19.

Ballroom is a type of social dancing, originally practiced in Europe and the United
States, that is performed by couples and follows prescribed steps. The tradition was
historically distinguished from folk or country dance by its association with the elite
social classes and with invitational dance events. Ballroom dance is a set of partner
dances, which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world, mostly
because of its performance and entertainment aspects. Ballroom dancing is also widely
enjoyed on stage, film, and television. Ballroom dance may refer, at its widest definition,
to almost any recreational dance with a partner.
20. There is a lot of ballroom dance styles.
As much as professional ballroom dancers would say that there are only ten recognized
types, one cannot deny that other styles exist. Before we talk about each ballroom
dance style, let us first discuss the two acceptable styles.
The first one is the International Standard Style, and the other one is the Latin Dance
Style.
More than that, the International Standard Style is divided into two groups when we are
talking about the American International Standard Style.
For the International Standard Style, the dances that are included are the waltz, tango,
foxtrot, Viennese waltz, and quickstep.
As for the Latin Dance style, it has the cha-cha, samba, rumba, pasodoble, and jive.
The American style has an American rhythm section which includes cha-cha, rumba,
swing, bolero, and mambo. Let us first talk about the different styles with the:
International Standard Style
1. Waltz Dance
This is amongst the most graceful dances and one of the easiest to learn. It has a
strong rise and fall technique which can really showcase the movement of the partners.
Let us first talk about the different styles with the International Standard Style. Likewise,
it is characterized by flowing and long movements which include a lot of turns. If done
correctly, it is as if the dancers are gliding on the dance floor with absolutely no effort.

2. Foxtrot
The foxtrot is much like the waltz in such a case that it includes smooth movements.
This time, the partners should glide on the dance floor as they are on ice skates. It is
also usually a choice for beginners. It can be danced in a big band or swing music.
3. Tango
This is a very sensual dance that has its origins in Argentina. It combines a lot of
dramatic and quick movements paired with different shapes. The dancers tend to walk
in a technique that is called staccato. This is a very sensual dance that has its origins in
Argentina. It combines a lot of dramatic and quick movements paired with different
shapes. The dancers tend to walk in a technique that is called staccato.

4. Viennese Waltz
The Viennese Waltz differs from the waltz in terms of speed and number of steps. It is
usually four times faster, and there are more steps, but they are still elongated. Also, it
has a lot of foot actions and differs from the one, two, and three timings. Mostly, it is
about showing off each partner as they are being twirled around in the room. It is not
advised to be learned by a beginner.

5. Quickstep
Coming from the root word quick, this is the fastest dance style. For this to be done
right, both of you should move with lots of energy, skips, flicks, and hops. Some say that
it is the quicker version of the foxtrot. It is all about syncopated feet rhythms, runs, and
extremely quick-stepping. All of these combined make it a very entertaining dance to
watch.
International Latin Style
Let us now move on to the five styles under the International Latin Style.
1.Cha-Cha Dance
This is also a fairly easy dance to learn, but you have to learn a lot of footwork.
Definitely, it is a cheeky dance which puts a lot of emphasis on the quick and concise
leg and foot actions. It also has that classic Cuban motion wherein the partners should
synchronize with each other well so that there will be a perfect alignment.
2. Rumba
This is most commonly referred to as the most sensual and passionate dance. It has a
lot of hip and body action as well as a consistent 4/4 beat. When done correctly, the
room will be filled with so much tension as the dance is supposed to be very intense.
There is also a bit of leeway for independent freestyle.
3. Samba
For this one, it can be performed solo or with a partner. It mostly mimics the Brazilian
carnival feeling. There is a lot of bounce that is derived from the ankles and the knees.
Also, it is very easy to freestyle this dance.

4. Paso Doble
This style is also very intense because it mimics a Spanish bullfight. Therefore, the
movements are quick and big, and it is as if the man and the woman are constantly
challenging each other. It also has a lot of decorated movements such as kicking and
clapping.

5. Jive
This one is also a quick dance that incorporates a lot of kicks. It can also be like swing
and is a variation of the jitterbug. Similarly, there are also a lot of bounces with this one
and huge amounts of energy.
Other Dances and Styles
Let us discuss some other styles that are not under the standard styles.
1. Salsa Dance
This also originated from Latin dances, and it includes a lot of hip movements, turns,
and strides. Nowadays, a lot of people dance in fast music, but it can also be danced
slowly.
2. Mambo Dance
This is a very energetic dance with a lot of bulky movements. Some of it might resemble
modern-day hip-hop styles. Other choreographies also include a bit of kick and stride.
3. Lindy Hop
This was inspired by swing but has more boxy steps. The counts are also different
since, with this one, it always ends on a half count. There are triple steps, rock steps,
and walks.
Theatrical dance is any form of dance that is performed for an audience, as opposed to
social dance, which is primarily social in nature. Theatrical dance is usually performed in
a theater or another public venue, and examples include ballet, jazz, tap, musical
theatre, and more. People who participate in theatrical dance go to classes and practice
with the ultimate goal of performing on stage.
Different Types of Theatrical Dances
1. Ballet
Ballet is one of the most widely known forms of theatrical dance. It developed in the
17th century, and it is characterized by the body being open with the toes facing
outward while they are pointed. The movements are fluid and graceful, and the classical
style is symmetrical in terms of the dancers’ bodies. Ballet dancers dance in a calm,
upright, and sophisticated manner, and illusion is still a large part of ballet. The dancers
are usually on a large stage removed from the audience, and there is normally a large
company performing. 
2. Expressionism: Modern Dance
Another theatrical dance is modern dance, which developed in the 20th century. It was
a reaction against the limited and heavily structured parameters of ballet. Another
theatrical dance is modern dance, which developed in the 20th century. It was a
reaction against the limited and heavily structured parameters of ballet. Other dancers
such as Martha Graham and Doris Humphrey further added to this style of dance, and
they added elements such as the body falling and rising back up again. It was a
combination of different genres, and it is often a combination of two or more other
genres.
3. Folk Dance
A folk dance is a dance that has cultural or regional significance. Folk dances are
different in different countries, so there are a lot of different styles. Different cultural
groups formed their own styles of dance, and they would perform them at celebrations
and religious ceremonies. Many survive today, and they are a form of theatrical dance. 
4. Tap Dance
Tap dance is a style of dance where dancers wear special shoes that have heel and toe
tapping devices installed. When they dance, they make sounds in time with the music. It
was first begun in the United States as a combination of different ethnic percussive
dances. It became popular in dance contests, and then it started to spread out across
the country. Dancers shaped tap dance, and when Vaudeville exploded on the scene,
tap was a huge part of it.
5. Jazz Dance
Another type of theatrical dance is jazz. It appeared in the 1950s in the United States,
and it was named for the jazz music that accompanied it. Jazz was made even more
popular when it was included in Cabaret and Broadway, and today, it influences many
styles of dance today, including ballet, contemporary, and lyrical. Most jazz dancers
have a strong foundation in ballet. It includes spins, quick moves, leaps, and more, and
it is an upbeat and fun type of theatrical dance. Jazz allows dancers to show their
originality, as they interpret the dance in their own

6. Lyrical Dance
Lyrical dance is a combination of ballet and jazz, and it is also very popular.It is often
performed to music with words, and the dance often expresses the emotions from the
lyrics. They use many different types of music, including pop, rock, blues, hip hop, and
more. Lyrical dance is still changing depending on the choreographer, and most lyrical
dancers also take ballet and jazz.

7. Contemporary Dance
Contemporary dance is an offshoot of modern dance. It was developed in the mid-20th
century, and it draws on ballet, jazz, modern, and more. It does not have any specific
codified rules, and it is very interpretative. Dancers are able to move freely to interpret
the music. The emphasis with contemporary dance is on Armstrong’s upper body and
footwork, and it also includes fall and recovery as well as floor work. It is important for
contemporary dancers to have a surface with shock absorption because they need
protection for their ankles and legs due to the sudden changes in direction.

8. Hip Hop Dance

Hip Hop appeared in the 1970s, and it has evolved over the years. It includes many
different styles of dance today. Some of the most popular include Breakdancing,
Locking and Popping, Funk, Up rock, Boogaloo, Reggae, Lyrical Hip Hop, and stepping.
It includes percussive beats made through body movements. People enjoy this style of
dance because they can make up their own moves. 
9. Theatrical Dance
Theatrical dance is any form of dance that is performed on a stage. There are many
different forms, and they appear in different scenarios. The oldest and most widely
recognized form of theatrical dance is ballet. However, other forms of dance have
become popular over the years. Jazz and tap are fun energetic performance dances,
and modern dance is codified, but it arose as a reaction to the strict structure or ballet. 
As modern became more codified with defined movements, contemporary dance arose
as a combination of ballet, jazz, lyrical, and modern dance. It is more expressive and
less restricted, and dancers can interpret the music however it moves them. 
What is Theatrical Dance: Final Words
Theatrical dance includes the dances performed on stage. This is different from the
social dances that are performed primarily for social interaction. Ballet is the basis for
many of the dances today, and dancers often take ballet classes alongside their
preferred genre. Different forms of theatrical dance use different types of music, and the
dances are normally interpretations of the music.  Some forms of theatrical dance are
very rigid and structured, such as ballet. Others are more expressive and open for
interpretation. The one thing they all have in common is that they are performed on
stage in front of a audience..

For every student who has had dancing for PE before, you would have at least heard of
the five fundamental positions of the arms and feet. For those of you who don’t know
what it is, it’s a technique almost always taught in dancing that involves mainly the arms
and feet. Since I was in the first grade, the five fundamental positions of the arms and
feet were always taught to us in the first term. I never really thought it was helpful, but
when I think about it now, it helped me practice many aspects of dancing, such as
timing, flexibility, and more! There are many reasons to learn this. First, it serves as
training for beginners. Performing the exercise helps improve memory as it provides five
different positions for you to practice and perform step by step. It also helps practice
timing and coordination in dance. Second, this technique is used in different kinds of
dance genres such as ballet and folk dance. In some dances, many of the techniques
used would utilize the five basic positions. Third, it’s an activity suitable for any age, as it
doesn’t require too much energy, and it’s simple to perform after some practice.
The five basic positions consist of the first position, second position, third position,
fourth position, and fifth position. To help you execute this, I will teach you and guide
you on how to perform these five basic positions. First, I will be discussing how to
perform the feet positions of the five fundamental positions. Next, I would be discussing
how to achieve the arm positions. After practicing both, you can then perform the steps
for both the arms and feet together.
Feet Positions
First Position
For the first position, form a V-shape with your feet by bringing your heels together to
touch while keeping your toes away from each other.

Second Position
For the second position, move one foot sideward. Your feet should be parallel to each
other while maintaining a distance of about 12 inches.

Third Position
For the third position, bring your foot’s heel to touch the arch of your other foot, with
both feet turned outward.

Fourth Position
In the fourth position, put your foot forward while the other foot still retains its position.
The distance between the two feet should be about 12 inches.

Fifth Position
In the fifth position, bring the heel of the foot in front to touch the toe of the other. Both
feet should still be pointing outward.
Arms Positions
First Position
For the first position, raise your arms into a circle in front of your chest. Your hands
should be aligned in front of your chest with both arms slightly curved, and your
fingertips should be at least 1 inch apart.

Second Position
For the second position, open your arms sideward at shoulder level.
Third Position
One arm is raised above your head, while the other arm maintains the second position.
The arm that was raised should be slightly
Fourth Position
In the fourth position, the arm in the second position would be raised forward in front of
your chest again, similar to how it was in the first position. The arm that is lifted above
your head will still maintain its position. For the fifth position, both arms should be lifted
above your head, slightly curving. The posture is similar to that of the first position but
raised above the head instead. Arms Positions
First Position
For the first position, raise your arms into a circle in front of your chest. Your hands
should be aligned in front of your chest with both arms slightly curved, and your
fingertips should be at least 1 inch apart.

Second Position
For the second position, open your arms sideward at shoulder level.

Third Position
One arm is raised above your head, while the other arm maintains the second position.
The arm that was raised should be slightly curved as well.

Fourth Position
In the fourth position, the arm in the second position would be raised forward in front of
your chest again, similar to how it was in the first position. The arm that is lifted above
your head will still maintain its position.

Fifth Position
For the fifth position, both arms should be lifted above your head, slightly curving. The
posture is similar to that of the first position but raised above the head instead.
FORMATIONS COMMONLY USED IN RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES

1.    Single circle, facing clockwise

2.    Single circle partners facing
3.    Single circle, facing counter clockwise
4.    Single circle, facing center
5.    Double circle, partners facing
6.    Double circle, facing clockwise
7.    Double circle, facing counter clockwise
8.    Square or quadrille formation
9.    Semi-circle or half moon
10.  Double lines, facing front
11.  Double lines, partners facing              
12.  Long open formation
13.  File or Column or Rank
14.  Set of two, partners facing
15.  Set of three, facing another set of three

Notes and Rest Values

Notes and rests are musical symbols on a staff that designate when to play and when to
not play. Notes on a staff represent what pitch to play and for how long. Rests are
musical symbols used to designate when to pause and not play.
Below is a table which displays whole, half, quarter, eighth, and sixteenth notes and
rests, along with how long each one lasts, measured in beats.
Counting Note and Rest Values
Whole Notes and Whole Rests:

Whole notes and rests are easy to count because they last for four beats.

Here is an example of a whole note and the count that it receives.

Here is an example of a whole rest and the count that it receives.

Half Note and Half Rests:

Half notes and rests each last for two beats.

Here is an example of half notes and the count that they receive.

Here is an example of half notes and rests in context on the staff.

Quarter Notes and Quarter Rests:

Quarter notes and rests last for one beat.

Here is an example of quarter notes and the count that they receive.

Here is an example of quarter notes and rests in context on the staff.

Eighth Notes and Eighth Rests:

Eighth notes and rests only last for one half of a beat. When you are counting the
rhythm of eighth notes, the usual way is to say the word "and" between each beat. This
subdivides each beat by two, and makes it easier to count the eighth notes evenly.

Like this:

One-and-two-and-three-and-four-and.

This manner of subdividing works the same for eighth rests, as well as eighth notes.

Here is an example of eighth notes and how to count them.

Here is an example of eighth notes and rests in context with other notes on the staff.
Sixteenth Notes and Sixteenth Rests:

Sixteenth notes and rests only last for one fourth of a beat. When you are counting the
rhythm of sixteenth notes, the usual way is to say "e-and-a" between each beat. This
subdivides each beat by four, and makes it easier to count the sixteenth notes and rests
evenly.

Like this:

One e-and-a, Two e-and-a, Three e-and-a, Four e-and-a.

Here is an example of sixteenth notes and how to count them.

Here is an example of sixteenth notes and rests in context with other notes on the staff.