OF COMPUTER

FIRST GENERATION
- In the first generation, three machines have been promoted at various time. - These machines
used electronic switches, in the form of vacuum tubes, instead of electromechanical relays.
- The first electronic computer used hundreds of vacuum tubes as their active components.
ABC ( Atanasoff Berry Computer) I will separate my
class into groups or simply table groupings then
handout a puzzle for each group to piece together. I
will use words concepts printed or stock on card or
paper and cut into random shapes like puzzle pieces.

- Invented by Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry

- The first digital Computer - The machine was not
programmable, and was more of an electronic calculator.
COLOSSUS
 - Invented By Alan Turing and his fellow scientists to decipher the German Codes
- The existence of COLOSSUS was kept secret until long after the war ended.
ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) - Built by J. Presper Eckert and John
V.
Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania - Funded by the Army Ordinance department
- The first general purpose programmable electronic computer
- Used during the War that Compute for the ballistics
- Used also exclusively for calculations during the design of the hydrogen bombs
ENIAC
EDVAC
- Began by Eckert, Mauchly and Dr. John Von
Neumann
- Faster than the ENIAC
- Main contribution is the storing of programs.
UNIVAC (1952)
- Predicted the poll that Eisenhower would defeated Stevenson with 438 electoral votes ( he ended
up with 442)
- The Eckert and Mauchly Computer Co. of Philadelphia (which was soon purchased by
Remington Rand) sells the first commercial computer to the US Census Bureau.
- Stands for Universal Automatic Computer
UNIVAC
 Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper - The first female
programmer
- Developed the first compiler and
computer
programming
language helped
revolutionize the
world of computer
IBM 650
- first released in 1953 with magnetic drum memory and priced at less than half a million dollar,
the 650 was relatively cheap.
- Small enough to fit in a single room and was programmed in decimal rather than binary making
it user friendly by 1950’s standard.
- First general-purpose computer to be installed and used at Columbia University
IBM 650
SECOND
GENERATION
- The second generation saw several important developments at all levels of computer system
design, from the technology used to build the basic circuits to the programming languages
used to write scientific applications.
TRADIC (1954)
 - CREATED BY Bell Laboratories

- TX-O
- Created by MIT’S Lincoln Laboratory - Memory technology – based on magnetic cores which
could be accessed in random order, as opposed to mercury delay lines, in which data was
stored as an acoustic wave that passed sequentially through the medium
TX -O
TRADIC
During the 2nd Generation important commercial machines of this ERA includes:
➢ IBM 704, 709 and 7094

And also,many high level programming languages were introduced:

- FORTRAN,(1956), ALGOL, (1958), and COBOL, (1959)
First two SUPERCOMPUTER - LARC (The Livermore Atomic Research Computer)
- IBM 7030 (aka Stretch)

LARC IBM 7030

John Backus (1957)
- Joined IBM as a programmer in 1950 -
Invented the
FORTRAN, the first high level computer
language to be
developed. It
became
commercially
available in 1957.

Jack Kilby
- invented the monolithic integrated circuit – the
microchip
IBM 1401 (1959)
-called the Model T of the Computer business
- First mass-produced digital, all transistorized, business computer that could be afforded by
many businesses worldwide.
- Came in just a few basic models and they were all gray.
 COBOL (1960)
- A high-level programming language first developed by the CODASYL Committee (Conference of
Data Systems Language)
- The word COBOL is an acronym that stands for Common Business Oriented Language
- Designed for developing business, typically file-oriented
THIRD
GENERATION (1963- 1972)
The third generation brought huge gains in computational power. These includes the following:
- the use of integrated circuits or IC’s (semiconductor devices with several transistors built into
one physical component),
- semiconductor memories
- Coming the age of pipelining and other forms of parallel processing - Introduction of OS and
time-sharing
FIRST ICs
- Based on small –scale integration (SSI) circuits.
- Which had around 10 devices per circuit (or”chip”)

- * Evolved to the use of medium-scale intregrated (MSI) circuits

- Which had up to 100 devices per chip.
- Multi-layered printed circuits were developed
- Solid state memories
- Multiple functional units
- Overlapping CPU
- I/O operations
- Pipelining (internal parallelism)
CDC 6600
- Developed by Seymour Cray
- A kind of parallelism used by the First
architecture
- Able to attain a computation rate of 1 million
floating point operation per second (Mflops)
✓ CDC 7600 ✓ IBM 360 ✓ BCPL ( Basic computer
✓ SOLOMON ✓ ILLIAC IV ✓ TI-ASC Programming
✓ STAR-100 Language
✓ CPL ( Combined Programming ✓ Simply B
Language
KEMENY AND THOMAS KURTZ - Did the most widely used programming language which is the
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) which run at Dartmouth at 2 am on
May 4, 1964 - They designed the first “time sharing” that enables the computer to serve many users
DEC PDP-8 COMPUTER
 - March 22, 1965
- Recognized as the most important small computer of the 1960’s
- Least expensive parallel general purpose computer
- The first computer sold on a retail basis and in a table-top configuration
DEC- PDP -8
CSC (COMPUTER SCIENCE CORP.) - 1968
- The first software company listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Dr.Marcian
“Ted” Hoff (1971) - His skills
combined with this “ there has got to be a
better way” which led him to the invention of
the
microprocessor.
MEMORY DISK OR FLOPPY
DISK
- Introduced by the IBM
- Invented by Alan Shugart
- A 8” plastic disk coated with
magnetic iron
oxide
FOURTH
GENERATION
- The next generation of computer systems saw the use of large-scale integration (LSI- 1000
devices per chip) and very large-scale integration (VLSI -100,000 devices per chip) in the
construction of computing elements.
high SPEED VECTOR PROCESSOR - CRAY 1, CRAY X-MP and CYBER 205 - LARGE MEMORY –
CRAY 2
1975 - ALTAIR
- MITS inc. advertises one of the first microcomputers
- Sold in kits for less than 400 dollars - Has no keyboard, no monitor, no permanent memory and
no software. - 4200 orders are taken within three months
1976 – Apple II
- Invented by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs – founders of Apple Computers
- The first contact of the students with the world of computers.
1979 – VisiCalc
- First computer spreadsheet program running on an Apple II Computer - Released in 1979
1980 – DOS ( disk operating system)
- Created by Paul Allen and Bill Gates

- The programming language FORTRAN 77 is created.

1981 – 3 ½” floppy drives
 - Introduced by Sony

- 1982 – Compaq portable

- Announce by the Compaq Computer in November 1982.
- Has 28 pounds and the size of a sewing machine.
1983 – Lotus 1-2-3
- A spreadsheet application
- Introduced by the Lotus Software in January 1983

- 1983 - Microsoft Windows

- A next-generation operating system that would provide a graphical user interface (GUI)
1984 – Macintosh Computer - Introduced by the Apple
- Incorporates a unique easy-to-learn graphical user interface.
- 1984 – Laser Jet printer
- Announces by the Hewlett Packard Company
- 1984 – PC AT
- Introduced by the IBM
- A personal computer that uses the Intel 80286 microprocessor
FIFTH
GENERATION
The development of the next generation of computer system is characterized mainly by the
acceptance of the parallel processing. Other development were the widespread use of computer
networks and the increasing use of single-user workstation.
Sequent Balance 8000
- Connected up to 20 processors to a single shared memory module.
Intel iPSC - 1
- Nicknamed “ hypercube”
- Connected each processor to its memory and used a network interface to connect processors. -
The largest iPSC-1 has 128 processors.
Computer Network
- Wide area network (WAN) and Local area network (LAN)
1987
- Several personal computers utilizing powerful Intel 80386 microprocessor. - 1988
- Microsoft surpasses Lotus Development Corp. to become the world’s top software vendor.

- 1989 – Intel 486

- Becomes the world’s first 1,000,000 – transistor microprocessor.
1989 – WWW (world wide web) - Invented by Tim Berners Lee - An internet-based hypermedia
initiative for global information sharing.
SIXTH
GENERATION
One of the most dramatic changes in the sixth generation will be the explosive growth of wide area
network.
Networking technology is becoming more widespread than its original strong base in universities
and government laboratories.
1991 – WWW consortium
- Releases standards that describe a framework for linking documents on different computers.

Intel 486SX
- Introduced by Intel
- A chip that help bring in alower-cost processor to the PC market selling for 258 dollar.
1992 – Windows 3.1
- Offers improvements such as TrueType fonts, multimedia capability, and object linking and
embedding (OLE)

1993
- 50 WWW servers are known to exist - Microsoft releases Windows NT, Microsoft office 4.0, MS
DOS 6.0 and workgroups 3.11
 1994 – Microsoft DOS 6.22 - Latest version of MS DOS

Netscape
- Marc Andreesen and James H. Clark
1995 – Windows 95
- Releases by Microsoft
- Within four days the software sell more than 1 million copies.

Amazon.com
- Officially opened July of 1995 - One of the largest and well-known e commerce sites
1996 - Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 - Released as the portable Operating System Solution.

1997 – Deep Blue Supercomputer - Released by IBM

- Played as the fascinating match with the reigning World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov
1998 - iMac
- Introduced by the Apple
- Helps bring Apple back on the computer maps as a very easy and friendly computer.
1999 – Intel Pentium III 500 MHz 2000 – Windows 2000
2001 – Xbox
- Unveils by Bill Gates on January 7, 2001
2001 – McAfee
Releases first handheld virus protection software.
2001 – USB 2.0
2001 – Microsoft Windows XP
- Home and professional editions are released on October 25, 2001
2002 – Dewie
- Mascot of the Federal unit that was used in a campaign
2003 – Asimo
- The first Japan humanoid robot.
2004 – Ubuntu
- Facebook
- Mozilla Firefox - Skype
- Ipod
- Safari
- google
- HDTV and DVR - YAHOO
 2005 – Youtube
- Gmail
- Adobe Photoshop - Google Map
- Pandora
- Earth Simulator -Apple Voice Over
2006 – Power Mac G5 Tower Computer
- Twitter
- Java Script jQuery
- Cloud
2007 – Arduino Starter Kit - Iphone (IOS)
- Core 2 duo
- first Apple TV
2008 – Android ver. 1.0
- Chrome
2009 – Probook by Hp
- bitcoin
-Macbook Air
- Minecraft game
- MSE (Microsoft company)
2010 – Ipad mini
- Core i5
 - Instagram
- Path social network site
2011 – Windows 8
- Acer chrome book - Galaxy smartphones - Netflix
2012 – facebook ( 1 Billion users) - Google play
- tianhe A1 Supercomputer - Iphone5
- Iphone 4 with retina display - Samsung galaxy note
2013 – yahoo announces the purchase of TUMBLR for 1.1 billion dollar
- playstation 4
- Android ver. 4.3
- Blackberry
- Apple watch
2014 – Swift Programming Language ( Apple)
- Reddit social site
- Babel programming language
- iphone 6, Iphone 6+
-
2015 – Windows 10
- Youtube Red
- Sling TV
2016 - Sandisk
 - Vertive
- Samsung Galaxy note 7 - DropBox
- Pokemon Go
2017 – Oppo mobile phone - Iphone x

2018 – Samsung wall Tv - Meltdown and Spectre - Nintendo switch

- Virtual reality
- Huawei nova 3i
- Tiktok
2019 – AirPod 2
- Yoga C930
- Lexar – SD Card 1 tb
- Samsung Galaxy note 10 -
THANK YOU!