ALIEN SPECIES AND

RESTORATION OF
HABITATS
Name Here
 ALIEN SPECIES ARE THOSE THAT HAVE BEEN
INTRODUCED OR HAVE INVADED ECOSYSTEMS
WHERE THEY DID NOT EXIST BEFORE.
THEY NEED TO BE CONTROLLED BECAUSE THEY POSE
THREATS TO NATIVE SPECIES EITHER BY COMPETITION
OR PREDATION.
 • Biotic potential of the population
• Maximum rate at which it can
reproduce
• Environmental resistance of the habitat

Population • All factors that can limit population

growth

growth is • Scarcity of food and space,

accumulation of waste, climatic

affected by: conditions, etc.

• Carrying capacity of the environment
• Reached when birth rate balances the
death rate
• Maximum population size that can be
supported by the environment
What happens when alien species invade?

• Exponential
growth -
population
doubles per unit
time
J-curve a.k.a. “Boom and bust” curve
• Massive increase
and rapid die-off
due to the play of
limiting factors
• Common in insect
pests and algal
blooms
S-curve
shows the
carrying
capacity
Factors affecting population growth
A pest is an organism that
adversely affects a population
that is economically important
to humans.
Many alien species become
pests because they do not
have a natural predator
Controlling pests: Biological control
• Pros:
• Must be specific to the pest
• Inexpensive -has long term effect once established
• No detrimental effects associated with persistent use of
pesticides
• Cons:
• Slow, rapid response is needed for sudden invasion
• Some crops have several pests in its lifetime
• Some crops have occasional attacks, biocontrol will die out
Controlling species: culling and birth control
• When conservation efforts have been too successful
and transfer to distant places that have low populations
of the animal is expensive
• Vasectomy- male is sedated and the sperm duct is cut
• Chemical – vaccine is injected in the female to
stimulate an immune response against the
glycoproteins of its own egg cell
Non-governmental organizations play
important roles in local and global
conservation
Convention on International
Trade of Endangered Species
(CITES)

• Signed by 145 countries

in 1973
• Controls the trade of
endangered species and
products derived from it
• Issues with rise in demand
when a species enters
the list
 Funds conservation projects
World Wide
Fund for Nature
(WWF) Publicizes environmental
campaigns to save
ecosystems from degradation,
species from extinctions
 RESTORING DEGRADED HABITATS IS IMPORTANT TO SUPPORT A
COMMUNITY WITH A HIGH BIODIVERSITY.
MANGROVE FORESTS ARE BEING REPLANTED TO PROVIDE PROTECTION
AGAINST STORM DAMAGE, FLOODING, AND RISING SEA LEVELS.
THEY ARE ALSO IMPORTANT NURSERY GROUNDS FOR YOUNG FISH.
The
importance of
mangrove
• Protection from storm
surges
• Filters waste from going to
the ocean
• Nursery and breeding
grounds for fish
• Traps sediment, reduce
coastal erosion
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