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SPECIAL OPERATIONS
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PROCEDURES
SPECIAL OPERATIONS
FCOM A321
FLIGHT CREW PRELIMINARY PAGES - TABLE OF CONTENTS
OPERATING MANUAL
PRO-SPO-25-20 Limitations
LIMITATIONS...........................................................................................................................................................A
PRO-SPO-25-30 Procedures
PREFLIGHT............................................................................................................................................................. A
ABN AND EMER PROCEDURES...........................................................................................................................B
PRO-SPO-25-40 Performance
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
Second Segment Gradient Condition......................................................................................................................B
Final Takeoff Condition........................................................................................................................................... C
En Route Condition................................................................................................................................................. D
Go Around Performance..........................................................................................................................................E
Flight Planning......................................................................................................................................................... F
Climb........................................................................................................................................................................G
Cruise.......................................................................................................................................................................H
Descent......................................................................................................................................................................I
RACE TRACK HOLDING PATTERN.......................................................................................................................J
En Route Net Flight Plan........................................................................................................................................ K
Gross Ceilings at Long Range and Green Dot Speeds - One Engine Out............................................................. L
PRO-SPO-40-50 Procedures
GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................ A
COCKPIT PREPARATION...................................................................................................................................... B
ABN and EMER Procedures...................................................................................................................................C
PRO-SPO-40-60 Performance
General.....................................................................................................................................................................A
MAXIMUM DIVERSION DISTANCE....................................................................................................................... B
ETOPS Fuel From Critical Point to Landing - All Engines - Cruise at LRC............................................................C
ETOPS Fuel From Critical Point to Landing - One Engine Out - Cruise at 350kt.................................................. D
ETOPS Fuel From Critical Point to Landing - One Engine Out - Cruise at 320kt...................................................E
ETOPS Fuel requirement from Critical Point to Landing - Example....................................................................... F
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-00001883.0001001 / 20 MAY 15
Applicable to: ALL
FUEL TRANSFER
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-00006150.0001001 / 10 JAN 11
Applicable to: VN-A322, VN-A334, VN-A335, VN-A336, VN-A350, VN-A351, VN-A352, VN-A353, VN-A354, VN-A356, VN-A357, VN-A359,
VN-A360, VN-A361, VN-A362, VN-A363, VN-A365, VN-A366, VN-A367, VN-A390, VN-A602, VN-A606, VN-A610
Automatic fuel transfer from the ACT(s) to the center tank will not occur during flight without cabin
pressurization. At the time when the automatic fuel transfer from the ACT(s) should start, the “ACT
XFR FAULT” ECAM caution will be triggered to indicate that the automatic transfer will not occur.
The flight crew should follow the ECAM caution to perform a manual fuel transfer.
OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-00001884.0001001 / 10 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
CREW MEMBERS
See FAR 121.329 or JAR-OPS 1.770
PASSENGERS
For flight at cabin pressure altitudes above 10 000 ft, up to and including 14 000 ft, there must be
enough oxygen to supply 10 % of the passengers for the flight at those altitudes that lasts more
than 30 min.
For flight at cabin pressure altitudes above 14 000 ft, up to and including 15 000 ft, there must be
enough oxygen for 30 % of the passengers.
For flight at cabin pressure altitudes above 15 000 ft, there must be enough oxygen for all
passengers.
ALTITUDE
Flight route planning should consider the above-stated restriction in cabin altitude. If cabin
altitude exceeds 9 550 ± 350 ft, the EXCESS CAB ALT warning on the ECAM will be activated.
When above 14 000 ft, the passenger oxygen masks will drop automatically. Therefore, the
recommended maximum altitude for prolonged flight is FL 100. The minimum altitude should be
selected by respecting :
‐ The Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA),
‐ Turbulence, which is uncomfortable for passengers and,
‐ Low Outside Air Temperature (OAT), which can be uncomfortable for passengers when the
cabin is ventilated by ram air only.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-A-00001983.0001001 / 10 DEC 09
AIRSPEED
If decompression is due to structural damage, consider airspeed reduction. Use slats and flaps, as
necessary, to establish low speed conditions. In addition, turbulent conditions are uncomfortable
for passengers, and gust response should be minimized by reducing airspeed.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-A-00001984.0001001 / 10 DEC 09
SYSTEMS
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-00001990.0001001 / 20 MAY 15
Applicable to: VN-A344
SYSTEMS
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-00001990.0002001 / 20 MAY 15
Applicable to: VN-A322, VN-A323, VN-A324, VN-A325, VN-A326, VN-A327, VN-A329, VN-A331, VN-A332, VN-A334, VN-A335, VN-A336,
VN-A338, VN-A339, VN-A350, VN-A351, VN-A352, VN-A353, VN-A354, VN-A356, VN-A357, VN-A358, VN-A359, VN-A360, VN-A361,
VN-A362, VN-A363, VN-A365, VN-A366, VN-A367, VN-A390, VN-A392, VN-A393, VN-A395, VN-A396, VN-A397, VN-A399, VN-A601,
VN-A602, VN-A603, VN-A604, VN-A605, VN-A606, VN-A608, VN-A609, VN-A610, VN-A611, VN-A612
RAM AIR................................................................................................................................. ON
Note: If the "AVIONICS SMOKE" procedure has to be applied, the following flight time
limitations have to be considered to protect the avionic equipment :
At ISA +40 : 0.5 h
At ISA +30 : 1.5 h
At ISA +20 : 4 h
At ISA +10 and below : No limitation.
MAX FL ....................................................................................................................100 or MSA
Between FL 80 and FL 150, oxygen must be provided for 2 % of the passengers. This is
provided by the portable oxygen system. When it is no longer available, descend to FL 80. For
performance at FL 80/250 kt : Use data for FL 100/LRC (Refer to PER-CRZ-CRT-30 LONG
RANGE CRUISE - ISA) and increase fuel consumption by 6 %.
If both CAB PRESS systems are inoperative, or if there is structural damage:
TEST OF THE MANUAL OPERATION OF THE OUTFLOW VALVE ON GROUND:
PACK 1 pb-sw and PACK 2 pb-sw ..................................................................................... OFF
OUTFLOW VALVE FULLY OPEN...................................................................................CHECK
Check that the outflow valve is fully open on the CAB PRESS SD page
RPCU CB (X23 ON 122VU)............................................................................................... PULL
MODE SEL pb ................................................................................................................... MAN
MAN V/S CTL ....................................................................................................................... DN
Check that the outflow valve is fully closed on the CAB PRESS SD page
MAN V/S CTL ....................................................................................................................... UP
Check that the outflow valve is fully open on the CAB PRESS SD page
MODE SEL pb .................................................................................................................. AUTO
RPCU CB (X23 ON 122VU).............................................................................................. PUSH
PACK 1 pb-sw and PACK 2 pb-sw .......................................................................................ON
MAX FL ....................................................................................................................100 or MSA
Between FL 80 and FL 150, oxygen must be provided for 2 % of the passengers. This is
provided by the portable oxygen system. When it is no longer available, descend to FL 80. For
performance at FL 80/250 kt : Use data for FL 100/LRC (Refer to PER-CRZ-CRT-30 LONG
RANGE CRUISE - ISA) and increase fuel consumption by 6 %.
TAKEOFF
Limit the aircraft's rate of climb to about 500 ft/min.
PERFORMANCE DATA
Ident.: PRO-SPO-20-00001991.0003001 / 10 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
The following table enables the fuel consumption and the time needed from takeoff to landing to be
determined in case of flight without cabin pressurization.
The table is established for :
‐ Takeoff
‐ Climb from 1 500 ft at 250 kt
‐ Long range cruise speed at FL 100
‐ Descent to 1 500 ft at 250 kt
‐ Approach and landing : IMC procedure 140 kg or 310 lb (6 min)
‐ ISA temperature
‐ CG = 25 %
‐ Normal air conditioning
‐ Anti ice OFF
The table (Refer to PRO-SPO-20 Ground Distance/Air Distance Conversion) gives the conversion
from ground distance to air distance
Note: For each degree Celcius above ISA temperature apply a correction of 0.01 (kg/°C/NM) or
0.022 (lb/°C/NM).
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-10-00001997.0001001 / 14 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
This Chapter applies to dispatch with landing gear down. However, the limitations and inflight
performance also apply in case of an inflight landing gear retraction failure.
Revenue flight is permitted, with the landing gear down and the gear doors closed, in the conditions
stated below.
LIMITATIONS
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-20-00001999.0002001 / 14 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
PREFLIGHT
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-30-00002000.0002001 / 14 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
VMO/MMO with the landing gear down is 235 kt/M .60. In the avionics compartment, on 188 VU, the
VMO-MMO switch must be set to the "L/G DOWN" position.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
Failure cases, which would normally lead to ALTN law, will degrade F/CTL laws down to DIRECT
law, if the landing gear is extended.
FAILURE OF BOTH ENGINES
When both engines are failed, to ease the handling of all the different ECAM procedures resulting
from this all engine flame out situation, it is recommended to use the ENG DUAL FAILURE QRH
paper procedure, and if time permits, to clear the ECAM.
Follow all the steps of the QRH paper procedure, except those that are modified by the procedure
below :
If APU is not available
‐ Attempt an APU start
‐ . If APU start is unsuccessful, a windmilling relight can be performed, as long as the speed
is above 260 kt (corresponding N2 above 18 %). In this case, increase the aircraft speed
and disregard VMO warning.
If APU is available : perform an assisted relight, when below FL 200.
‐ Flight controls are in direct laws. Use manual pitch trim as necessary (not indicated on PFD
if APU GEN not available).
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00002004.0001001 / 14 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
Consider the increase in drag to determine the takeoff weight and fuel consumption.
CONF 1 + F is the recommended takeoff configuration.
Note: Takeoff with tail wind is not recommended.
Penalties on takeoff performance affect second segment gradient condition, final takeoff condition
and en-route conditions. The takeoff weight to be retained is the most limiting of these three
conditions.
The RTOW charts or the quick reference tables give the basic information for normal takeoff. To
simplify, a constant weight reduction is applied whatever the limitation. This weight reduction covers
the most critical case presented for flying over an obstacle.
Takeoff configuration 1+F 2 3
Weight reduction 21 % 19 % 17 %
METHOD
Use the RTOW chart or the quick-reference tables to define the maximum takeoff weight for the
conditions on the airport (temperature, pressure, wind, runway...), then apply the above weight
reduction.
EN ROUTE CONDITION
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00002008.0006001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
Retain the lowest weight according to the most limiting condition (second segment or final takeoff).
Use the en route net flight path (Refer to PRO-SPO-25-40 En Route Net Flight Path) to check that in
case of engine failure the aircraft can clear the terrain on the route by 1 000 ft (climbing) or 2 000 ft
(descending). If necessary, reduce the takeoff weight. Read the speeds corresponding to this weight
in the RTOW chart or in the quick reference tables.
GO AROUND PERFORMANCE
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00002010.0003001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
FLIGHT PLANNING
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00002011.0001001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
Note: The performance tables are established at ISA. For each degree Celsius above ISA
temperature and per NM of air distance apply a fuel correction of 0.05 kg/°C/NM
(0.11 lb/°C/NM).
CLIMB
Climb at 230 kt/M 0.50 with both engines at maximum climb thrust. The table (Refer to
PRO-SPO-25-40 Climb) gives the time, distance and fuel consumption according to takeoff weight.
CRUISE/DESCENT
The recommended cruise/descent speed is 230 kt/M 0.50.
The ceiling on one engine may be a limiting factor, and the choice of the route should reflect this
concern.
ENGINE FAILURE
In case of engine failure, the airplane will drift down to the ceiling shown (Refer to
PRO-SPO-25-40 Gross Ceilings at Long Range and Green Dot Speeds - One Engine Out).
The thrust for drift down will be Maximum Continuous.
The drift down speed is equal to green dot speed.
HOLDING
For the holding parameters with slats out, this configuration being the least penalizing for holding:
Refer to PRO-SPO-25-40 Race Track Holding Pattern.
CLIMB
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00002012.0022001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
CRUISE
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00002014.0022001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
DESCENT
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00002016.0026001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
GROSS CEILINGS AT LONG RANGE AND GREEN DOT SPEEDS - ONE ENGINE OUT
Ident.: PRO-SPO-25-40-00004080.0010001 / 22 MAY 12
Applicable to: ALL
BLEED CORRECTIONS
ISA ≥ ISA +10
ENGINE ANTI ICE ON -2 100 ft -3 100 ft
LONG RANGE
TOTAL ANTI ICE ON -4 200 ft -5 200 ft
ENGINE ANTI ICE ON -1 500 ft -1 900 ft
GREEN DOT
TOTAL ANTI ICE ON -2 600 ft -3 200 ft
INTRODUCTION
Ident.: PRO-SPO-35-00002023.0001001 / 07 DEC 10
Applicable to: ALL
Two failures must be taken into consideration for en route obstacle clearance over mountainous
area :
‐ Engine failure that forces a descent to a lower cruise level
‐ Depressurization which, due to the passenger oxygen system, requires a descent to 10 000 ft
before supplementary oxygen is exhausted.
ENGINE FAILURE
Ident.: PRO-SPO-35-00002024.0001001 / 09 OCT 12
Applicable to: ALL
If the standard strategy does not allow the aircraft to clear obstacles, the pilot must use a drift down
procedure. If an engine failure occurs at any point on the route, the net flight path must clear the
obstacles on the drift-down part by 2 000 ft and on the climb part by 1 000 ft.
If the aircraft cannot clear the en route obstacles, a point of no return (PNR) must be determined.
If an engine failure occurs after the PNR, the aircraft must drift down on course. If the failure occurs
before the PNR, the aircraft must turn back.
For en route net flight paths, refer to the Aircraft Flight Manual.
DEPRESSURIZATION
Ident.: PRO-SPO-35-00002026.0001001 / 07 DEC 10
Applicable to: ALL
CONCLUSION
Ident.: PRO-SPO-35-00002027.0001001 / 14 DEC 09
Applicable to: ALL
A detailed study of each route over mountainous area must show that single-engine net flight path
and passenger oxygen system performance allow the aircraft to clear the obstacles by 1 000 ft in
climb and by 2 000 ft in cruise or descent.
If the aircraft in these circumstances cannot clear the obstacles on the route, a PNR must be
determined and diversion procedures must be established.
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-10-00002029.0001001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
The system design and the reliability of the engine installation of this airplane comply with the criteria
for Extended Twin Operations (ETOPS) flights set forth in AMC 20-6 rev. 2 (EASA) or FAR 25.1535
(FAA), when the aircraft is configured, maintained and operated in accordance with the Airbus CMP
(Configuration, Maintenance and Procedure) document.
This statement of ability does not constitute an approval to conduct Extended-Range Operations.
The ETOPS EXTENDED OPERATIONS Chapter of the AFM APPENDICES AND SUPPLEMENTS
Section refers to the approved Standard for Extended-Range Operations and the applicable
limitations, procedures and performance references.
The operator is responsible for showing that he is complying with the regulation of his nation and for
obtaining operational approval from his national authorities. The operator may amend this chapter, as
needed.
The airplane must be configured in accordance with the Airbus Standard for Extended-Range
Operations. However, the authorities may under certain conditions allow the operator to conduct
ETOPS flights with limited maximum diversion time (for example, 75 min diversion time in a benign
area of operation) without showing full compliance with these standards.
DEFINITIONS
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-20-00002031.0001001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
For the purpose of EU-OPS 1-245 and FAR 121-161, Extended-Range Operations are those
intended to be conducted over a route that contains a point beyond 60 min from an adequate airport
at the selected one-engine-inoperative speed in still air and ISA (or prevailing delta ISA) conditions.
An adequate airport is an airport which satisfies the aircraft performance requirements applicable
at the expected landing weight, and sufficiently equipped to be safely used. In particular, at the
anticipated time of use, it should be available and equipped with the necessary services, including
ATC, weather information, navaids and emergency services.
An ETOPS (en-route) alternate airport is a confirmed adequate airport which satisfies the dispatch
weather minima requirements for ceiling and visibility within the required validity period.
AREA OF OPERATION
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-20-00002032.0001001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
The ETOPS area of operations is the airspace within which the distance to an ETOPS adequate
airport is less than the ETOPS Max Diversion distance.
The ETOPS maximum diversion distance from an adequate airport must be determined for ISA
(or prevailing delta ISA) and no-wind conditions, taking into account aircraft performance with one
engine inoperative and the remaining engine operating at MCT.
To determine the ETOPS maximum diversion distance from an adequate airport, the operator must
define a One Engine Inoperative diversion speed for performance computation.
The same approved one-engine-inoperative diversion speed (Refer to PER-OEI-GEN-05
STRATEGY) must be considered for :
‐ Establishing the area of operation,
‐ Calculating the single-engine fuel planning,
‐ Conducting the diversion in case of engine failure (conditions permitting).
The operator has to define an aircraft weight at diversion that is considered for the ETOPS Maximum
Diversion Distance calculation. This aircraft weight can be taken as a representative but conservative
value of the aircraft gross weight at the critical point of the route or at the various critical points of all
the routes included in a given sector.
The approved one-engine-inoperative descent and cruise speed must be chosen so that the
associated net flight path clears the en-route obstacles with the regulatory margin. However, a
speed other than the approved one-engine-inoperative speed may be used as the basis for obstacle
clearance as long as the fuel required with that speed is covered by the critical fuel scenario.
Refer to PER-OEI-GEN-15 PROCEDUREfor these two one-engine-inoperative speeds.
When the one-engine-inoperative diversion speed is chosen, the maximum distance from a diversion
airport, can be directly determined for different maximum diversion times, with the help of the tables
provided in this section. The area of possible ETOPS operation can then be drawn on plotting charts.
Another way to determine the maximum distance to a diversion airport is to read the
one-engine-inoperative cruise TAS (for the reference gross weight and at the FL for best TAS) in
the cruise tables (Refer to PER-OEI-GEN-05 STRATEGY) taking into consideration the appropriate
speed strategy and the minimum altitude for clearing possible obstacles. The maximum distance the
aircraft can travel to a diversion airport is this one-engine-inoperative-TAS multiplied by the maximum
allowed diversion time granted to the operator.
Operators whose authorities require that an approved one-engine-inoperative speed be published in
the Flight Manual must use this approved speed.
MMEL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-30-00002035.0001001 / 03 DEC 13
Applicable to: ALL
The MMEL has been approved taking into consideration the duration of the average ETOPS flight
and the maximum diversion time granted to the airframe/engine combination.
The MMEL published by Airbus and approved by the EASA can be used to establish the airline MEL,
which must be approved by the operator's national authorities.
This MEL will probably be adapted to the airline network, environment and organization.
Other determining parameters will be :
• The maximum and the average diversion times on the route.
• The equipment of the enroute alternates.
• The navigation and communication facilities.
• The average meteorological conditions.
According to EASA AMC 20-6 rev 2 and FAA 121.646 for establishing the ETOPS critical fuel
reserves, the operator must consider three diversion scenarios:
‐ Pressurization Failure
Same Flight Profile as above, but all engines operating and Diversion Cruise Speed* set to LRC.
‐ Engine Failure
Same Flight Profile as above, but standard descent speed and Diversion Cruise at the FL**
appropriate to gross engine out ceiling at the selected ETOPS diversion speed.
‐ FAA Fuel Requirements
For the first two scenarios, involving depressurization, the required block fuel must be calculated
in accordance with the operator’s ETOPS fuel policy and using the regulatory ETOPS critical fuel
reserves Refer to PRO-SPO-40-30 ETOPS Critical Fuel Reserves.
Depending on the approved one-engine-inoperative speed selected for the single-engine diversion
strategy, either of these two scenarios may result in the higher fuel requirement.
The scenario resulting in the higher fuel requirement is called the ETOPS critical fuel scenario, and
the associated minimum block fuel requirement is the ETOPS critical fuel plan.
Note that, it is not necessary to calculate the 3rd scenario (engine failure), as this scenario is never
critical, due to the higher diversion flight level.
For the computation of the ETOPS critical fuel reserves and of the complete ETOPS critical fuel
planning according to EASA AMC 20-6 rev 2 and FAR 121.646, the diversion fuel must include the
following fuel provisions:
‐ Fuel burn-off from the critical point to the end of descent at the alternate airport
‐ Fuel for 15 min of holding at 1 500 ft and green dot speed at the alternate
‐ Fuel for an instrument approach and landing
‐ Fuel to account for errors in wind forecasting (5 % wind speed factor on actual forecast wind
speeds or 5 % fuel if actual forecast wind speeds are not used)
‐ Fuel to account for aircraft deterioration (use a demonstrated performance factor or 5 %)
‐ Fuel to account for any Configuration Deviation List (CDL) or MEL item
‐ Fuel to account for Icing Effects (if forecast) for the critical mission
‐ Fuel to account for APU use (only for the one-engine-inoperative scenario, if APU is operative)
WIND ERRORS
A 5 % wind speed factor (i.e. an increment to headwind or a decrement to tailwind) on the actual
forecast wind should be used to account for potential errors. However if the operator is not using
the actual forecast wind based on a wind model acceptable to the certification authorities then 5 %
of the fuel for the critical scenario is required as a reserve fuel.
ICING
The most critical scenario must be compensated for the greater of:
A. The effect of airframe icing during 10 % of the time during which icing is forecast, including ice
accumulation on unprotected surfaces, and the fuel used by engine and wing anti-ice during
this period.
B. Fuel for engine and wing anti-ice for the entire time during which icing is forecast.
Note: The ETOPS icing fuel reserve is always limited by (B)
Unless a reliable icing forecast is available, icing may be presumed to occur when the Total Air
Temperature (TAT) is less than +10 °C, or if the outside air temperature is between 0 °C and
-20 °C with a relative humidity of 55 % or more.
APU
Fuel consumption of 80 kg/h / or 176 lb/h (APU GEN ON, APU BLEED OFF).
In view of our experience, Airbus recommends that the operator includes a contingency fuel
provision from departure to the Critical Point (CP), when computing the ETOPS critical fuel
planning.
The operator must compare the entire ETOPS critical fuel planning for the ETOPS critical fuel
scenario with the standard fuel planning computed in accordance with the company fuel policy and
applicable operational requirements. The higher of the two fuel requirements must be considered as
the minimum required block fuel for the flight.
WEATHER MINIMA
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-30-00002046.0001001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
Weather forecasts for en-route alternates must meet the operator’s applicable weather minimum
requirements.
This paragraph provides the applicable minima required by EASA (EU-OPS 1/ AMC 20-6 rev. 2) and
FAA (AC120-42B).
A. EASA DISPATCH WEATHER MINIMA (EU-OPS 1/ AMC 20-6 REV. 2)
An airplane cannot be dispatched unless the meteorological forecasts at ETOPS en-route
alternate airports meet the weather minima listed here for a period commencing at the earliest
potential time of landing and ending one hour after the latest expected time of landing:
Approach Type Min ETOPS Ceiling Min ETOPS Visibility
Precision approach DH/DA +200 ft Authorised visibility +800 m
Non-Precision or Circling approach MDH/MDA +400 ft Authorised visibility +1 500 m
CAT II/CAT III approach Specific approval required Specific approval required
The technical criteria governing a re-routing or diversion decision can be classified into four
categories, as follows :
‐ Loss of MNPS capability, before entering the MNPS area (as applicable).
‐ Weather minima at diversion airport(s) going below the company/crew en-route minima, before
reaching the ETOPS Entry Point, or diversion airport(s) becoming unsuitable for any reason.
‐ Failure cases requiring a diversion to the nearest airport (cases leading to a LAND ASAP message
on the ECAM and/or in the QRH).
‐ Failure cases resulting in increased fuel consumption, exceeding the available fuel reserves.
Comments and Recommendations
• Electrical generation
If one IDG fails, a diversion is required in case of :
‐ Blue hydraulic circuit low level, low air pressure or overheat, or
‐ APU no start, or
‐ APU or APU generator inoperative, or
‐ Second IDG failure.
• Fuel system
Some failure cases may lead to fuel gravity feeding which implies flight at lower altitude or to some
fuel being unusable. The flight crew's evaluation of the actual situation and the fuel remaining may
lead to the decision that a diversion is required.
• Hydraulic system :
If low level, low air pressure or overheat on blue hydraulic circuit, a diversion is required in case
of :
‐ One IDG failure, or
‐ APU no start, or
‐ APU/APU GEN failure.
• APU :
If APU/APU GEN fails, a diversion is required in case of :
‐ Blue hydraulic circuit low level, low air pressure or overheat, or
‐ One IDG failure.
Chapter PER-OEI-GEN contains three single engine descent and cruise procedures:
1. The standard strategy,
2. The obstacle strategy,
3. Fixed speed strategies (ETOPS).
For ETOPS operations, any one of the above diversion strategies can be used provided that the
selected strategy and speed schedule are used in :
• Establishing the area of operation (maximum diversion distance),
• Calculating the diversion fuel requirements for the single-engine ETOPS fuel scenario,
• Demonstrating the applicable obstacle clearance requirements (net flight path and net ceiling).
During the diversion, the flight crew is expected to use the planned speed schedule.
However, based on the evaluation of the actual situation, the pilot in command has the authority to
deviate from this planned one-engine-inoperative speed.
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-50-00002051.0001001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
The SOP (refer to chapter PRO-NOR-SOP) and the ABNORMAL and EMERGENCY procedures
(refer to chapter PRO-ABN) to apply. For ETOPS flights, the flight crew must complete them using
the procedure (Refer to PRO-SPO-40-50 Cockpit Preparation).
COCKPIT PREPARATION
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-50-00002052.0002001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
FUEL
Before each flight, the flight crew must check that the fuel crossfeed valve is operating correctly :
FUEL X FEED ..............................................................................................................................ON
On the ECAM FUEL page, check that the fuel crossfeed valve is open (indication is inline green).
FUEL X FEED............................................................................................................................. OFF
Check that the fuel crossfeed valve is closed.
WING ANTI-ICE
If only one ENG BLEED is available, PACK 1 must be switched OFF, to avoid having both
packs and wing anti-ice supplied by a single bleed source.
ENGINE
As the engines are in degraded N1 mode, the power setting has to be done using tables given
in Refer to PER-THR-N1 N1 MODE THRUST CONTROLand following.
BLUE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT LOW LEVEL OR LOW PRESSURE OR OVERHEAT
Start the APU to ensure availability of the APU generator.
ENGINE OR IDG FAILURE
Start the APU and use the APU electrical channel.
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-60-00002054.0002001 / 03 APR 13
Applicable to: ALL
In case of electrical emergency configuration, the remaining engine reverts to degraded N1 mode.
Consequently the penalties on net ceilings (Refer to PER-THR-N1 MAXIMUM TAKEOFF N1) must
be taken into account for ETOPS part of the flight.
The two following cases result in a fuel consumption increase:
‐ RAT extended (Refer to PRO-ABN-24 ELEC EMER CONFIG)
‐ In electrical emergency configuration, the engine anti-ice valves are permanently open.
The following computation conditions have been used in accordance with the interpretation of the
EU-OPS 1.245 and FAR 121.161:
‐ ISA conditions
‐ No wind
‐ Optimum diversion level after engine failure
‐ Single engine diversion speed schedule.
Note: Obstacles have not to be considered to determine if a route is or is not an ETOPS route.
ETOPS FUEL FROM CRITICAL POINT TO LANDING - ALL ENGINES - CRUISE AT LRC
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-60-00002056.0009001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
Assumptions:
‐ Emergency descent
‐ Long range cruise at FL 100
‐ Final descent 250 kt
‐ Holding 15 min at FL 15
‐ IFR procedure
Not included: 5 % correction on wind value - Anti icing if icing is forecast - performance factor.
ETOPS FUEL FROM CRITICAL POINT TO LANDING - ONE ENGINE OUT - CRUISE AT 350KT
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-60-00002057.0009001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
Assumptions:
‐ Emergency descent
‐ Cruise 350 kt at FL 100
‐ Final descent 250 kt
‐ Holding 15 min at FL 15
‐ IFR procedure
‐ APU fuel burn.
Not included: 5 % correction on wind value - Anti icing if icing is forecast - performance factor.
ETOPS FUEL FROM CRITICAL POINT TO LANDING - ONE ENGINE OUT - CRUISE AT 320KT
Ident.: PRO-SPO-40-60-00002058.0009001 / 17 NOV 11
Applicable to: ALL
Assumptions:
‐ Emergency descent
‐ Cruise 320 kt at FL 100
‐ Final descent 250 kt
‐ Holding 15 min at FL 15
‐ IFR procedure
‐ APU fuel burn.
Not included: 5 % correction on wind value - Anti icing if icing is forecast - performance factor.
Note: The following data and graphs are for example only, and are not for operational use. Even if
the data in the following example is in “kg”, the same method can be applied for “lb”.
Assumptions:
‐ Aircraft weight at critical point: 65 000 kg
‐ Diversion speed: 320 kt
‐ Diversion time: 120 min
‐ Distance from Critical point to diversion airport: 700 nm
‐ Wind: 50 kt headwind
‐ Forecasted icing condition on diversion: 40 min
‐ Aircraft perf factor: 5 %
For the determination of the ETOPS fuel requirement, the greatest fuel quantity of the two following
scenarios must be considered (the scenario Engine failure only, without pressurization failure, is
never limiting):
1. Pressurization failure - One Engine Inoperative - 320 kt
‐ Determine the corrected wind for diversion taking into account the 5 % wind speed factor: 50 x
1.05 = 52.5 kt
‐ Enter the ETOPS Fuel from Critical Point to Landing - One Engine Out - Cruise at 320kt graph
to determine the corresponding fuel consumption: 6 900 kg
‐ Determine the final ETOPS fuel requirement, sum of perf factor fuel, icing fuel and fuel
determined the step before:
• Fuel for icing condition (Total anti-ice scenario is limiting): 3.5 % x 40 / 120 = 1.17 %
• Fuel for perf factor: 5 %
• Final ETOPS fuel requirement: 6 900 x 1.0117 x 1.05 = 7 330 kg
‐ Determine the corrected wind for diversion taking into account the 5 % wind speed factor: 50 x
1.05 = 52.5 kt
‐ Enter the ETOPS Fuel from Critical Point to Landing - All Engines - Cruise at LRC graph to
determine the corresponding fuel consumption: 6 700 kg
‐ Determine the final ETOPS fuel requirement, sum of perf factor fuel, icing fuel and fuel
determined the step before:
• Fuel for icing condition (total anti-ice scenario is limiting): 6 % x 40 / 120 = 2 %
• Fuel for perf factor: 5 %
• Final ETOPS fuel requirement: 6 700 x 1.02 x 1.05 = 7 176 kg
The final ETOPS fuel requirement for this diversion is 7 330 kg. The limiting scenario is a
pressurization failure and One Engine Out at a diversion speed of 320 kt.
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-50-00002066.0001001 / 03 JAN 11
Applicable to: ALL
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace is any airspace or route between FL 290
and FL 410 (inclusive), where aircraft are vertically separated by 1 000 ft, instead of 2 000 ft. The
aircraft system design complies with the design criteria of the JAA Information Leaflet N° 6, and the
FAA 91-RVSM Interim Guidance Material for RVSM operations.
The statement of RVSM capability is also indicated in the AFM.
OPERATIONAL APPROVAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-50-00002070.0001001 / 03 JAN 11
Applicable to: ALL
The above capability statement does not constitute an approval to fly RVSM. Operational approval
is to be granted by the Operator's national authorities, after assessment of the airline's capability to
meet RVSM requirements. The above-mentioned JAA and FAA documents also cover requirements
for obtaining operational approval.
PROCEDURES
Applicable to: ALL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-50-A-00002073.0001001 / 26 OCT 12
GENERAL
The SOPs (Refer to PRO-NOR-SOP-01 Foreword) and the ABN and EMER (Refer to
PRO-ABN-01 Operational Recommendations) procedures apply. In addition, flights in RVSM
airspace must be completed by the following:
FLIGHT PREPARATION
The crew must pay particular attention to conditions that may affect operation in RVSM airspace.
These include, but may not be limited to :
Verifying that the airframe is approved for RVSM operations.
Reported and forecast weather on the flight route.
Review of maintenance logs and forms to determine the condition of equipment required for flight
in RVSM airspace. Ensure that maintenance action has been taken to correct any defects of
required equipment.
Check each PFD altitude indication (QNH reference) does not differ from the airport elevation by
more than 75 ft.
Check, on ground, that the difference between the two primary altitude indications is less than the
tolerance specified in paragraph Refer to PRO-SUP-34 Flight Instrument Tolerances - General
“Maximum Differences Between Altitude Indications”.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-50-A-00002076.0004001 / 26 OCT 12
IN FLIGHT PROCEDURES
PRIOR TO RVSM AIRSPACE ENTRY
The above-listed equipment, for RVSM, must be operating normally. Should any of this
equipment fail prior entering the RVSM airspace, the crew must request new clearance, to avoid
flight in this airspace. The two primary altitude indications (PFD indications from the onside
ADR, or ADR 3) should be in accordance with the instrument tolerance (Refer to PRO-SUP-34
Flight Instrument Tolerances - General). If only two ADRs are operative, the altimeter indications
on the PFD and standby altimeters should be recorded. This information may be useful in case
of subsequent PFD altitude discrepancies, or the loss of both remaining ADRs.
WITHIN RVSM AIRSPACE
‐ Autopilot should be engaged within RVSM airspace for cruise and flight level changes
‐ During cleared transitions between flight levels, the aircraft should not overshoot or
undershoot the cleared flight levels by more than 150 ft
‐ At intervals of approximately one hour, check that PFD altimeter indications agree in
accordance with the instrument tolerance (Refer to PRO-SUP-34 Flight Instrument
Tolerances - General). The usual scan of flight deck instruments should be sufficient
‐ Use the transponder and the autopilot, associated with one of the ADRs which is within
tolerance.
POST FLIGHT
The crew must report any malfunction of the height-keeping systems, including the:
‐ Malfunction or loss of any required equipment
‐ Altimeter readings outside the tolerances of Refer to PRO-SUP-34 Flight Instrument Tolerances
- General, and provide sufficient details to enable maintenance to troubleshoot and repair the
system.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-50-A-00002078.0002001 / 26 OCT 12
GENERAL
Applicable to: ALL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-A-00015857.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
GENERAL
The Performance Based Navigation (PBN) concept implies that the aircraft follows the defined
track with a requested navigation performance. The PBN includes RNAV and RNP operations.
Contrary to RNAV operations, RNP operations require that the aircraft system monitors the
navigation performance and alerts the flight crew if the requested navigation performance is no
longer achieved.
For RNAV and RNP operations, an operational approval from the airline's national authorities may
be required.
The AFM provides regulatory compliances associated with PBN operations.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-A-00015858.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
RNAV/RNP CAPABILITY
Before the aircraft enters an RNAV/RNP airspace, RNAV/RNP capability is based on:
‐ The required RNAV/RNP equipment that is described in each RNAV/RNP section of the FCOM
‐ Navigation Accuracy HIGH displayed on the MCDU PROG page
‐ Any specific local requirements published in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP).
When the aircraft flies in RNAV/RNP airspace, RNAV/RNP capability is based on:
‐ Navigation Accuracy HIGH displayed on the MCDU PROG page
‐ Any specific local requirements published in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP).
RNAV 10 / RNP 10
Applicable to: ALL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-B-00015854.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
GENERAL
RNAV 10 operations correspond to RNP 10 operations.
In RNAV 10 airspace, the aircraft is expected to fly for a long period of time outside radio navaid
coverage.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-B-00015855.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
PROCEDURE
BEFORE ENTERING RNAV 10 AIRSPACE
The FMS default en route value is 2 nm . Therefore, manual selection of a required accuracy on
the MCDU is at the flight crew’s discretion.
If manual entry of a required accuracy is necessary, the flight crew should enter 10 nm.
RNAV 5 / BRNAV
Applicable to: ALL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-C-00015851.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
GENERAL
RNAV 5 operations correspond to European BRNAV operations.
In RNAV 5 airspace, radio navaid coverage supports the RNP value of 5 nm.
PROCEDURE
BEFORE ENTERING RNAV 5 AIRSPACE
The FMS default en route value is 2 nm. Therefore, manual selection of a required accuracy on
the MCDU is at the flight crew’s discretion.
If manual entry of a required accuracy is necessary, the flight crew should enter 5 nm.
LEAVING RNAV 5 AIRSPACE
When the aircraft leaves RNAV 5 airspace, the flight crew should revert to the default required
accuracy, or enter the appropriate value on the MCDU.
MANAGEMENT OF DEGRADED NAVIGATION
If one of the following messages is displayed, the flight crew should resume
navigation with the FMGC that provides the correct position:
‐ GPS PRIMARY LOST on one ND/MCDU
‐ NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD on one ND/MCDU.
If one of the following MCDU or ECAM messages is displayed, the flight crew should
check the navigation accuracy with navaid raw data via the MCDU PROG page in
order to identify which FMGC position is correct:
‐ GPS PRIMARY LOST on both NDs/MCDUs
‐ FMS1/FMS2 POS DIFF
‐ CHECK IRS 1(2)(3)/FM POSITION
‐ CHECK A/C POSITION
‐ NAV FM/GPS POS DISAGREE
The flight crew should resume navigation with the FMGC that provides the correct position.
GENERAL
RNAV 1(2) operations correspond to P-RNAV-TERMINAL RNAV operations.
In RNAV 1(2) airspace, radio navaid coverage supports the RNP value of 1(2) nm. However, the
AIP may specify that GPS equipment is required.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-D-00015849.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
PROCEDURE
BEFORE ENTERING RNAV 1(2) AIRSPACE
The FMS navigation database provides the terminal procedure (RNAV SID, RNAV STAR,
RNAV TRANSITION, etc.) of the flight plan. The flight crew must crosscheck the terminal
procedure from the published charts with the FMS navigation database on the F-PLN page
(waypoint sequences, tracks, distances, and altitude or speed constraints). The flight crew must
not modify the procedure that is provided by the navigation database, unless required by the
ATC (DIR TO, radar vectoring, insertion of waypoints from the navigation database).
The FMS default value in TERMINAL AREA is 1 nm. Therefore, manual selection of a required
navigation accuracy on the MCDU is at the flight crew’s discretion.
If manual entry of a required accuracy is necessary, the flight crew should enter 1 or 2 nm as
applicable.
RNP 4
Applicable to: ALL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-E-00015845.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
GENERAL
In this airspace, the aircraft is expected to fly for a long period of time outside radio navaid
coverage.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-E-00015846.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
‐ One GPS
‐ Two NDs (the temporary display of ND information via the PFD/ND switch is permitted on one
side).
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-E-00015866.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
PROCEDURE
BEFORE ENTERING RNP 4 AIRSPACE
The FMS default en route value is 2 nm. Therefore, manual selection of a required navigation
accuracy on the MCDU is at the flight crew’s discretion.
If manual entry of a required accuracy is necessary, the flight crew should enter 4 nm.
LEAVING RNP 4 AIRSPACE
When the aircraft leaves RNP 4 airspace, the flight crew should revert to the default required
navigation accuracy, or enter the appropriate value on the MCDU.
MANAGEMENT OF DEGRADED NAVIGATION
If one of the following messages is displayed, the flight crew should resume
navigation with the FMGC that provides the correct position:
‐ GPS PRIMARY LOST on one ND/MCDU
‐ NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD on one ND/MCDU.
If one of the following MCDU or ECAM messages is displayed, the flight crew should
crosscheck the position data using the POSITION MONITOR page, the IRS 1(2)(3)
pages, and the GPS MONITOR page in order to identify which FMGC position is
correct:
‐ GPS PRIMARY LOST on both NDs/MCDUs
‐ FMS1/FMS2 POS DIFF
‐ CHECK IRS 1(2)(3)/FM POSITION
‐ CHECK A/C POSITION
‐ NAV FM/GPS POS DISAGREE
The flight crew should resume navigation with the FMGC that provides the correct position.
If NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD is displayed on both sides:
The flight crew should inform the ATC that the RNP 4 capability is lost.
GENERAL
RNP 1 operations correspond to RNP 1 Terminal operations.
In RNP 1 airspace, GPS or DME/DME position update enable to ensure the RNP value of 1 nm.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-F-00015843.0001001 / 09 SEP 14
PROCEDURE
FLIGHT PREPARATION
If GPS is required by the AIP, RAIM/AIME availability should be confirmed for RNP 1
operations.
Refer to PRO-NOR-SOP-02 GPS PRIMARY Availability
BEFORE ENTERING RNP 1 AIRSPACE
The FMS navigation database provides the terminal procedure (RNAV SID, RNAV STAR,
RNAV TRANSITION, etc.) of the flight plan. The flight crew must check the terminal procedure
from the published charts with the FMS navigation database on the F-PLN page (waypoint
sequences, tracks, distances, and altitude or speed constraints). The flight crew must not
modify the procedure that is provided by the navigation database, unless required by the ATC
(DIR TO, radar vectoring, insertion of waypoints from the navigation database).
The FMS default value in TERMINAL AREA is 1 nm. Therefore, manual selection of a required
navigation accuracy on the MCDU is at the flight crew’s discretion.
If manual entry of a required navigation accuracy is necessary, the flight crew should enter 1
nm.
GENERAL
RNP APCH operations correspond to RNAV(GNSS) or RNAV(GPS) operations.
For these operations, the GPS is required to support the RNP value of 0.3 nm.
Ident.: PRO-SPO-51-G-00015840.0001001 / 01 DEC 14
PROCEDURE
Refer to PRO-NOR-SOP-18-C Approach using FINAL APP Guidance - General
Refer to PRO-NOR-SOP-18-C Approach using FPA Guidance - General
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-60-00002094.0002001 / 03 JAN 11
Applicable to: ALL
This chapter gives the limitations, procedures and performance for operations from/to runways with a
width below 45 m .
This chapter does not constitute an operational approval to operate on narrow runways.
Such authorization must be obtained by the operator from the appropriate authorities.
LIMITATIONS
Ident.: PRO-SPO-60-00006122.0002001 / 03 JAN 11
Applicable to: ALL
PROCEDURES
Ident.: PRO-SPO-60-00006123.0002001 / 23 JUL 12
Applicable to: VN-A344
PROCEDURES
Ident.: PRO-SPO-60-00006123.0003001 / 23 JUL 12
Applicable to: VN-A322, VN-A323, VN-A324, VN-A325, VN-A326, VN-A327, VN-A329, VN-A331, VN-A332, VN-A334, VN-A335, VN-A336,
VN-A338, VN-A339, VN-A350, VN-A351, VN-A352, VN-A353, VN-A354, VN-A356, VN-A357, VN-A358, VN-A359, VN-A360, VN-A361,
VN-A362, VN-A363, VN-A365, VN-A366, VN-A367, VN-A390, VN-A392, VN-A393, VN-A395, VN-A396, VN-A397, VN-A399, VN-A601,
VN-A602, VN-A603, VN-A604, VN-A605, VN-A606, VN-A608, VN-A609, VN-A610, VN-A611, VN-A612
PERFORMANCE
Ident.: PRO-SPO-60-00006124.0001001 / 01 DEC 14
Applicable to: ALL
For runways with a width above or equal to 40 m ., the basic takeoff performance remains
unchanged.
For runways with a width below 40 m , the VMCG must be increased by the values indicated in the
following table :
Runway Width 30 m 35 m 40 m
▵ VMCG (kt) + 2.5 + 1.5 +0
No correction is required, when takeoff performance is determined by using the applicable approved
data.
The minimum V1 values, published in the Refer to PER-TOF-TOD-25-10 SPEEDS LIMITED BY
VMC, must be increased by 3 kt .
When using the takeoff performance for contaminated runways Refer to PER-TOF-CTA-10
GENERAL, the resulting V1 must be crosschecked with the corrected minimum V1.
Further decrease the takeoff weight by 3 t per knot increase in V1.
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-65-00002100.0026001 / 04 OCT 13
Applicable to: VN-A322, VN-A323, VN-A324, VN-A325, VN-A326, VN-A327, VN-A329, VN-A331, VN-A332, VN-A334, VN-A335, VN-A336,
VN-A338, VN-A339, VN-A360, VN-A361, VN-A362, VN-A365, VN-A366, VN-A367, VN-A390, VN-A392, VN-A393, VN-A395, VN-A396,
VN-A397, VN-A399, VN-A601, VN-A602, VN-A603, VN-A604, VN-A605, VN-A606, VN-A608, VN-A609, VN-A610, VN-A611, VN-A612
Operators may occasionally experience high barometric settings above 1 050 hPa (31.0 inHg), due
to polar anticyclonic air mass conditions. These conditions mainly occur during winter in the upper
northern region.
The FCU, ISIS, PFD, and CPCS are capable of operating at QNH/QFE up to 1 100 hPa (32.48 hPa).
The FMGS is currently limited to 1 050 hPa for DEST QNH entry on the MCDU PERF APPR page.
Due to engine limitations on the nacelle and thrust reverser, the flight envelope is limited to -1 000 ft
STD. Therefore, for departure and arrival, the flight crew must ensure that the aircraft remains within
its flight envelope.
CAUTION When the QNH exceeds 1 050 hPa, the aircraft standard altitude might be outside of
its flight envelope (below -1 000 ft STD), depending on the airfield elevation.
Operations at QNH above 1 050 hPa are only authorized within the flight envelope
of the aircraft.
EXAMPLE
‐ Airfield Elevation : 400 ft
‐ QNH : 1 058 hPa
‐ We approximately consider that 1 hPa = 27 ft
Determination of the flight level of this aircraft :
- (QNH - 1013.25) × 27 + Airfield Elevation = - (1058-1013.25) × 27+ 400 = -808 ft
In this example, during takeoff or landing the aircraft is within the flight envelope at an altitude of:
-808 ft STD > -1 000 ft STD.
Therefore with these conditions, operations at QNH = 1 058 hPa are authorized.
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-65-00002100.0023001 / 04 OCT 13
Applicable to: VN-A344, VN-A350, VN-A351, VN-A352, VN-A353, VN-A354, VN-A356, VN-A357, VN-A358, VN-A359, VN-A363
Operators may occasionally experience high barometric settings above 1 050 hPa (31.0 inHg), due
to polar anticyclonic air mass conditions. These conditions mainly occur during winter in the upper
northern region.
The FCU, PFD, and CPCS are capable of operating at QNH/QFE up to 1 100 hPa (32.48 inHg).
The standby altimeter barometric setting is limited to 1 050 hPa.
The FMGS is currently limited to 1 050 hPa for DEST QNH entry on the MCDU PERF APPR page.
Due to engine limitations on the nacelle and thrust reverser, the flight envelope is limited to -1 000 ft
STD. Therefore, for departure and arrival, the flight crew must ensure that the aircraft remains within
its flight envelope.
CAUTION When the QNH exceeds 1 050 hPa, the aircraft standard altitude might be outside of
its flight envelope (below -1 000 ft STD), depending on the airfield elevation.
Operations at QNH above 1 050 hPa are only authorized within the flight envelope
of the aircraft.
EXAMPLE
‐ Airfield Elevation : 400 ft
‐ QNH : 1 058 hPa
‐ We approximately consider that 1 hPa = 27 ft
Determination of the flight level of this aircraft :
- (QNH - 1013.25) × 27 + Airfield Elevation = - (1058-1013.25) × 27+ 400 = -808 ft
In this example, during takeoff or landing the aircraft is within the flight envelope at an altitude of:
-808 ft STD > -1 000 ft STD.
Therefore with these conditions, operations at QNH = 1 058 hPa are authorized.
CONSEQUENCES
Ident.: PRO-SPO-65-00002102.0076001 / 04 OCT 13
Applicable to: VN-A322, VN-A323, VN-A324, VN-A325, VN-A326, VN-A327, VN-A329, VN-A331, VN-A332, VN-A334, VN-A335, VN-A336,
VN-A338, VN-A339, VN-A360, VN-A361, VN-A362, VN-A365, VN-A366, VN-A367, VN-A390, VN-A392, VN-A393, VN-A395, VN-A396,
VN-A397, VN-A399, VN-A601, VN-A602, VN-A603, VN-A604, VN-A605, VN-A606, VN-A608, VN-A609, VN-A610, VN-A611, VN-A612
ON CABIN PRESSURIZATION:
The CPCS normally uses the MCDU DEST QNH value to regulate cabin pressure during descent.
However, since DEST QNH entries on the MCDU are limited to 1 050 hPa, no DEST QNH
value should be entered during descent preparation, in order to avoid incorrect cabin pressure
regulation. As a backup, the CPCS will use the actual FCU barometric setting (when switching
from STD to Baro reference). In case of QFE use at arrival, the CPCS will erroneously use the
FCU-selected QFE as a QNH setting. To ensure correct re-pressurization of the cabin when QFE
is used, the Landing Field Elevation must be manually set to 0.
Note: As no DEST QNH is entered, the FMS initially assumes that Standard barometric
reference will be kept down to destination for descent flight path calculations.
When QNH is set on the FCU, the aircraft and cabin altitude will be higher than expected
(the aircraft altitude can be up to 2 000 ft higher than expected). This will lead to a
higher descent rate, with a possible "CAB PR LO DIFF PR" ECAM caution, and possible
opening of the cabin pressure safety valve.
ON THE FMS:
• Descent profile :
In the descent phase, when the crew switches from Standard to Barometric reference, the FMS
tries to catch up with an altitude increase induced by the baro reference change.
This altitude difference may be up to +2 000 ft, depending on the QNH value.
However, the FMS predictions and the VDEV remain unchanged. Consequently, an altitude
constraint, just below the Descent Transition Level, may still be predicted as “satisfied”, and
actually flown with a positive error. This altitude difference will gradually be zeroed, as the
aircraft catches up with the descent profile.
Note: As no DEST QNH value is entered on the MCDU PERF APPR page, the FMS is
unable to compute the Descent Transition Level. So, the “STD” baro reference on the
PFD will not flash when descending through the Transition Level.
CONSEQUENCES
Ident.: PRO-SPO-65-00002102.0071001 / 04 OCT 13
Applicable to: VN-A344, VN-A350, VN-A351, VN-A352, VN-A353, VN-A354, VN-A356, VN-A357, VN-A358, VN-A359, VN-A363
ON THE FMS:
• Descent profile :
In the descent phase, when the crew switches from Standard to Barometric reference, the FMS
tries to catch up with an altitude increase induced by the baro reference change.
This altitude difference may be up to +2 000 ft, depending on the QNH value.
However, the FMS predictions and the VDEV remain unchanged. Consequently, an altitude
constraint, just below the Descent Transition Level, may still be predicted as “satisfied”, and
actually flown with a positive error. This altitude difference will gradually be zeroed, as the
aircraft catches up with the descent profile.
Note: As no DEST QNH value is entered on the MCDU PERF APPR page, the FMS is
unable to compute the Descent Transition Level. So, the “STD” baro reference on the
PFD will not flash when descending through the Transition Level.
The Standby Altitude Correction table below provides the baro setting that should be used on the
standby altimeter, and the correction that should be applied to the altimeter indications, for each
QNH between 1 050 hPa and 1 100 hPa :
Actual Stdby baro Correction Actual Stdby baro
Correction (feet)
QNH (hPa) setting (hPa) (feet) QNH (hPa) setting (hPa)
1 050 1 050 0 1 076 1 049 700
1 051 1 047 100 1 077 1 046 800
1 052 1 048 100 1 078 1 047 800
1 053 1 049 100 1 079 1 048 800
1 054 1 046 200 1 080 1 049 800
1 055 1 047 200 1 081 1 046 900
1 056 1 048 200 1 082 1 047 900
1 057 1 049 200 1 083 1 048 900
1 058 1 046 300 1 084 1 049 900
1 059 1 047 300 1 085 1 047 1 000
1 060 1 048 300 1 086 1 048 1 000
1 061 1 049 300 1 087 1 049 1 000
1 062 1 047 400 1 088 1 050 1 000
1 063 1 048 400 1 089 1 047 1 100
1 064 1 049 400 1 090 TBD TBD
1 065 1 050 400 1 091 TBD TBD
1 066 1 047 500 1 092 TBD TBD
Continued on the following page
HOW TO USE
Set the baro reference of the standby altimeter to the appropriate value. Then :
‐ To obtain the correct altitude, add the correction to the altimeter indication.
‐ To fly at a desired altitude, subtract the correction from the desired altitude.
EXAMPLE
If the QNH of the day is 1 072 hPa, the baro setting on the standby altimeter would be 1 049 hPa.
When reading an altitude on the standby altimeter, it is necessary to add 600 ft to obtain the actual
altitude of the aircraft.
Therefore, in this example, the indicated altitude on the standby altimeter should be 1 400 ft, in
order to fly at 2 000 ft QNH.
PROCEDURES
Ident.: PRO-SPO-65-00002104.0025001 / 04 OCT 13
Applicable to: VN-A322, VN-A323, VN-A324, VN-A325, VN-A326, VN-A327, VN-A329, VN-A331, VN-A332, VN-A334, VN-A335, VN-A336,
VN-A338, VN-A339, VN-A360, VN-A361, VN-A362, VN-A365, VN-A366, VN-A367, VN-A390, VN-A392, VN-A393, VN-A395, VN-A396,
VN-A397, VN-A399, VN-A601, VN-A602, VN-A603, VN-A604, VN-A605, VN-A606, VN-A608, VN-A609, VN-A610, VN-A611, VN-A612
FOR DEPARTURE
Before takeoff:
SET the ATC “ALT RPTG” to OFF (the TCAS reverts to STBY mode).
INFORM the ATC.
After takeoff:
SET the ATC “ALT RPTG” to ON above 1 000 ft QNH, when time permits.
FOR APPROACH/LANDING
During descent preparation :
DO NOT INSERT a DEST QNH value on the MCDU PERF APPR page.
For QFE use only, SET the LDG ELEV selector to 0.
Before the final approach :
SET the ATC “ALT RPTG” to OFF (the TCAS reverts to STBY mode).
INFORM the ATC.
FOR NON-PRECISION APPROACHES
Perform non-precision approaches using selected lateral and vertical guidance, and raw data
reference.
PROCEDURES
Ident.: PRO-SPO-65-00002104.0022001 / 04 OCT 13
Applicable to: VN-A344, VN-A350, VN-A351, VN-A352, VN-A353, VN-A354, VN-A356, VN-A357, VN-A358, VN-A359, VN-A363
FOR DEPARTURE
Before takeoff:
SET the appropriate standby altimeter baro reference (Refer to PRO-SPO-65 Standby Altitude
Correction).
FOR APPROACH/LANDING
During descent preparation :
DO NOT INSERT a DEST QNH value on the MCDU PERF APPR page.
For QFE use only, SET the LDG ELEV selector to 0.
When approaching the transition level:
SET the appropriate standby altimeter baro reference (Refer to PRO-SPO-65 Standby Altitude
Correction).
USE the correction value for altitude readings on the standby altimeter.
GENERAL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-85-00013052.0001001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
ILS Precision Runway Monitoring (PRM) approaches can be performed when the airport is equipped
with the PRM system. This system enables the ATC to control simultaneous close parallel ILS
approaches. The air traffic controllers use the PRM system to monitor the flight path of aircraft that
fly parallel approaches. They can check that aircraft do not penetrate the Non Transgression Zone
(NTZ) located between the two localizers. If an aircraft penetrates this NTZ, the ATC orders the other
parallel aircraft to breakout.
REQUIREMENTS
Ident.: PRO-SPO-85-00013053.0001001 / 14 FEB 11
Applicable to: ALL
BREAKOUT PROCEDURE
Applicable to: ALL
Ident.: PRO-SPO-85-A-00013054.0001001 / 14 FEB 11
‐ When the ATC orders so, the breakout is mandatory for the flight safety, considering adjacent
aircraft position and trajectory. It requires an immediate response.
‐ Breakout must be hand-flown
‐ Breakout orders always include a turn order, and a “climb” or “descent” order depending on what is
the most suitable.