physics

Questions and answers about level 4 physics

1) what is periodic motion?
》 Periodic motion is a motion of an object that regularly returns to a given position
after A fixed time interval.
2) define period and frequency with their SI unit?
》 period:- is the time taken to make one complete cycle.its SI unit is second (s).
Frequency:- is the number of cycles made in one second. Its SI unit is Hertz.
3) what is simple harmonic motion?
》SHM:- is a motion in which body moves back and forth over a fixed path, returning to
each position and velocity after definite interval of time.
4) state examples of periodic motion?
》 Rocking chair, swing in motion.
5) tell types of periodic motion?
》there are two types namely a) Oscillatory motion b) Wave motion.
6) state book's law?
》 Hook's law states that the restoring force applied by a spring is proportional to the
displacement of the spring and opposite in direction.
7) define Equilibrium position?
》 is the state of an oscillating object when at rest.
8)describe restoring force?
》 is the force that acts on a displaced object t that acts towards its original position.
9) what is displacement?
》 is the distance of the vibrating object from its equilibrium position.
10) what is equilibrium?
》 is the state of being at rest.
11) define angular frequency with its SI unit?
》is the rate of change of angular displacemen. Its SI unit is rad /sex.
12) what is circumference?
》is the perimeter of the circle.
13) define Amplitude?
》The maximum displacement from equilibrium position.
14) what is circle?
》 is a set of points that are equidistant from a fixed point called centre.
15) what is Simple pendulum?
》is a mass on the end of a string which oscillates in harmonic motion.
16) describe wave,
》 is a disturbance that travels through a material medium from one location to
another.or wave is a vibration which travels through medium.
17) state types of waves according to material medium?
》a) mechanical waves b) Electromagnetic waves.
18)define mechanical wave and tell some examples of it,
》are waves which propagate through a material medium.

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The following are mechanical waves:-
a)water waves b) sound waves c) spring waves. d) string waves e) Seismic wave.
19) what is medium?
》Is an air or water in which wave passes through.
20) state SI unit of Seismic wave?
》its SI unit is Simography.
21) what are electromagnetic waves?
》are waves which propagate through empty space (vacuum).
22) what means vacuum?
》vacuum means : with no solid, liquid, gas.
23) state examples of electromagnetic waves?
》 a) radio waves b) infra-red radiation c) X-ray. d) Gamma rays. e) Visible light f)
Ultraviolet radiation. g) micro waves
24) define visible light?
》is a small part of the energy of electromagnetic waves.
25) what are the Radio waves?
》 are on the low-frequency end of the spectrum.
26) state range of micro waves?
》microwaves range in length from approximately 30 cm to about 1 mm.
27) state location of infra red radiation (IR)?
》IR lies between microwaves and visible light.
28) tell range of ultraviolet radiation?
》UV has a range of wave length from 400 down to about 10 nm.
29) define X-rays?
》are high-frequency waves that have great penetrating power.
30) what are the Uses of X-ray?
》X-rays are used extensively in medical and manufacturing applications.
31) where are the gamma rays generated?
》they are generated in nuclear reactions.
32) state types of wave motion?
》a) transverse waves b) longitudinal waves.
33) define transverse wave?
》 is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the
direction which the wave moves.
34) what is longitudinal wave?
》 is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the
direction which the wave moves.
35) state characteristics of wave motion?
a) velocity:- is the distance covered by the disturbance in one second.
b) period:- is the time taken to make one complete cycle of wave motion
c) Frequency:- is the number of cycles or waves per second .
d) wave length:- is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.
e) Amplitude:- is the maximum displacement on either side of the undisturbed or rest
position.

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f) phases and there are two phases,the highest point is called CREST and the lowest
point is called TROUGHS.
35) what are the properties of waves?
》a) Rectilinear propagation b) Reflection c) Refrection d) Diffraction e) interference.
36) what is rectilinear propagation?
》are waves travel in straight lines.
37) define reflection?
》occurs when waves strike a surface and bounces off.
38) what means Refrection?
》occurs when waves deviate from their original path
39) state diffraction?
》is the change of wave path when passing through a slit or an a parture.
40) what is interference?
》is the phenomenon produced from the superposition of two waves in a medium.
41) what means superposition?
》means when more than one wave is present.
42) define standing wave?
》A wave that is confined between boundaries
43) what is node?
》Is the position at which the amplitude is zero.
44) what is anti-node?
》is the position at which the amplitude is maximum.
45) what is sound?
》 is a longitudinal wave created by vibrating objects e.g loud speaker, piano, human
vocal cord.
46) define sound wave?
》is a mechanical wave that produces a sensation of hearing.
47) where does the sound travel through?
》sound travels through liquids, gases, and solids.
48) who determines the nature of the medium?
》the nature of the medium determines the velocity of the sound
49) state the best transmitter of sound?
》the best transmitter of sound is solid.
50) what are the conditions compulsory to be fulfilled for hearing a sound?
》a)vibrating body b) material medium c) receiver.
51) what are the sources of sound?
》a) vibrating strings, such as guitar
b) vibrating surfaces, such as drum.
c) Tubes such as trumpets.
52) what is echo?
》is the reflection of sound wave .
53) what are the conditions for formation of Echoes?
》the minimum distance between the source of sound and the reflecting body should be
17m.
》the wavelength of sound should be less than the height of reflecting body.

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》the intensity of sound should be sufficient
54) define Reverberation?
》 is series of reflections that fall on ear from various reflectors one after another in a
closed room forming a continuous rolling sound.
55) state importance of sound?
》1.communication 2. Signal 3. Location.
56) what are the Uses of Echo?
》Determination of the depth of ocean (sea).
》guide insect eating bats and protect the avoid collisions.
》Dolphins communicate with each other.
》Armies use to locate gun positions of enemy
》Geologists use for mineral prospecting.
57) state properties of sound?
》a)Intensity, b) frequency c) harmonic contents.
58) what are the effects of those properties?
》a) loudness b)pitch c)quality.
59) what means pitch?
》is the change of frequency.
6o)define intensity of sound?
》 is rate at which the sound energy flows through a unit area normal to the direction
of sound waves.
61) describe loudness?
》describes how loud or soft a sound is perceived to be.
62) what is the SI unit of intensity?
》its SI unit wat/m2.
63) state SI unit of intensity level?
Its unit is decibel (db).
64) state the simplest harmonic content?
》it is called fundamental tone.
65) state range of audibility?
》a) sonic vibration:- 20HZ to 20,000HZ
b) ultrasonic vibration:- 20,000HZ
c)infrasonic sound:- below 20HZ.
66) state uses of Ultrasonic Sound?
》 a)Echo sounders b)utrasound scanning c) ultrasonic cleaning d) Homogenizing milk
& cosmetics e) sonar (sound navigation and ranging)
67)what is Doppler effect?
》the change in pitch produced by relative motion of source and observer.
68) what are the three cases of Doppler effect?
》 a) case 1:- source moving b) case 2:- observer moving c)case 3:- observer & source
moving.
69) state forced vibration?
》is the setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating source.
70)what is light?
》in the invisible energy which causes sensation of sight.

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71)state priorities of light?
》a)Rectilinear propagation b)Reflection c) reflection d) Diffraction e) interference
72)tell the primary source of light?
》The sun.
73) what is luminous substance?
》 are substances which produce light energy by them selves e.g sun,stars, burning
candle.
74)define non-luminous substance?
》are substances which do not produce light energy by them selves.e.g the moon.
75)what are transparent substances?
》are substances which allow most of light to pass through them e.g vacuum, clear air,
glass
76)define translucent substances?
》 are substances which partially allow light energy to pass through them.e.g oiled
paper, mist.
77) define opaque body?
》 are substances which do not allow light energy to pass through them.e.g wood,
bricks, stone.
78)state rays light?
》is the path along which light energy travels in a given direction.
79) what is beam of light?
》IS a collection of a number rays.
80)what is parallel beam?
》consists of parallel rays
81) state convergent beam?
》consists of rays that meet at a point
82)what is divergent beam?
》 are rays that come from one point.
83)what is shadow?
》is a dark patch formed behind an opaque body.
84) state kinds of shadow?
》a) Umbra b) penumbra
85) define umbra and penumbra?
》Umbra:- is the region of total darkness formed behind on opaque body.
》penumbra:- is a region of partial darkness.
86)state formation of shadow?
》source , opaque body, screen.
87) state types of eclipses?
》solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.

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