Preposition

(Pre + Position)

 A word which is used to show the position of noun or pronoun. It is used before Noun or
Pronoun & denotes the relationship between noun / Pronoun & other part of sentence.
Example -
 Rohan put the keys (N1 ) On the table(N2 ).
 We need to go by bus.

 We will learn Preposition in 3 parts

1. General Preposition
2. Phrasal Verb
3. Fixed Preposition

 General Preposition
Example -
 Fan over table.
 Apple on table.
 Rat under table.
 Fan above snake.
 Man under tree CCTV.
 We are under the sky.

 Place – ON, OVER, ABOVE, BELOW, UNDER

 ON – (1) Surface Contact – We use Preposition “On” when there is surface contact learn
between object & place.

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 Example -
 Fan on the ceiling.
 Book on table.

(2) Time Indicator – When particular date or day is given. We use „on‟.
Example -
 He came here on Monday.
 We practice mock test on Sunday.

(3) To show attachment of two things we use „on‟.

Example –
 I wear match on my hand.
 Siya lives on the MG Road.

 Table of Preposition according to time

 Time - Hour, Month, Day, Year, Date
 Preposition - At, In, On, In, on

IN
1. Time (not specific)
 I went to meet her in the morning.
 Ram will go to Mumbai in winter.

 Position
Example-
 The pen is in the cup.
 We are sitting in the classroom.

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 IN (Surround/submerge/enclosed) v/s ON (Contact of surface)
 Man on floor.
 Man on steel.
 Man in chair.
 Man on bike.
 Man in Car.
 Man under Tree.
 Man in shade of tree.
 Bird in tree.
 Bird on the branch of tree.

 AT - we use at for time & place.

(a) Time – to show exact specific time.
 Our class start at 6.00 pm.
 Ram came to me at 5 O‟clock in the morning.

(b) Place – to show for address / exact location/ small town.

 Sita lives at Manik Bagh Road in Indore.
 I live at Indore in MP in India.

(c) “AT‟ is used with (at down, at dusk, at noon, at night, at sunrise.)

“Between” / “Among”
 Between – 2 at a time.

 Among - more than 2 at a time.

 There will be matches between India, Pakistan & Australia.
 Distributed sweets among his friends.

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 Between is followed by and
 The tournament will be held between 10 am. and 4 pm.

 Among – used before consonant sound

 Amongst – used before vowel sound.
 Amid – used before consonant sound, uncountable noun.
 Amidst – used before vowel sound uncountable noun.
 Among - them( consonant)
 Amongst - us (vowel)
Example –
 The old man found a ring amid Wreckage of car.
 Mr. Sharma Attributed the found amongst eight members.
 His honesty cannot survive amid their dishonest.
 There is uniqueness amidst integrity of Bhagat Singh.

By

 Near somebody / something.

Example -
 A house by the river.
 Come and sit by me.

 Passive Voice (by + doer)

Example –
 This work was done by him.
 Was the mobile taken by Ram?

 Travel Source
Ex.
 To travel by bus/car.
 To travel by air/land/sea.
Example -
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 He came here by car.
 On foot (√) on horse (x)

 Not later than the time mentioned

Example -
 By this time next year we will be in America.
 Can you finish the work by 5 „O‟ clock?

 To show something/somebody that somebody houses, hold on.

Example -
 I took him by the hand.
 Pick the pan by the handle.

 Quantity or the period used for buying, feeling or measuring something.

Example –
 We rented the bike by the bay.
 They are selling cloth by the meter.
 Riya was getting paid by the hour.

By v/s With

 By - (Indicate the doer)

 With – (Indicate the means / equipment)

Example -
 The paper was signed by him with a pen.
 The snake was killed by him with a stick

Beside v/s Besides

 Beside –
1. Next to or at the side of somebody / something.
Example –
 mother said beside her child.
 There was a house beside a stream.
2. Compared with somebody /something
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 Ex. – my dress is looking stylish beside yours.

 Besides – Making an additional point

Ex. Rahul is a doctor besides a professor.

Along v/s Along with

 Along – from one end to other. (,d fljs ls nwljs fljs rd½
Ex. – They walked along the river.
Apartments are building along both sides of road.

 Along with in the company of / with somebody / something (ds lkFk&lkFk)

Ex. – We are launching the scheme along with your plan.
Shyam goes office along with his friend.
Riya is walking ____Meena ____river side.
Carry your photograph ___the documents.

Before v/s In front of

 Before – Use it for living things.

 In front of – use it for non-living things.

Ex. – How dare you speak ____me?
The bus stops right ____our house.
They presented the facts _____the judge.

During v/s within

1. You must reach the station ____two hours.

2. The shop is closed ____winter.
3. Job will be completed _____a week.

 During – When time and time interval is not fixed / indefinite.

 Within – When starting and ending is known (definite span)
Under, Below, Beneath
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1. She wears shirt ____the sweater.
2. Please do not write _____this line.
3. 200 workers are working _____my custody.
4. Girls are advised to wear skirt _____the knees.
5. Rat is _____the table.
6. The temperature is _____average today.
7. 1 could see the muscles of his hand _____his T-shirt.
8. They found the body buried ______a pile of leaves.

 Under
(a) – at a position directly lower than or covered
¼tc dksbZ oLrq directly uhps gks fdlh pht ds ;k cover gksA½
(b) when someone doing job under someone.

 Below
(a) lower level or position than something.
¼fdlh pht ds uhps½
(b) of a lower amount at standard
(,d standard ls uhps gksukA½

 Beneath – Narrow gap ¼nks surface esa de gap gksukA½

In v/s Into
1. We are sitting _____the classroom.
2. I opened the door and stepped _____the house.
3. The cat fell _____the river.
4. Water turns ____vapour at 100℃.
5. The nurse entered _____the room in a great hurry.
6. Translate the English novel _____Hindi.

 In
(a) used to show that something is inside.
(b) Used for motionless and fixed objects.
 Into – to show movement from out to in.
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 Over, Upon and Above

1. Sheetal placed the blanket ____her mothers.

2. The tiger jumped _____the deer.
3. There is a bridge _____the river.
4. The blood pressure is _____normal level.
5. The water came _____our knees.
6. The snow fall gently _____the lake.
7. Fan is moving _____the table.

 Over
(a) vertical position ¼tc dksbZ oLrq fljs ds Åij gksA½
(b) covering sense

 Above – To show higher from marking.

 Upon – when object is in motion while action of a subject.

Due to v/s Owing to

1. Meera got success _____her hard work.

2. Rohit qualified _____his hard work.
3. _____to bad weather, I cancelled the meeting.
4. _____to bad weather the traffic could not move.

 Due to + N/P- Adjective

 Owing to + N/P – Adverb

Instead of v/s inspite of

1. He took my car _____his scooter.

2. He did not return my car _____of my request.
3. _____of his bad health, he kept teaching.
4. I will have tea _____of coffee.
 Instead of – Substitution / in place of ¼ds LFkku ij½

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 In spite of – contradiction ¼ds ckotwn ½ Despite
Despite of (x)

Preposition

 She is senior _____me. (to / than / from)

 I want you to wait _____me. (for / to / at)
 They set the house _____fire. (with / on / over)
 I bought a laptop ______my cousin. (to / for)
 I am thinking ____ writing a novel. (to / of / over)
 They killed the snake ______ hitting it with a stone. (by / with)
 The girl sad _____her mother. (beside / besides)
 There is a huge mango tree _____my house. (In front of, before)
 John left the keys _____the table. (Above / on / over)
 ______having a headache, I want to work. (In spite / despite)

Since v/s For

 Both are used to denote the starting time period of our action.
 This concept is maximum used in context of “tense”

 For
(i) ( Denotes or period of time)
Duration or length of time

(ii) Specific period of time

(for two months, two years, two hours etc.)

 Since
(i) Denotes point of time.
(ii) it is used for a definite time in the past or some past occasion. For example – since
birth, since last Sunday, since Holi, since 6‟O clock
We used it or fixed events
Like – Birthday, Marriage, Death, Anniversary

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 Some Example

 I shall go to Delhi ____ two weeks.

 _____ the marriage of Ram, he has been doing this job.
 She has eaten nothing _____ long time.
 Maya has been living in canada ___ one week.
 Anjana has been studying _____ morning.
 I have not met him ____ last month.

For v/s To
 For
 Duration - We lived here for 5 years.
 Exchange – You can buy this shirt for Rs. 500/-
 Reason – We did not sleep for heat.
 Benefits – Yoga is good for our health.
 Suitability – This dress is for marriage anniversary.
 Instead of – He took my car for his scooter.

 To
1. Definition – He is going to Bombay.
2. Distance – It‟s about 5 km from my house to this café.
3. Compare – I Prefer coffee to tea.
4. Motive Reason – (with verb) – We come here to celebrate your birthday.

To v/s Till
 In the direction/ definition (fdlh fn’kk esa ;k direction ij tkukA)

 To
1. Go to Cinema.
2. We are going to the party of her friend.

 Till – Before the time (specific) fuf'pr le; ls igys

1. Minal studied till 9 pm.
2. I will here till 8 O‟Clock.
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 To v/s From
 To - Destination - ending
 From - Origin – starting.
1. The temperature rose from the lowest point.
2. The temperature fell from the highest point.
3. The temperature rose to the highest point.
4. The temperature fell to the lowest point.

 AT – Static point / particular location

1. The temperature is at the highest point.
2. I will meet you at McDonald at Bhawarkua in Indore.

 Towards – Place as a direction.

¼fdlh fn’kk dh vkSj bZ’kkjk djuk gSA½

1. This is a first step towards political union.

2. We are heading towards southern India.

Of v/s Off v/s from

 Non – living possession
1. Table‟s wood (x)
Wood of table (√)
2. Car‟s window (x)
Window of car (√)

 Coming from particular background or living in a place

1. He comes of a royal family.
2. People of America are protesting
 Selection out of group
1. Some of his friends are helping in nature.
2. Of the two brothers, Ram is taller.
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 Reason
1. Die of Cancer.
2. Die from hunger.

 Made of - (physical change, reversible)

 Made from - ( chemical change, Non-reversible)
1. Butter is made _____milk.
2. Her necklace is made ______gold.

„Off‟
 Sudden, accidental, Separation, leave, aroid
¼fdlh ls vyx gksuk] fdlh pht dk½
1. He fell off the window.
2. Apple fell off the tree on Newton‟s head.
3. A soldier is never off duty.

 Cancellation - (fdlh Planned Schedule dk u gksuk )

1. The class is off today.

 Stop functioning ¼can gksuk½

1. Switch off the TV.

 Absent
1. She is off today.

 Discount
1. This shirt has flat 50% off.
„From‟
 Show start of something. (’kq:vkr crkuk)

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 1. Ram was blind from birth.
2. He used to open his shop from 9 am to 6 pm.

 To show origin
1. I am from India.
2. We get heat from the sun.

 To show the position

1. You can see Guru Shikhar from Mt. Abu
To prevent someone.
1. We saved him from allegations of his friends.

Practice Questions
 She jumped ____the ground when she saw a snake beside her.
 The leaves are falling _____the trees.
 Keep _____the electric wire.
 The performer jumped _____the highest building ____audience.

“Across”
1. From one side to other side
(,d rjQ ls nwljh rjQ)
Riya saw me across the road.
2. To show position in many parts of an area or country.
They have many offices across India.

“Against”

(a) Opposing or Disagree : with somebody / something.

 They are campaigning against death penalty.
 Pakistan lost world cup final match against India.
 She married her boyfriend against her father‟s wish.
(b) Use to, touching or hitting – somebody / something
 Put the paino there, against the Wall.

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 “Round”
 When something is in the middle
 Circular, Spherical, Elliptical
Example –
 They were sitting round the kitchen table.
 She was cycling round the park.

“Around”

(a) Approx
 We have solved around 60 questions.
 This watch is around 50,000/-

(b) On every side (gj rjQ)

 People are sitting around the park.
 Papers were lying all around over the floor.

Exercise
Directions – Find out the error in each of the following sentences, if any. If there is no error,
your answer is „d‟.
1. Despite of our (a)/ good contacts, we could not get (b)/ rail tickets for our friends. (c)/ No
error (d)
2. Ram along with his friends (a)/ was invited for the (b)/ wedding party in Maurya Hall.
(c)/ No error (d)
3. He has an appointment (a)/ on 2nd of April (b)/ on 7 o‟clock. (c)/ No error (d)
4. Because of financial problems (a)/ Sita decided to sell of her (b)/ newly purchased
furniture. (c)/ No error (d)
5. Ram could not get (a)/ rid from problems at all because he was beset (b)/ with difficulties
most of the time. (c)/ No error (d)
6. The chief manager scolded his (a)/ staff and ordered them to come to the office (b)/
between 7 a.m. to 8 a.m. every day. (c)/ No error (d)
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7. She has no interest to (a)/ politics so she does not watch (b)/ a talk show on television at
all. (c)/ No error (d)
8. Sita could not (a)/ come to the college because she was (b)/ suffering with cold and fever.
(c)/ No error (d)
9. Please listen to (a)/ and reflect on this topic (b)/ when you go back home. (c)/ No error (d)
10.Whenever you visit Delhi, (a)/ you must take (b)/ your parents with you. (c)/ No error (d)
11. During her tour to the south (a)/ she visited not only Simla but (b)/ also to Chennai. (c)/
No error (d)
12.Ram sold (a)/ the furniture (b)/ on a good price. (c)/ No error (d)
13.Her parents (a)/ prevented her (b)/ in accepting the wedding function (c)/ No error (d)
14.She hoped to finish (a)/ the paper work in last week (b)/ but in fact she could not do so (c)/
No error (d)
15.I have reviewed all relevant books (a)/ into the old library (b)/ before writing this book.
(c)/ No error (d)
16.Whether it is Tamil or Hindi, (a) / I am with home (b)/ in both the languages. (c)/ No error
(d)
17.He will return to Simla (a)/ in a fortnight after completing his (b)/ assignments in Delhi.
(c)/ No error (d)
18.The king of our neighbouring country (a)/ is not different (b)/ than his predecessor. (c)/
No error (d)
19.The girl said that she preferred (a)/ the white shirt (b)/ than the black one. (c)/ No error (d)
20.As he wanted to reach early, (a)/ he left in a bus (b)/ instead of going by train. (c)/ No
error (d)
21.My sister has been (a)/ married to the richest man (b)/ of the city. (c)/ No error (d)
22.The class teacher and his wife (a)/ were invited for the birthday (b)/ function at my home.
(c)/ No error (d)

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23.The central government decided to (a)/ write of the debts of the farmers who were (b)/
below the poverty line. (c)/ No error (d)
24.The invitation card (a)/ says that Ram (b)/ marries with Sita next year. (c)/ No error (d)
25.The plan was to go for (a)/ the circus but (b)/ owing to certain hindrances it failed. (c)/ No
error (d)
26.The police have (a)/ gone in search for (b)/ the escaped convicts (c)/ No error (d)
27.We have been standing here (a)/ under the shade of this tree for the last (b)/ forty five
minutes waiting for the rains to let up (c)/ No error (d)
28.The constitution of India comprises of three wings-the legislature (a)/ the judiciary and the
executive and each is (b)/ independent in its run way (c)/ No error (d)
29.Visitors to the shrine are (a)/ advised to take out their shoes (b)/ before entering the main
temple (c)/ No error (d)
30.Ever since he left Jaipur, (a)/ he has been living in the (b)/ university campus Delhi. (c)/
No error (d)
31.He is the one who (a)/ can part with his estate but (b)/ not with his aged parents (c)/ No
error (d)
32.According to me (a)/ he is a person who is at (b)/ odds with the world (c) / No error (d)
33.As he has decided to settle (a)/ down abroad, he is likely to dispose all (b)/ his property in
the country of his origin (c)/ No error (d)
34.The visitor to the valley had no other (a)/ option but to seek shelter in the Jawahar tunel
(b)/ till the weather conditions improved (c) / No error (d)
35.It was apparent for every one present (a)/ that if the patient did not receive (b)/ immediate
medical aid he would die (c)/ No error (d)
36.Rakesh Sharma, the Indian space hero is (a)/ much sought after by college students (b)/
and is invited for various functions (c)/ No error (d)

37.Riya took me to a hotel and ordered for (a)/ two cups of tea (b)/ which the writer brought
in no time (c)/ No error (d)
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38.He has been serving as president (a)/ of the royals club (b)/ since ten years. (c)/ No error
(d)
39.The decline of his moral was caused by (a)/ a lot of factors that were (b)/ once fascinating
to him (c)/ No error (d)
40.There are some animals (a)/ that can live both in water and land (b)/ without any difficulty
(c)/ No error (d)
41.Our housing society comprises of eight blocks (a)/ and forty eight flats in (b)/ an area of
about thousand sq. meters. (c)/ No error (d)
42.He was sleeping in his room when (a)/ a thief entered into his house (b)/ and took a way a
lot of thing (c)/ No error (d)
43.There appears to be very little (a)/ liaison among (b)/ the two wings of the party (c)/ No
error (d)
44.Instead of being a clear winner he was (a)/ not given the best employees (b)/ of the year
award (c)/ No error (d)
45.His mother is not well (a)/ but he does not (b)/ look for her property (c)/ No error (d)
46.While he was returning (a)/ from the office a man attacked on (b)/ him with a dagger (c)/
No error (d)
47.After a long meritorious service (a)/ in the Air Force, he sought voluntary (b)/ retirement
on the instance of his father (c)/ No error (d)
48.Rahul is capable (a)/ at doing any work, (b)/ he is a man of letters. (c)/ No error (d)
49.All the students deserve to be rewarded (a)/ in their successful completion of the project
(b)/ in a such a short span of time. (c)/ No error (d)
50.My brother surprised me with a bicycle (a)/ and now I will go (b)/ to school with it
everyday. No error (d)

Fill in the blanks

1. ______the new policy we feel that the targets set for this year may not be achieved.
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 (a) Owing (b) Owing to (c) Owns to (d) owns
2. The Board‟s decision has provided employees with the opportunity to acquire upto 100
shares ____the company.
(a) By (b) since (c) off (D) of
3. In our experience people usually value things that they have to ____more than those that
they receive free of cost.
(a) Pay off (B) pay for (c) pay from (d) pay to
4. Over eighty percent ______us feel that if we had taken some corrective measures earlier
the crisis could have been averted.
(a) From (b) off (c) of (d) with
5. Cleanliness drives will be conducted in various localities ____opening the drains blocked
with polythene bags.
(a) To (b) of (c) by (d) on
6. The four friends were very different _____each other yet, they were best friends and
always came to each other‟s aid when required
(a) As (b) from (c) to (d) for
7. Unable to control his natural instinct the jackal howled at the top _______ his voice in
the middle of the night.
(a) Of (b) by (c) from (d) into
8. Nowadays students are getting much help from internet __ doing their homework
(a) From (b) of (c) for (d) to
9. ________I play cricket in the afternoon
(a) On Every Sunday
(b) At Every Sunday
(c) For Every Sunday
(d) Every Sunday
10. Students are prohibited _____cycles into the college.
(a) To bring (b) To brining (c) From bringing (d) Bring
11. The government has warned the air pollution from vehicles and power stations is
reducing life expectancy in the country ______an average of six months.
(a) On (b) in (c) within (d) into
12. _____I play cricket in the afternoon.
(a) On Every Sunday
(b) At Every Sunday
(c) For Every Sunday

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 (d) Every Sunday
13. A customized data science degree is yet to become a standard programme India‟s
premier educational institutes.
(a) In (b) to (c) of (d) into
14. Dhananjay and Soni were sleeping in their bed room when a thief entered ____and took
away many things.
(a) Into his house
(b) Into their house
(c) Into house
(d) In his house
15. A major component supporting the nation‟s rapid economic growth has been the growth
____exports.
(a) Of (b) from (c) to (d) in
16. A lot of research has been conducted ____the field of human resources for
understanding what create work culture in an organization.
(a) In (b) on (c) into (d) onto

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