Bogra Formula[edit]

The Bogra Formula was a political compromise presented and proposed by Prime Minister

Bogra on 7 October 1953 before the Constituent Assembly.[43] Upon taking the control of
the Prime Minister's Secretariat, Bogra announced that drafting of the codified Constitution was
his primary target, and within six months, he announced a proposal that leads to the drafting of
the constitution writ.[43]
The framework proposed the establishment of more effective bicameral parliament that would be
composed of National Assembly and the Senate with equal representation from then-five
provinces: Punjab, Khyber–Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Sindh, and Bengal.[43] 
A total of 300 seats were to be reserved for the National Assembly on the basis of proportionate
representation and 50 for the Senate that would be equal representation for all the five provinces
of the country.[43]
Under this framework, the larger number of constituencies were given to Bengal which had 165
reserved seats in contrast to Punjab which had 75, Khyber–Pakhtunkhwa, which had 24, Sindh
which had 19, and Balochistan which had 17 reserved seats
.[43] Tribal areas, Karachi metropolitan area, Bahawalpur, Khairpur, Baluchistan States Union,
were combined as 24 reserved seats.[43]
In this framework, Bengal had given more seats due to its social homogeneity in the National
Assembly than the combined reserved seats for the four provinces and the federal capital which,
all were socially heterogeneous and ethically diverse.[43] But combined the reserved seats in the
four provinces were in balance with Bengal in the bicameral parliament.[43] Both the houses were
given equal power, and in case of a conflict between the two houses, the issue was to be
presented before a joint session.[43]
The Bogra framework also addresses the check and balance to avoid the permanent domination
by any five provinces where a provision was made that if the President was elected from the four
provinces then the Prime Minister was to be elected from East Bengal, and vice versa.[43] 
The President was to be elected for a term of 5 years from the indirect elections by the Electoral
College formed by both houses: National Assembly and the Senate.[43]
The Supreme Court of Pakistan was to be given more power and institutional judicial
independence that would permanently replace the Islamic clergy to decide if a law was in
accordance with the basic teachings of the Koran or not.[43]
The Bogra formulae was highly popular and widely welcomed by the people as opposed to
the Basic Principles Committee led by Prime Minister Nazimuddin as it was seen as great
enthusiasm amongst the masses as they considered it as a plan that could bridge the gulf
between the two wings of Pakistan and would act as a source of unity for the country.[43]
In 1955, the One Unit Scheme integrated the four provinces of the western wing of Pakistan into a single
province, West Pakistan.[43][44][45]
The compromise did not settled to its ground when Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad,
threatened by curbing of his powers, dissolved the Constituent Assembly in 1954 with the
support of Pakistan military and civil bureaucracy.[46][47]

One Unit[edit]
Main article: One Unit
Following the failure of reaching concession on Bogra Formula, he began working towards the
controversial One Unit program that integrated the Four Provinces into a single nation-state and
began advocating for such idea when he quoted:
There will be no Bengalis, no Punjabis, no Sindhis, no Pathans, no Balochis, no Bahawalpuris,
no Khairpuris. The disappearance of these groups will strengthen the integrity of Pakistan...

— Prime Minister M. A. Bogra, presenting the One Unit on 22 November 1954 [48]

 The One Unit program was met with great resistance and grievances were raised by the four
provinces since its establishment. The National Awami Party successfully sponsored a bill in the
National Assembly calling for its dissolution and providing for regional autonomy. This led to the
military takeover of the national government.[4] The One Unit programme remained in effect until
1970.[1] Finally, President General Yahya Khan imposed Legal Framework Order No. 1970 to end
the One Unit program and reinstate the provisional status of the Four Provinces as of August
1947.[

One Unit was conceived by then-Governor-General Malik Ghulam and drafting was completed by
then-chief Minister Mumtaz Ali Doltana. The first official announcement about it was made on 22
November 1954. Rationalizing the framework, Bogra enumerated the benefits of having one unit
or province: "There will be no Bengalis, no Punjabis, no Sindhis, no Pathans, no Balochis, no
Bahawalpuris, no Khairpuris. The disappearance of these groups will strengthen the integrity of
Pakistan."[5] The Prime Minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali implemented the framework of the One
Unit program on 14 October 1955 after Pakistan National Assembly passed a bill merging all of
West Pakistan into a single province on 30 September 1955.
1. It would end the curse of provincial prejudices.
2. It would allow the development of backward areas.
3. It would reduce administrative expenses.
4. It would make it easier to draw up a new constitution.
5. It would give East and West Pakistan maximum autonomy.
After the 1954 general election, the four provinces and Tribal Areas were merged in the western
wing. The province was composed of twelve divisions and the provincial capital was established
at Lahore. The province of East Bengal (including Sylhet and the Hill Tracts) was renamed East
Pakistan with the provincial capital at Dacca. The federal government moved the country's
capital in the beginning of the year 1959 from Karachi to Rawalpindi (serving as provisional
capital until town planning of the Islamabad was carried out and accomplished.
West Pakistan formed a single and united political entity but with marked linguistic and ethnic
distinctions. The One Unit policy was regarded as an administrative reform that would reduce
expenditure and help eliminate ethnic and parochial prejudices. However, with the military coup
of 1958, trouble loomed for the province when the office of Chief Minister was abolished and the
President claimed executive power over West Pakistan. The province of West Pakistan was
dissolved on 1 July 1970 by President General Yahya Khan.

Past elections:General elections from 1954 to 2018[edit]

1st elections  : 1954 (indirect elections) = ML
2nd elections  : 1962 (non-party based indirect elections)
3rd elections : 1970 = AL
4th elections : 1977 = PPP
5th elections : 1985 = IND (non-party based elections)
6th elections : 1988 = PPP
7th elections : 1990 = PML
8th elections : 1993 = PPP
9th elections : 1997 = PML-N
10th elections : 2002 = PML-Q
11th elections : 2008 = PPP
12th elections : 2013 = PML-N
13th elections : 2018 = PTI