Tropical climate.

• It is a climate of tropics.

• It’s a non-arid climate having temperature of at least 18-20 degree C [in koppen climate
classification].

• It remains relatively constant throughout the year in temperature ,day length.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR

 Hot-dry  Warm-humid Composite Upland climate

1. HOT –DRY

• Are very hot, dry air and dry ground.

• Both humans and buildings needs to be protected.

• Enclosed urban planning is suited.

• Proper Placement of infrastructure.

• Vegetation should be in south-west region because of the harsh climate.

• Larger dimension of the building should face north and south.

• Doors, windows etc should be shaded.

2. WARM-HUMID CLIMATE.

• It has a hot and sticky conditions and there is dampness in the climate.

• Air movement considered as an important fact to design.

• Buildings are longitudinal shape.

• Should have large open areas and shaded areas to be given.

• Longer side of building should be east-west direction.

• Vegetation as shaded device.

3. COMPOSITE

• Characteristics changes from season to other.

• Climate not firm making it harder for designers.

• Hoses with courtyard are useful.

• Use of prevailing winds.

• Deciduous plants are used.

• Roof and external wall should be concrete.

4. TROPICAL UPLAND CLIMATE

• Precautions from overheating of building should be used.

• Precautions from cold discomfort of the building should be taken.

• Building plan should be reasonable compact.

• Openings should be protected from solar radiation.

QUESTIONS

Northern solstice....

Azimuth and altitude angle...

Local time

Solar radiation

Sol air temperature

Wind rose diagram

Climate analysis—building related considerations

Warm and humid and hot and dry climate

Your answer
• North solstice-The day of a solstice in north hemisphere has the most sunlight of the year on 21
June (summer solstice) and the least sunlight of the year on 21 December (winter solstice) for any place
other than the Equator.

•Azimuth -It is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. The azimuth is the angle
between a celestial body (sun, moon) and the North, measured clockwise around the observer's horizon.

•Altitude angle -The "upwards" angle from the horizontal to a line of sight from the observer to some
point of interest. describes how high the sun appears in the sky.

•local time of a given site is influenced by time zone, daylight savings time and other man-made
decisions and demarcations. It is the time on your watch.

•Solar radiation –it is the radiant energy emitted by the sun from a nuclear fusion reaction that creates
electromagnetic energy.

•Sol air temperature -The temperature that, under conditions of no direct solar radiation and no air
motion, would cause the same heat transfer into a house as that caused by the interplay of all existing
atmospheric conditions by conduction and convection.

can be modified by shading devices.

•wind rose diagram-it is a tool which graphically displays wind speed and wind direction at a particular
location over a period of time.

•Climate analysis—building related considerations.

-plan form

-plan elements

-Building orientation

-surface area to volume ratio.

-roof form and materials

-forestation pattern and configuration.

-opaque wall materials and treatments

.Hot and dry-Jaisalmer, Jodhpur

. Warm and humid-Chennai .