Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing refers to restating in different words, phrases and clauses without changing the meaning. There can be different
strategies for paraphrasing. Some of them are as follows:

1. Change vocabulary by using synonyms

 asserts – claims, argues, maintains  illustrates – explains, emphasises, clarifies
Eg: The students illustrated their presentation slides with stories.
Paraphrased: The students explained their presentation slides with stories.

2. Change word class

 analyse – analysis, analysing Eg: The supervisor played a significant role in the success of
 create – creating, creationassume – assumption, the project.
assuming, assumed Paraphrased: The supervisor played a significant role in the
successful completion of this project.
3. Modify the Sentence Structure
Eg: The wedding photography package price includes travel fees, taxes, and editing costs.
Paraphrased: The travel fees, taxes, and editing costs are included in the wedding photography package.

4. By changing the voice (Active <－> Passive)

 If the subject is performing the action, then the sentence is in active voice.
Eg: I play football.

 If the subject is simply receiving the action, then the sentence is in the passive voice.
Eg: Football is played by me.

5. By combining with relative pronouns (who, whom, which, whose and that)
Who – Refers to a person (the noun/pronoun/subject That – Used in a defining clause that refers to a person,
which does the action) animal or thing
Whom – Refers to the object (the noun or pronoun that Which – Used in a non-defining clause that refers to a
receives the action) person, animal or thing
Whose – Used to show possession of something or
someone

6. By using subordinating conjunctions

A. Although—means "in spite of the fact that" G. Once—indicates "at the moment when"
Eg: Although it was raining, I ran home. Eg: Once you see him, you will recognize him.

B. After—shows "subsequently to the time when" H. Since—means "from the time when"
Eg: Call me after you arrive at the station. Eg: I've been a dancer since I was young.

C. Before—shows "earlier than the time that"
Eg: Before he contacted me, I was going to call him.
D. Because—means "for the reason that"
Eg: He became rich because he was smart and worked
hard.
E. How—means "the way in which"
Eg: He explained how he completed it in a few days.
F. If—means "in the event that"
Eg: If it is sunny tomorrow, we can go to the park.
I. So that—means "in order to"
Eg: So that she could keep her job, she didn't complain at
all.
J. Until—means "up to the time that"
Eg:She didn't know she was a talented singer until she sang
in the school concert.
K. Unless—means "except, on the condition"
Eg: You will not pass the exam unless you work harder.
L. When—means "at that time"
Eg: When I came in the room, everyone looked at me.

7. By changing the constructions using ‘being’, ‘in spite of’, despite

 in spite of / despite
After in spite of and despite, we use a noun, gerund (-ing form of a verb) or a pronoun.
Eg: 1. Despite having a headache, I had a great birthday. 2. The train was cancelled. In spite of that, we arrived on time.
Paraphrase the following sentences as directed:

1. Approximately 30,000 students may be assisted by the proposed “free lunch programme”. [Replace the
underlined words with words of similar meaning]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The growth rate dropped drastically. However, the nation managed the unemployment problem rather
effectively. [Combine using ‘although’]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Our effort was matchless. Still, we could not achieve the target. [Combine using ‘in spite of’]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. It was extremely difficult to allocate funds for each separate proposal. (Restate using the noun form of the
underlined]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Due to bad weather, the researchers have dropped the idea of exploring the dense forest. [Change the
voice]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The estimated amount was so high. So, the local authorities cancelled the project. [ Using ‘being’]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. The health department is launching a campaign for polio vaccine. The vaccine eradicated the disease in
many countries.[combine using a relative pronoun]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. If you do not stay without groping in the dark, you will be lost in the wilderness. [ Rewrite using ‘unless’]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I couldn’t sleep. I was very tired. (despite)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. I didn’t get the job. I performed confidently at the interview. (however)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. I tried my level best. I couldn’t win the first rank. (though)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. The policewoman is supplying the food to an orphanage. (change the voice)
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