Rizal’s Life:

Exile, Trial, and

Death
Dargantes, Capanang, Celestra,
Ceñidoza, Ceñir, Dela Cruz
Table of contents

Bitter-Sweet Life From Dapitan Rizal’s Last 25

in Dapitan to Trial in Fort hours
Santiago
 01
Bitter-Sweet
Life in Dapitan
Bitter-Sweet Life in Dapitan
➔ Jose Rizal instead opted to live at the commandant’s residence
called “Casa Real.”

➔ The commandant Captain Ricardo Carcinero and Jose Rizal

became such good friends that the exile did not feel that the
captain was actually his guard.

➔ Rizal wrote a poem A Don Ricardo Carcinero honoring the kind

commandant on the occasion of his birthday on August 26,
1892.

➔ In September 1892, Rizal and Carcinero won in a lottery.

Daily Life as an Exile
➔ During his exile, Rizal practiced medicine, taught some pupils, and
engaged in farming and horticulture

➔ He founded a school in 1893 and he started with only three pupils and
had about more than 20 students at the time his exile ended.

➔ Rizal would rise at five in the morning to see his plants, feed his
animals, and prepare breakfast.

➔ Paddling his boat called baroto, he would then proceed to Dapitan

town to attend to his other patients there the whole morning.
Rizal and the Jesuits
➔ The first attempt by the Jesuit friars to win
back the deported Rizal to the Catholic fold
was the offer for him to live in the Dapitan
convent under some conditions. Refusing to
compromise, Rizal did not stay with the parish
priest Antonio Obach in the church convent.

➔ After Rizal was deported to Dapitan, the Jesuit

Order assigned to Dapitan the priest
Francisco de Paula Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite
teacher in Ateneo.

➔ The priest Pablo Pastells, superior of the

Jesuit Society in the Philippines also made
some attempts by correspondence to win
over to Catholicism the exiled physician.
Achievements in Dapitan
- Rizal provided significant community services in Dapitan, like improving the town’s drainage
and constructing a better water system using empty bottles and bamboo joints.

- He invented a wooden machine for the mass production of bricks. Using the bricks he
produced, Rizal built a water dam for the community with the help of his students.

- Rizal equally treated all patients regardless of their economic and social status. He
accepted“fees” like poultry and crops, and at times, even gave his services to poor folks for
free.

- His specialization was ophthalmology, but he also offered treatments to almost all kinds of
diseases, like fever, sprain, broken bones, typhoid, tuberculosis, and even leprosy.

- Rizal also helped in the livelihood of the abaca farmers in Dapitan by trading their crops in
Manila. He gave them lessons in abaca-weaving to produce hammocks.
As a Scientist and Philologist
➔ Aside from doing archeological excavations, Rizal inspected
Dapitan’s rich flora and fauna,providing a sort of taxonomy to
numerous kinds of forest and sea creatures.
➔ From his laboratory and herbarium, he sent various biological
specimens to scientists in Europe like his dear friend Doctor
Adolph B. Meyer in Dresden. In return, the European scholars sent
him books and some other academic reading materials.
➔ From the collections he sent to European scholars, at least three
species were named after him: Dapitan Frog (Rhacophorus
rizali), a type of beetle (Apogonia rizali), and a flying dragon
(Draco rizali).
The Spies and Secret Emissary
- Rizal learned that his “enemies” sent spies to search for proofs
of him being a separatist and insurgent.

Florencio Nanaman (of Cagayan de Misamis)

Claimed to be Rizal’s Relative and introduced himself as “Pablo Mercado”. A

paid secret agent by Recollect friars Volunteering to deliver Rizal’s letters to
Manila but got busted.

Doctor Pio Valenzuela (June 1896)

Emissary sent by Katipunan Leader, “Andres Bonifacio” .

Andres Bonifacio messaged to be sanctioned by Rizal about the revolution.
Rizal disapprove the revolution stating a peaceful war is better than violent war.
Rizal recommended to as support form “Antonio Luna”
Visited by love ones
Leonora Rivera

Rizal’s true love died while he was in Dapitan. Visits of his mom and sisters
console his mourning.
August 1893, Doña Theodora (mom) and Trinidad (sister) resided with Rizal in his
casa cuadrada. Rizal’s sisters, Maria and Narcisa visited him at times with his
nephews Moris, Osio and Tan who had their early education through Rizal.
Angelica (niece) also lived with Rizal.

Josephine Bracken

Orphan with Irish blood and stepdaughter of Rizal’s patient from Hong Kong. She
is the common-law wife of Rizal who is a mother of their child who was
prematurely born and died hours after birth.
Goodbye Dapitan
- In 1895, Blumentritt infromed Rizal that Cuba was raged by a yellow-fever
epidemic.
- 1895 of December 17, Rizal wrote to the Governor-General Ramon Blanco,
volunteering to provide medical service in Cuba.
- 1896 of march, Rizal received a letter from the Governor-General Ramon
sanctioning his request.
- “Adios, Dr. Rizal!”, “ Adios Dapitan!”
 02
From Dapitan
to Trial in Fort
Santiago
Many important events happened during Rizal’s trip from Dapitan to
manila. Rizal left Dapitan on July 31, 1896. Rizal made some stopovers
in various areas.
● Dumaguete- Rizal visited a friend and former classmate from Madrid and
had cured a sick guardia civil captain.
● Cebu - carried out operations and gave prescriptions to many other
patients
● ilo-ilo - he saw the historical mactan island, and he was impressed by the
Molo church

The ship then sailed to Capiz, to Romblon, and finally to Manila

To Manila.
The Katipuneros attempted to assist Rizal in escaping as the ship reached Luzon. Emilio
Jacinto had managed to get near to rizal by impersonating a ship crew member.
Guilermo Mansakay, the other katipunero, circled the ship in a boat. Rizal declined to be
rescued by the katipunan because he was determined to complete his mission in Cuba.
According to another story, the attempt occurred while Rizal`s ship was already parked in
Manila Bay.

August 6, 1896
Rizal docked in Manila on August 6, 1896, the day after the Isla de Luzon sailed for Spain,
and he had to wait for the next ship to arrive before he could set off. Because being on
board would cause many problems for him, he requested that he be isolated from
everyone but his President's family. Around midnight that same day, authorities took him
aboard the cruiser Castilla, anchored at Cavite.
August 19
On August 19, a Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish government was uncovered through
Teodoro Patino's confession to Mariano Gil, the Augustinian director of Tondo. Many Katipuneros
were arrested following the revelation. Andres Bonifacio responded by triggering an early uprising.
As a sign of the outbreak of the revolution, they tore up their cedulas.

August 29-30
The first major assaults happened in august 29 and 30 when the Katipuneros attacked the civil
guard garrison in Pasig and more significantly the 100 Spanish soldiers protecting the powder
magazine in San Juan.. As a result of the arrival of Spanish forces, around 150 katipuneros were killed
and over 200 were captured as captives. The terrible battle at San Juan, as well as a mutiny in
suburban Manila on the same day, prompted the Governor-General to declare war on Manila and
seven other provinces nearby.

On the same day (August 30) Blanco issued letters of recommendation on Rizal's behalf to the
Spanish Minister of War and the Minister of Colonies with a letter clarifying that Rizal isn't involved in
the raging revolution. On September 2, he was transported to the ship Isla De Panay.
Going to Spain
September 7
The ship isla de panay left Manila for Barcelona the next day. Arriving in singapore in september 7,
Rizal was urged by some filipinos like his co-passenger Don Pedro Roxas and singaporean
resident Don Manuel Camus to stay in the british controlled territory. Trusting Blanco’s words, Rizal
refused to stay in singapore. Without his knowledge, Blanco and the Minister of War and Colonies
had been exchanging messages, planning his arrest upon reaching Barcelona.

September 27
On September 27, the passenger ship Isla de Panay docked at Port Said, Egypt, where they learned
that the insurrection in the Philippines had worsened as thousands of Spanish soldiers were
ordered to Manila, many Filipinos were slaughtered, and others were detained or executed. Rizal
got the impression that he had already been linked to the Philippine Revolution since his fellow
passengers had become distant from him. He addressed a letter to blumentritt the next day
alerting him that he had gotten information that Blanco had an order to arrest him. He was
formally told to stay in his cabin until more orders from Blanco arrived before arriving in Malta on
September 30.
October 3
On October 3, 1896, the isla de panay anchored in Barcelona with Rizal as a prisoner on
board. General Eulogio Despujol, the military leader of Barcelona, kept him under strict
guard–the same governor-general who banished Rizal to Dapitan in 1892. He was
taken to the Monjuich prison-fortress on the morning of October 6. He was escorted to
Despujol in the afternoon, who informed him that an order had been issued to
transport him back to Manila in the evening.

He was taken aboard to ship “Colon” which left Manila at 8pm. The ship was full of
Spanish soldiers and their families who were ordered not to go near or talk to Rizal.
Though he was allowed to walk on deck during the journey, he was locked up and
handcuffed before reaching any port.
The Last Homecoming
➔ November 3, 1896, Rizal arrived in Manila as a prisoner and was
detained in Fort Santiago. His friends, acquaintances, members in La
Liga, and even his brother Paciano were tortured and questioned for
gathering pieces of evidence.
➔ Fifteen pieces of documentary evidence were presented, those are
Rizal's letters, letters of his compatriots, like Marcelo del Pilar and
Antonio Luna. a poem (Kundiman), a Masonic document, two
transcripts of speech of Katipuneros (Emilio Jacinto and Jose Turiano
Santiago), and Rizal’s poem A Talisay.
➔ After examining the case, Peña recommended that (a) Rizal be instantly
brought to trial. (b) he be kept in jail, (c) an order of attachment be
issued against his property, and (d) a Spanish army officer, not a
civilian lawyer. be permitted to defend him in court.
➔ On December 8, Rizal was given the right to choose his lawyer from a list
of 100 Spanish army officers. He chose Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, a
younger brother of his bodyguard-friend in Calamba in 1887.
The Rat in the Kangaroo Court
➔ On the morning of December 26, the Filipino patriot who was
once referred to as a "trapped rat" by Spanish officials
appeared in the kangaroo court inside the military building,
Cuartel de España.
➔ Alcocer petitioned for Rizal's death sentence and a 20,000
peso indemnity.
➔ The jury unanimously voted in favor of the death penalty. The
trial concluded with the sentence being read aloud: Jose Rizal
was found guilty and sentenced to death by firing squad.
➔ December 28, Governor-General Polavieja signed the court
decision. Rizal, executed by firing squad at 7 a.m.
Bagumbayan, December 30, 1896 (Luneta).
 03
Rizal’s Last 25
hours
From 6 am-10 am
● Standard biography states that at 6 am of december 29

● At about 7 am he was transferred

● At 8 am, the president Antonio Rosell arrived

● At about 11 am, the jesuits tried to convince Rizal to write a retraction.

● At noon, Rizal was left alone in his cell. He

had his lunch, read the Bible, and meditated.You sent He then had a talk
● He then had a talk with priests Estanislao March and Vilaclara at
about 2 p.m. Balaguer then returned to Rizal’s cell at 3:30 p.m.
and allegedly discussed (again) about Rizal’s retraction (Zaide, p.
265). Rizal then wrote letters and dedications and rested for short.

● At 4 p.m., the sorrowful Doña Teodora and Jose’s sisters came to

see the sentenced Rizal.

● The Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon, came
to exchange some views with Rizal at about 5:30 p.m. Balaguer
and March then left, leaving Vilaclara andTuñon in Rizal’s cell. As
Rosell was leaving at about 6 p.m., Josephine Bracken arrived in
Fort Santiago.
● At 7 p.m. , Faura returned and convinced Rizal to trust him and other
Ateneo professors

● Rizal then took his last supper at about 8 p.m. and attended to his
personal needs.

● At about 9 or 9:30 p.m., Manila’s Royal Audiencia Fiscal Don Gaspar

Cestaño came and had an amiable talk with Rizal.

● Historian Gregorio F. Zaide alleged that at 10pm. Rizal and some

Catholic priests worked on the hero’s retraction .

● Rizal then spent the night resting until the crack of dawn of December

● So it is said that he wrote his retraction renouncing freemasonry and

his anti-Catholic ideas.
 THE EARLY MORNING OF DECEMBER 30
The Zaldes alleged that at 3 am. Rizal heard Mass. confessed sins, and took
Communion (1984. p. 2661 At about 4 am. Rizal picked up the book Imitation of Christ
by Thornas a Kempis, read. and meditated. At 5 am. he washed up. attended to
his personal needs. read the Bible. and contemplated.

● For breakfast, he was given three boiled eggs. Rizal's grandniece

Asuncion Lopez-Rizal Bantug mentioned "three soft-boiled eggs"
and narrated that Rizal ate two of them.
● He wrote letters for his family and another to paciano. To hoping
that with his death will be left in peace.
● Rizal gave to Josephine the book imitation of Christ
● he wrote the dedication: To my dear and unhappy wife Josephine
Bracken's biography, including her sorry life after Rizal's death.
● Before he made death march to Bagumbayan.
● He managed to pen his last letters to his beloved
parents.
● 6 o'clock in the morning December 30 1896 Jose Rizal

The slow to death

It was six o’clock in the morning of December 30, 1896,
when we woke up at our quarters at the corner of Sta.
Potenciana and Magallanes Streets, in Intramuros, to
attend the execution of Jose Rizal, about which we had
already been briefed the day before.
Slow Walk to Death
Rizal in black suit and black bowler hat, tied elbow to elbow, began
his slow walk to Bagumbayan He walked along with hin defense lawyer Andrade
and two Jesuit priests, March and Vilaclara. In front of them were the advance
guards of armed soldiers and behind them was another group of military men
The sound of a trumpet signaled the start of the death march, and the muffled
sound of drums served as the musical score of the walk.

arrived at the historic venue of execution Filipino soldiers were deliberately chosen to
compose the firing squad Behind them stood their Spanish counterparts ready to
execute them also. An actual picture of Rizal's execution Eight native soldiers were in
the firing squad and the dog in the photo was said to mould they decline to do the
job run around the lifeless body of Rizal, whining.
When the command had been given. the executioners long
guns barked at once. Rizal yelled Christ's two last words
Consummatum est" (it is finished) as he simultaneously
exerted a final effort to twist his bullet-pierced body halfway
around. Facing the sky. Jose Rizal fell on the ground dead at
exactly 7:03 on the morning of December 30, 1896.
Thank
You!