UNIT- THE EARTHS INTERIOR.

The
The Earh is a3-1ayered Stauchure.
Corhi nento
(RUST oceuntng
(RUST MANTLE UPper
- MANTLE Ipner Lower
CORE outer
(ORE I'nner.

km

SIAL
CONTINENTA
CRUST SI MA
(2 9/) OCEANIC (RUST
(3 9/m3) 35 km

ASTHENOS PHE RE
Low vELaITY 2oNE
RoCK in SEm)-moL TEN FaRM
9/tm
100 km

LOWER MANTLE
5.5 9/cm
same oensy an FPRTA

2300 km

LIQUID OUTER CORE

- NIFE

10.0

400 km.
5100 km
SoLID INNER (ORE
13,0 /cm

6400 km
 EHTEAZ HT: TMU
.A0123T
(RUST
CONTINENTAL
30 km (2. 9/)
ocE ANIC (3 g/)

Density = 2.4 9lm

CRUST
SIAL
CONTIVENTAL CRUST Avg Thckness 30 m
OCCANI (RUST
Density-3 9k
SIMA
Avg. Thickness 3-4 k

MANTLE
OUTER MANTL E
Density: 4 /
00 km to 00 km From Suv face

Astenasp here pre set. (sEMI SOLID PLASTI(

Low VELOCITY 2oNE

INNER MANTLE
Density s.s 9/tm Avs donsits of Whole Sq«h)
00km to 2400 km

*At 5.5 / earth is the deniest planet in

mean densty is
al o solar System.
equivlent to the density of LOWER mANTLE
 CORE aka NIEE
LIQUID
OUTER CORE Densry lo 9/cm
2 00 u 5100 km

(UNER CORE SoLID

13 G/en3

S100 t 6400 Em.

Note
LITHOSP HE RE (RUST+ UPPER RIUID LAyER OF UPPER mpTLE

Contintbd CRus1
oce ani (RUST LITHOsPHERE
PPer RIG 1D laye
OF UPPer mant
A STHENosPMERE Not fartf l thos phe re

LowER MANTLE
 SE SMIC WAVES

Even though human has enly been ale to drl

upto 2 km ihto earth, the interior of arth Can

be studied by eviden es
by proui ded by Ssm Seismre waves

SEI SMIC WAVES

BoDY WAVE S SURFACE WAVE

Travets along the Can trave) only

mass oF Sar h on Sur fa(e oF eart
SURFACE WAVES.

BDy WAVES

fRImAR SECONDAeY
(P uvane) wave)
BoDY WAVE and SURFACE WAVE

| BoDy NAVE

PRInMARY SECONDARY
(P-wAvE (S-WAVES)

Veloi ty= 7 kms Velouihy= 3.5 km/s

SImilar to Sound waves .

Stmilqr to lqht have
Clomgitudrn al) (Tr ansverse)
a n poss soLIDS LIgUID E GAs Can paSs nly hrough SOUDS
Also (alled Shear Waves
Re corde d first on
seismogroph
Reahes seismoGraph ast

SURFA(E WAVE

R-WAVE 8-WAVE

tAA. Kayleigh- wave AKA LoVE WaVE

VERy PoWERFUL
-MoST ESTRUCTIVE

DES tROY To and FRO

Movement -
SAE
 MA GTNITUDE VS INTEN SITY

MAYNITUDE INTENSTY

he Strain fnerq9 released 7he de struchon

at the FocUs Ca lled Maqnitude Caused by he

eathauake
Mea Sured by RITCHER SCLE
Ca lled útt
intenity
Rarge 1-12
Scale: 1-1o Called Modieicd Merchali &ale
o Scade
4se d

L Used in India
lo me)

mor pau

A EPlCENTRE

Focur

FOUS. FoK A aVEN FoR A GVEN

E 4RTHUA *E, THE E4RTMaUA KE TME
MAG NITUDE INTE NSTty Is

SAmE uREATEST AT THE

EricEN T«E AND
LowER AT POINTS

8 PND
ANALYSIS THE 4NTERIOR OF EARTH:

O GRAPHICAL RERE S£NTATION

BCHAVIOR F SESmIC WAVES (Ponds)

) DISCONTI NUITY NALYSIS

SHADOW 20NE ANYSIS.

hese 3 analyses he us anderstend the interior of

Ear 4h making 4fe F Seismi waves Their velouy,
direchon, and resence

P-waves pass through al

surfale s ( Solids, liqwd, qas)but
at drFpent veloue and difechon
(by Kele etion/Re Frattron).
S -wave Poss
only through solr ds an
Semi slrd ( A
HhEnos phere )
The behavior o these sei smic waves is af unchon oF
density and type o materi als
drpperent layers.
 GRAPHICAL REPR E SENTA TION OF BE HAU1oR

OF SEISMIC WAVES.

3
-WAVE

RID INN ER
S-WAVE
RID RIGa 1D CORE
CRUST x\UPPER-1E LowER-MANTLE

(LITHoHERkE)

( e n e

EARTH

l00 9 0 0 2900 5100 6400

FOCUS
SUAFACE
DEPTH
LI9UD OUTER (ORE
Low-VELO Y ZoNE
(AsTENO SPHE RE)
SEMI- SoLID

The f and S wave start From he Focus

Both slows down at l00 yoo km 9 Low veloity Z%ne

ASTENosr HER E
he mateial is semi -Solid

Apter 400 km, Both Speeds up lower manH CoLID

- A 2100 km, fwave slows down

LigoD OUTER CORE
S-wave Stops Conpleiely
Canro fRora4ATE LQUID

Cmer ges at ht9h Solid Inner

After 5100 km, Pwave velocihy CORE
 2 DISCONTINUITY ANALY SiS

he slowing dowh/spreding up f Seismic wa ve s 1S because

the
change in density
defferenee within Earth.

The thes where the density chunges is caled drsori nu ity

LAYER DENSITYN DISCONTINUY

CoNTI NENTAL
2.
(RUST
CONRAD Behwren S1AL an d SiMA
70
OCEANIC 3. 0
CRUST
MoHO Between (RUST and MANTLE
UPPER mANTLE .O
UPPE R LowER
And
400 RAPETTI betwee MANTLE mANTLE
LoWER MANTE5 5

7400
aUTE NBER Between MANTLE and CORE
OVTE R CoRE Io.0

OUTER INNER
5100 LERMAN 2 6etween Ond
IvNER coRE (3.0 CORC CORE

C400
 SHADOWN ZONE ANALYS1S

SHADOw zorNE
Focus
or (wave
- No chanee Seeing
wave betweer
105 (65-14G W.r.+FoC.

05 P

- This is betause outer Core

is liquid so, depletts

nner
naves. towavds fhe
Core
1he f-naves ars diraHy
through hher Core

waves are ncident

From focur.

he S-wave shadow Zne s

BIGER nd UNIF IED
From 105 E to 05 w WRT Fo US.

DUE TO
uqu'd outer cov :
REMARKe
S- wave
Shadow 20ne analysis reiteradës
Stops a
ltcther
he Presente 6 li1d upper Core
Ond the Property af Pwave to deplet
and wave to top abrupty when i1 teathes it