Page 382

1- what did Mendel conclude determines biological inheritance?

​ endel concluded that biological inheritance is determined by factors that are passed from one
M
parental generation to the next.

2- what is segregation?

Segregation is the separation of alleles during gamete formation.

3- how is self-pollination similar to cross-pollination? How is it different?

They both can cause reproduction while cross pollination helps change up the chances for
something different.

4- what evidence did Mendel use to explain how segregation occurs?

He compared the different generations?

Page 388

1- What is probability?

The likelihood of that particular event will occur

2- How does the principle of independent assortment help explain Mendel’s results?

Because it states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the
formation of gametes

3- Describe Gregor Mendel’s contribution to our understanding of inherited traits

By mass breeding he was able to she the traits pass down through generations.

4- Draw a Punnett Square to represent the cross of two pea plants, each heterozygous for
tallness(Tt). Use the Punnett square to identify the probability of an offspring that is short.

5- In pea plants, the allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y)
Describe the Genotypes and Phenotype of pea plants that are homozygous recessive,
heterozygous for this trait.

Page 392
1- Why is incomplete dominance considered an exception to Mendel’s principle of inheritance?

According to incomplete dominance sometimes alleles are neither dominant nor recessive

2- What is the relationship between the environment and Phenotype?

The environment can cause the phenotype to change

3- The iris of the human eye can have many colors, including brown, blue, green, and hazel.
How does polygenic inheritance explain why many iris colors are possible?

Many colors make different colors?

Page 399

1- Why are human gametes haploid instead of diploid?

Since they are a single set not double
2- What events occur during meiosis 1 and meiosis 2?
They both separate chromosomes?
3- how is meiosis similar to mitosis ?
The both have cell division
4- why can chromosomes be described as units of linked genes?
Because chromosomes inherited stick together?
5- How does meiosis help explain Mendel’s principle of independent assortment?
Meiosis splits chromosomes into separate gametes which means each cell is inherited
independently?
6- Refer to stages of meiosis shown in Figure 12-17. Events in which stages determine the
assortment of genes in the gametes? Explain your answer.
Interphase, before the split ?
7- In asexual reproduction, mitosis occurs but meiosis does not occur. Which type of
reproduction - sexual or asexual - results in offspring with greater genetic variation? Explain
your answer.

Sexual reproduction because of during meiosis the shuffling and separating of homologous
chromosomes make gametes that are different?
C
C
It will always pass down certain traits
He cut off the stamens so the plants couldnt produce pollen
A
C
C
Principle of dominance
principle of paired factors
law of segregation
law of independent assortment
D
C
Multiple alleles have different versions of the same gene, while polygenic traits have different
genes.
The more allele options for a specific trait have more possible combinations meaning that there
is a larger variation in phenotypes.
No, factors such as the environment can change it.
D
D
B
16
Meiosis is a process in which a cell is divided into four gametes.
Chromosomes contain individual genes which are linked together.