 OVER
𝜇
=
v 𝑑 OVER
𝜈
V = flow velocity (m / sec).
d = flow visualization pipe diameter 0.01 (m).
𝜈 = kinematic viscosity 10−6
(𝑚2
.)sec /

Laminar flow RE Smaller then 2000

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Reynolds number
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 Re smaller than 4000 bigger than 2000
Reynolds classified the flow type according to the motion of the
fluid.
Laminar Flow: every fluid molecule
followed a straight path that was parallel
to the boundaries of the tube.
Turbulent Flow: every fluid molecule
followed very complex path that led to a
mixing of the dye.
Transitional Flow: every fluid molecule
followed wavy but parallel path that was
not parallel to the boundaries of the tube.
Re < 2000
Re (2000 – 4000)
Re > 4000

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Reynolds number
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DATA RESULT :

Run Water time Q v re

no volume
1 400 705 6.6 0.08 800 LAMINAR
2 400 245 16.6 0.21 2100TRANSITION
FLOW
3 400 105 40 0.5 5000TURBULENT
FLOW
4 400 405 10 0.12 1200LAMINAR
FLOW

Discussion:
The Reynolds number of each trial was calculated using the obtained data and then tabulated in
Table. Also, displayed in the aforementioned table is the type of flow as observed with the naked
eyes. All FOUR trials showed laminar and smooth flow Laminar Flow occur at low velocities,
where the layers of fluid seem to slide by one another without eddies or swirls being present; on
the other hand, turbulent flow occurs at higher velocities, where eddies are present giving the
fluid a fluctuating nature.

Possible errors arrived in the experiment especially when expecting a turbulent flow as the
velocity was increased might be possible due to a defective equipment and the instability of the
area where it was situated

Conclusion:

The flow of a fluid can be characterized to be laminar, turbulent, or transitional. In laminar flow,
the motion of the particles of a fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid surface moving
in straight lines parallel to that surface. Flow is laminar at Reynolds Numbers of below 2100. In
turbulent flow, the motion of the particles is chaotic and there is lateral mixing. Flow is turbulent
at Reynolds Numbers of above 4000. Between Reynolds Numbers of 2100 and 4000, flow is in
.transition

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Reynolds number
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