CHAPTER # 01

INTRODUCTION

1. Electrical communication systems can transmit signals over much

longer distances at the speed of …………. ?
a)Sound b) 138km/h C) Light
2. Non-electric data is converted into electric waveform by an
……………… ?
a)Channel b) Input Transducer c) Transmitter
3. A channel is a physical medium that behaves partly like a ………… ?
a)Amplifier b) Filter c) Inverter
4. Distortion in transmitted signal is made by ……………… ?
a)Channel b) Transducer c) Converter
5. Channel generally ……………. the signal?
a)Convey b) Attenuates c) Both a & b
6. Distortion can be partly corrected at the ………………; by
complementary characteristics, to those of the channel.
a)Receiver b) Output Transducer c) Destination
7. …………. Noise can be minimized or even eliminated in some cases?
a)External b) Internal c) Both a & b
8. Human speech is a …………….. message?
a)Electric b) Digital c) Analog
9. A digital message constructed with M-symbols is called ………….
Message?
a)Morse-coded b) Binary c) M-ary
10. A/D conversion can never be ……….. ?
 a)100% accurate b) Possible c) Useful
11. Receiver must extract the message from the channel; message
extraction is much often easier from ……….. signals?
a)Analog b) Baseband c) Digital
12. For signals having high SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), the probability of
error at the receiver is ………….?
a)> 10̄ˉ⁶ b) < 10̄ˉ⁶ c) = 10̄ˉ⁶
13. Rate and quality in a digital communication system is controlled
by the fundamental parameters; channel bandwidth ‘B’ & the signal’s?
a)Energy b) Power c) Frequency
14. A signal can be successfully sent over a channel, if the channel
bandwidth is ………… the signal bandwidth.
a)> b) < c) =
15. The rate of information transmission that a channel can
successfully carry is ……. Proportional to ‘B’?
a)Inversely b) Directly c) Exponentially
16. Base band signals are typically ………………… in nature?
a)Low pass b) High pass c) Band
pass
17. Channels can not be moved when signal & channel frequency
band do ………………… exactly ?
a)Match b) Not match c) convolution
18. In modulation the baseband signal is used to modify by a
carrier signal which is ………………in nature ?
a)Exponential b) Ramp c) Sinusoidal
19. The first stage of a demodulator typically requires a tunable
bandpass …………..?
a)Filter b) Amplifier c) Both a &
b
20. Three basic modulation schemes are FM, AM and ……………?
a)BM b) PM c) RF

CHAPTER # 02
SIGNALS & SIGNAL SPACE

21. Signals are set of information or data & are functions of the
independent variable …………?
a)Space b) Time c) Distance
22. Signal amplitude must 0 as |t|  ∞ is a necessary condition for the
finite signal’s ……… ?
a)Power b) Energy c) size
23. ……….. signal neither have energy nor the power?
a)Ramp b) unit step c) Dirac delta
24. Power exists for ………… signals?
a)Periodic b) Exponentially increasing c)
Exponentially decreasing
25. Sinusoidal signals of amplitude C has a power ……………;
regardless of its frequency & its phase?
a) C² b) C/2 c) C²/2
26. Let we have two sinusoid signals g₁(t) & g₂(t), then power of g₁(t)
+ g₂(t) is p₁ ……p₂ ?
a)+ b) = c) ≠
27. Periodic signals by definition must start from ……….. & continue
forever.
a)-∞ b) 0 c) ∞
28. Every signal observed in real life is an ……….. signal?
 a)Power b) Ramp c) Energy
29. Range of impulse function is ……….?
a)Undefined b) Defined c) 1
30. There is a ……….. connection between signals & vectors?

a)Weak b) Strong c)
Intermediate
31. If two vectors are orthogonal ,the similarity is ?
a)-1 b) 0 c) 1
32. Signals are processed by?
a)Systems b) Scientists c) Channels
33. Size of signal means, studying about its?
a)Energy b) Power c) both a &
b
34. The term continuous & discrete are related with?
a)Amplitude b) Phase c) Time
35. A periodic signal remains unchanged, when time shifted by
…………. Period?
a)1 b) 2 c) 3/2
36. A signal whose physical description is known completely in either
mathematical or graphical form is a………….. signal.
a)Finite b) Random c) Deterministic
37. Most of the noise signals encountered in practice are ………….
Signals.
a)Random b) Deterministic c) Power
38. Three useful & common signal operations are shifting, scaling
&?
a)Convolution b) Inversion c)
Multiplication
39. δ (t-T) = zero, every where except at t=?
a)Zero b) –T c) T
40. To minimum Ee a necessary condition is dEe/dc equals to?
a)Zero b) 1 c) -1

CHAPTER # 03
ANALYSIS & TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS

41. We instinctively think of signals in term of their frequency spectra &

systems in term of their ………… response?
a) Output b) Input c) Frequency
42. Frequency of a good quality loudspeaker is up to?
a)20Hz b) 20KHz c) 20MHz
43. For any real g (t), the amplitude spectrum |G(f)| is an …………..
Function of ‘f’?
a) Odd b) Even c) Complex
44. For any real g(t), the phase spectrum θg(f) is an …………..
function of ‘f’?
a) Complex b) Even c) Odd
45. |e^jat| = …………? For a>0
a) 1 b) aj/t c) ∞
46. Linear combination of signals in the time domain corresponds to
……….. Combinations of their fourier transform in the frequency
domain.
a)Linear b) Non-linear c) Non
47. Fourier representation is a way of expressing a signal in terms of
everlasting ……………. Or exponentials?
 a)Sinusoids b) Saw tooth c) Discrete
48. Notation for a triangular pulse of unit height & width centered at
the origin is?
a)П(x) b) g(t) c) ∆(x)
49. Sinc(x) is an ………… function of ‘x’?
a) Even b) Odd c) Non of both
50. Sinc(x) is an even oscillatory function with ……………..
Amplitude?
a)Decreasing b) Increasing c) Constant
51. 1 for t>0; 0 for t=0; & -1 for t<0; this property holds for ……………..
functions?
a)U(t) b) П(t) c) Sgn(t)
52. For any signal; if g(t) is wider ,its spectrum is ……………..?
a)Narrower b) Wider c) Zero
53. For g(t-ț); ț does not change its ………….. Spectrum?
a) Phase b) Amplitude c) Frequency
54. Transmission is said to be distortion less if the input & output have the
identical wave shape within a …………. Constant?
a)Multiplicative b) –ive c) Unity
55. The energy Eg of a signal g(t) is defined as the area under ?
a) |g(t)|² b) g(t) c) √g(t)
56. Energy of modulated signal Eφ=………Eg(input signal)?

a)1 b)1/2 c)1/√2

CHAPTER # 04
AMPLITUDE MODULATION & DEMODULATION
57. Modulation ……………. Be analog or digital?
A)can b)cann’t c)none of these
58. Communication using modulation is known as ………………………
Communication.
A)carrier b)basebandc)analog
59. Signals having ……………. Cannot be transmitted over radio (wireless
link).
A)low frequency b)high frequency c)moderate frequency
60. Amplitude modulation is ………………. ?
a)non-linear b)use-less C)linear
61. If bandwidth of m(t) is 1/B Hz, then bandwidth of modulated
signal is?
a)2B B)2/B c)B/2
62. If ‘B’ is bandwidth of baseband signal & ‘ωc’ is the frequency of
carrier then relation b/w ‘B’ & ‘ωc’ to avoid overlapping is ?
A) ωc>=B b) ωc<B c) ωc≠B
63. Demodulation of DSB-SC requires two things
i..Local carrier
ii………………… ?
a)HPF b)BPF C)LPF
64. Modulation is referred to as tone modulation when baseband signal is?

a)m(t) B)pure sinusoid c)ramp

65. If cos(ωc)t is carrier; then the modulated signal is passed
through bandpass filter tuned to………..?
a) ω B) ωc c) (ωc)t
66. Achieving synchronous carrier signal, at demodulation is ………….. ?
 a)easy b)optional C)not easy
67. In point-to-point communication, there is one transmitter for
…………… receiver?
a)1 b)many C)every
68. The spectrum of AM transmitted signal is same as that of DSB-SC
transmitted signal, except for two additional impulses at……………?
a)+ ‘ωc’ b)- ‘ωc’ C)both a & b
69. In amplitude modulation ‘A’ is always chosen to be ?
A)+ive b)-ive c)zero
70. In amplitude modulation ‘A’ is large enough to ensure that …..
A)A+m(t)>=0 b) A+m(t)>= -1 c) A+m(t)<0
71. Envelope detection is an extremely simple & inexpensive operation

a)incomplete information b)false C)true

72. For envelope detection to be distortionless A>=mp & value of
modulation index is
A)0<=μ<=1 b)0< μ<1 c)0<= μ<∞
73. For overmodulation, envelop detection fails; here A<Mp &
modulation index has value?
a) μ<1 b) μ<0 C) μ>1
74. In envelope detection of AM, ripples are caused due
to……………..?
a)capacitor charging B)capacitor discharging
c)RC>>1/ωc
75. DSB spectrum has two sidebands; these are…………?
a)ssb &usb B)usb & lsb c)vsb & ssb
76. The Hilbert transform delays the phase of each spectral component by
…………… factor?
A)π/2 b) π/3 c) π/4
77. The phase shift method; selective-filtering method & weaver’s
method are used to generate ………….. signals.
a)DSB b)VSB
C)SSB
78. In AM, envelope detection requires the condition?

A)A>=|m(t)| b) A<|m(t)| c)A=10

79. In SSB+C, envelope detection requires the condition?
a) A>=|m(t)| b) A<|m(t)| C) A>>|
m(t)|
80. Chrominance signals, carry information about?
a)signal’s bandwidth b)channel’s bandwidth
C)colors
81. VSB modulation system inherits the advantages of…?
a)USB & SSB B)SSB & DSB c)LSB
& SSB
82. The bandwidth of the VSB signal is typically……….……. Higher
than that of the SSB signals.
A)25-33% b)24-33% c)25-34%

83. In any of the DSB, VSB & SSB modulation scheme; modulated
signal should be pass through ………….. filter before transmission.
a)band-stop B)band-pass
c)low-pass
84. The ……………………………. Is a very important device typically
used to track the phase and the frequency of the carrier component of
an incoming signal.
a)Envelope detector b)frequency mixer
C)Phase-locked loop
85. Frequency of voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) can be linearly
controlled by ?
a)Carrier b)Message signal C)none of both
86. In PLL, when phase error maintains a constant value; frequency
of PLL…..the incoming frequency ωo .
A)= b)< c)>

CHAPTER # 05
ANGLE MODULATION & DEMODULATION
87. Noise power is proportional to the modulated signal’s ………………….?

A)Band-width b)Amplitude c)Phase

88. Efforts were focused on finding a modulation scheme that would
reduce the…………?
a)Power b)Amplitude C)Band-width
89. For peak value of m(t)=mp ;band-width of FM signal is…………?
A)2K mp b)k mp c)2 mp
90. FM carrier frequency is given as ω(t)=ωc+km(t);it was believed
that for small value of k, small bandwidth can be achieved. The
experimental result …………………….. the concept.
a)Support b)Explains C)Fails
91. The FM band-width; as it turned out, is always ………………….
then the AM bandwidth?
A)>= b)< c)=

92. In FM “ωi” is varied linearly with the modulating signal while in

AM “ωi” is varied linearly with the ………………………. Of the
modulating signal.
A)Derivative b)square c)Integration
93. Historically, the angle modulation concept began with…………….?
a)AM b)PM C)FM
94. For most practical signals; PM is superior to?
A)FM b)AM c)Wrong information
95. The power of an angle-modulated wave (PM or FM); having
amplitude B is always?
a)A²/2 b)A² C)B²/2
96. Band limited signals can’t have jump discontinuities
A)True b)False
97. In most of the modulated signal, power resides in a ………………..
bandwidth?
a)Infinite b)2B C)Finite
98. The FM signal for the case of |kf a(t)| << 1 is called
………………….. FM?
A)Narrowband b)Wideband c)Fixed
band
99. NBPM also has the approximated bandwidth of ……………
a)B/2 b)B C)2B
100. The side spectrum for FM has a phase shift of ……. With respect
to the carrier?
A)π/2 b)π c)-π/2
101. The side spectrum for AM is in phase with the carrier
a)False B)True
 CHAPTER # 6
SAMPLING AND ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION
102. Analog signals can be digitized through sampling &
……………………?
a)Modulation b)Scaling C)Quantization
103. In the A\D converter, the sampling rate must be ………….. to
reconstructed the analog signal with sufficient accuracy.
a)Equal B)Large Enough c)Small Enough
104. If spectrum of g(t) is band limited to B Hz then……..?
a)G(f)=0 for |f|<B
B)G(f)=0 for |f|>B
c)G(f)≠0 for |f|>B
105. The minimum sampling frequency for perfect signal recovery is fS
=…….B Hz.
a)3 b)4 C)(4)1/2
106. Relationship between the sampled signal g¯(t) & the original
analog signal g(t) is …..?
a)g(t)= g¯(t)δ Ts (t)
B) g¯(t)=g(t)δ Ts (t)
c) g¯(t)=[1/g(t)]δ Ts (t)
107. g(t) can be recovered from its samples, by passing the sampled
signal through an ideal …………?
A) LPF of Bw =B Hz
b) LPF of Bw =2B Hz
c) LPF of Bw =0.5B Hz
108. Minimum sampling rate fs =2B; required to recover g(t) from its
samples g¯(t) is called the Nyquist rate for g¯(t)?
 a)True B)False
109. The process of reconstructing a continuous time signal g(t) from
its samples is also known as
a)Demodulation B)interpolation c)Nyquist
Samples
110. 2BTS=……….?
a)sin(θ) B)=1 c)-1
111. Ideal low pass filter is …………. & unrealizable.
a)Causal B)Non-causal c)Stable
112. g(t) is fully recover by reconstructed signal g̃(t) by passing it
through ….……?
A) Equalizers b) PLL c)
Amplifiers
113. g(t) is fully recover by reconstructed signal g̃(t) by passing it
through equalizer having transfer function E(f) such that
E(f).P(f)=……………..?
a) 0 for |f|>fS-B

b) TS for |f|>fS<B

C) Both a & b
d) Neither a nor b
114. The equalizer filter E(f) must be low pass in nature to stop all
frequency content above ………..?
A) fS-B b) fS+B c) B-fS
115. In signal reconstruction, very little distortion remains when very
short ………. Pulses are used?
a)Sinc B)Rectangular c)Delta
116. In practice; signal is sampled above Nyquist rate because ideal
low- pass filter is unrealizable
 A) True b)False
117. A time limited signal ………………. Be band limited?
a)Can b)Will C)Cannot
118. All practicle signals are ……………….?
a)Time-limited b)Non-band limited C)Both a &
b

119. We can ……………. Several pulse modulated signals on the same

channel by interweaving them.
a)Receive B)Transmit c)Not transmit
120. We can multiplex several signals on the same channel by
reducing ………?
A) Pulse width b) Amplitude c) Noise
121. PCM system diagram
LPF Sample ? Bit-
i.   
r encoder

a)BPF B)Quantizer c)Demodulator

122. Most recent application of PCM…….?
A) CD b) VCD c) DVD
123. Digital messages can be transmitted over longer distances with
greater reliability; by the use of ……………..?
a) Quantizers b) Bit-encoder C) Repeater
124. In quantizing there are two sources of error; quantization and
pulse detection; in practical schemes …………… error can be ignored.
a) Quantization B) Pulse detection
125. Maximum quantization error is…………?
a) +ΔV/2 b) - ΔV/2 C) (+/-)ΔV/2
126. Statistically it is found that ……………amplitudes predominate in
speech?
A) Smaller b) Larger