Praktik Sistem Kontrol

Pneumatics
2021
Project Based Course
OUTPUT Program:
• Project Simulation
• Presentation & Demos PLC
• Video (project) & Report

• Marks are students responsibility, lecturer facilitating to obtain the marks

Points:
• UTS : Pneumatic Project System {demos software pneumatic }
• UAS : Pneumatic with PLC {Presentation & Demos}
• Assignment : Proposal, Final Report ( Result) & Video
• Min marks : 56 ( 70% present)
Activities
• Day 0 Introduction, Course contract, Industry 4.0
• Day 1 Pneumatic system standard, time chart practice (analog), manual
system
• Day 2 Pneumatic practice (analog and digital), create time chart Practice
manual system
• Day 3 Presentation and demonstration local/secondary control system
(assessment UTS)
• Day 4 PLC programming (basic) time chart and logic & PLC programming
with pneumatics
• Day 5 Presentation and demonstration (Assessment UAS)

• Homework: Video and report work (Assignment)

Requirements
• Class Coordinator
• Group division
• Lab Suit
• LCD Projector (make sure it is functioning)
• White board + boardmarker
• Extension Cables
• Laptop in Group (in Group at least)
• Softwares installed (in Group at least) –PLC
• PLC (provided)
Ref
• Curtis, D. Teknik Instrumentasi Kontrol Prosses, PEDC, 1989
• Ogata, K., Modern Control Engineering, Prentice-Hall of India Private
Limited, New Delhi, 1981
• Bolton; Instrumentation and control systems; Erlangga Juni 2006
• Bolton; Programmable Logic Controller; Erlangga 2004
• Prasetya S, Sistem Otomasi, PNJ, 2010
• Handbook SCADA control systems security, CRC Press 2013
• Industry 4.0, the industrial internet of things, Apress 2016
• Internet of Things (IoT) Systems, Springer 2018
Basic
• Control System
• What is control?

Result =
Target Process Result Target?
Type of control

Control

Continue Discrete

Linear Non Linear Conditional Sequence

Control
• Simple block system

Process output
input

• Manual
• Automatic
Input devices

 Push buttons
 Switches (limit switches, level switches, etc.)
 Sensors
 Timer
 ...
Output devices
 Relay contacts
 Solenoid valves to pneumatics or hydraulics
 Signal devices ( lamps, alarms, etc.)
 Heaters
 Motors
What are Pneumatics usage?
• Operation of system valves for air, water or chemicals
• Operation of heavy or hot doors
• Unloading of hoppers in building, steel making, mining and chemical industries
• Lifting and moving in slab molding machines
• Crop spraying and operation of other tractor equipment
• Spray painting
•Holding in jigs and fixtures in assembly machinery and machine tools
• Holding for gluing, heat sealing or welding plastics
•Forming operations of bending, drawing and flattening
• Spot welding machines
• Riveting
• Operation of guillotine blades
• Bottling and filling machines
• Wood working machinery drives and feeds
• Test rigs
• Machine tool, work or tool feeding
• Component and material conveyor transfer
• Pneumatic robots
• Auto gauging
• Air separation and vacuum lifting of thin sheets
• Dental drills
• and so much more… new applications are developed daily
Why compressed air?
• Availability

• Storage

• Simplicity of design and control

• Choice of movement

• Economy
Properties of compressed air

• Reliability

• Resistance to Environment

• Environmentally clean.

• Safety
 Pressure
• It should be noted that the SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa)
• 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 (Newton per square meter)
• This unit is extremely small and so, to avoid huge numbers in
practice, an agreement has been made to use the bar as a unit
of 100,000 Pa.
• 100,000 Pa = 100 kPa = 1 bar

• Atmospheric Pressure
• =14.696 psi =1.01325 bar =1.03323 kgf/cm 2.
 Isothermic change (Boyle’s Law)
with constant temperature, the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely
proportional to its volume

• P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 • Example P2 = ?
• P1 = Pa (1.013bar)
• P2 = P1 x V1 • V1 = 1m³
V2 • V2 = .5m³

• V2 = P1 x V1 • P2 = 1.013 x 1
.5
P2
• = 2.026 bar
Isobaric change (Charles Law)
… at constant pressure, a given mass of gas increases in volume by 1 of its volume for every
degree C in temperature rise. 273

• Example V2 = ?
• V1 = T1
• V1 = 2m³
• V2 T2
• T1 = 273°K (0°C)
• T2 = 303°K (30°C)
• V2 = V1 x T2
T1
• T2 = T1 x V2 • V2 = 2 x 303 273
V1 • = 2.219m³
Isochoric change Law of Gay Lussac
at constant volume, the pressure is proportional to the temperature

• Example P2 = ?
• P1 x P2 T1 x T2 • P1 = 4bar
• P2 = P1 x T2 • T1 = 273°K (O°C)
T1 • T2 = 298°K (25°C)
• T2 = T1 x P2
P1 • P2 = 4 x 298 273
• = 4.366bar
 Komponen Sistem Pneumatik
System pneumatik terdiri dari beberapa
tingkatan yang mencerminkan perangkat keras
dan aliran sinyal. Beberapa tingkatan
membentuk lintasan kontrol untuk aliran
sinyal mulai dari sinyal masukan menuju sinyal
keluaran.
 Komponen Utama
• Sistem pembangkitan udara terkompresi (kompresor,
cooler, dryer, tanki penyimpanan)
• Unit pengolahan udara (filter, regulator tekanan,
lutrifier)
• Katup sebagai pengatur arah, tekanan, dan aliran
fluida
• Aktuator (energi fluida menjadi energi gerak)
• Sistem perpipaan
• Sensor dan transduser
• Sistem kendali dan display
 Susunan Sistem Pneumatik
• Catu daya (energi supply)
• Elemen masukan (sensors)
• Elemen pengolah (processors)
• Elemen kerja (actuators)
Bagan Sistem Pneumatik
Beberapa elemen dalam sistem Pneumatik
Beberapa elemen dalam sistem Pneumatik

• Compressor: Pemampat
udara
Beberapa elemen dalam sistem Pneumatik
• Penggerak Pneumatik:
Memberikan gaya gerak
dengan pemberian
Contoh silinder double acting
tekanan udara
Beberapa elemen dalam sistem Pneumatik

• Solenoid Valve
(tunggal)
• Prinsip kerja
Mengarahkan aliran
udara bertekanan
Prinsip kerja: Contoh direction valve
Beberapa elemen dalam sistem Pneumatik

• Regulators Control
Pressure :membatasi
tekanan udara pada
sistem pneumatis
Prinsip kerja sistem pneumatik

compressor
solenoid valve

cylinder

reservoir tank
Simbol dalam sistem pneumatik
Simbol dalam sistem pneumatik
Simbol dalam sistem pneumatik
Simbol dalam sistem pneumatik
Metode-metode penggerak valve
2/2 way valve
3/2 way valve
Cara Kerja Actuator
Cara Kerja Actuator
Struktur sistem kontrol Pneumatics
Contoh diagram rangkaian sistem
Contoh Aplikasi Sistem Pneumatics