Prepared by:

Engr. Kenny B. Cantila

 Castigliano’s Second Theorem for Frames

Displacement of Frames:
L
1 𝜕M
∆= M dx
EI 0 𝜕P

P = applied vertical and horizontal load at the point of interest.

Rotation of Frames:
L
1 𝜕M
θ= M dx
EI 0 𝜕P

P = applied fictitious moment at the point of interest.

Problem 1: The frame is loaded as shown. Determine the vertical
displacement at point A. Assuming EI is constant.

4m
A
B
10 kN ∙ m

6m

C
 Actual Load

10 kN ∙ m
4m 4m
5 A 5
A kN kN
B 3 10 kN ∙ m 3
10 kN ∙ m 10 kN ∙ m

6m 6m

C 5 C 5
kN kN
3 3
 Castigliano’s Second Theorem for vertical displacement at point A

P P P P PP
4m 4m
2 A 4P 2
A P 4P P
B 3 3

6m 6m

C 2 C 2
P P
3 3
 𝜕m
Segment Origin Limit M m
𝜕P

AB A 0−4 −10 −Px −x

BC B 0−6 5 2 2
−10 + x −4P + Px −4 + x
3 3 3

Vertical displacement at point A:

L
1 𝜕M
y= M dx
EI 0 𝜕P
4 6
1 1 5 2
y= −10 (−𝑥) dx + −10 + x −4 + x dx
EI 0 EI 0 3 3

𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝐲= 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦𝟑
𝐄𝐈
Problem 2: The frame is loaded as shown. Determine the rotation at point C.
Assuming EI is constant.

1.5 kN/m

D
C 30 m
12 m

40 kN B

12 m
A
 1.5 kN/m

D
C 30 m
12 m
38.5 kN
40 kN B

12 m
A
40 kN

6.5 kN 6.5 kN
480 kN ∙ m
1.5 kN/m
C
12 m 480 kN ∙ m D
30 m
40 kN B 6.5 kN
38.5 kN
12 m
A 40 kN

6.5 kN
 P D
C 30 m

24 m P
30

A
P
30
P
P
30
P P 30
C
P D
C 30 m
24 m
P
A 30

P
30
Segment AC Segment AC

M = 40x − 40 x − 12 𝜕M
m=0 ; =0
𝜕P
Segment CD Segment CD

M = 480 + 6.5x − 0.75x 2 P 𝜕M x

m= x−P ; = −1
30 𝜕P 30

𝜕m
Segment Origin Limit M
𝜕P

AB A 0 − 12 40x 0

BC B 12 − 24 40x − 40(x − 12) 0

x
CD C 0 − 30 M = 480 + 6.5x − 0.75x 2 −1
30
Rotation at point C:

1 L 𝜕M
θ= M dx
EI 0 𝜕P
1 12 1 24
θ= 40𝑥 (0) dx + [40𝑥 − 40 𝑥 − 12 ] 0 dx +
EI 0 EI 12
1 30 2
𝑥
480 + 6.5𝑥 − 0.75𝑥 − 1 dx
EI 0 30
−𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟕. 𝟓
𝛉= 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦𝟐
𝐄𝐈
Problem 3 : The frame is loaded as shown. Determine the vertical
displacement and rotation at point C. Assume all members have flexural
rigidity of 2EI. Use Castigliano’s Second Theorem.

20 kN/m

C
B 4m 2m

6m

A
 Actual Load

20 kN/m 40 kN 20 kN/m

B 4m 2m
C B 200 kN ∙ m B C
4m 2m

40 kN

6m 6m

A A

200 kN ∙ m 200 kN ∙ m
40 kN 40 kN
 Virtual Load for Deflection at point C

P P P

C B 6P B
B 6m 6m
P

6m 6m

A A

6P 6P
P P
 Virtual Load for Rotation at point C

C P B P B C P
B 6m 6m

6m 6m

A A

P P
 Vertical displacement at point C:

Segment Origin Limit M m 𝜕𝑚

𝜕𝑃
AB A 0−6 −200 −6P −6
2
BC B 0−6 −200 + 40x − 10 x − 4 −6P + Px −6 + x
L
1 𝜕m
y= M dx
EI 0 𝜕P

6 4
1 1
y= −200 (−6) dx + −200 + 40𝑥 (−6 + 𝑥) dx +
2EI 0 2EI 0

6
1 2
−200 + 40𝑥 − 10 𝑥 − 4 (−6 + 𝑥) dx
2EI 4

𝟏𝟒, 𝟎𝟔𝟎
𝐲= 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦𝟑
𝟑𝐄𝐈
 Rotation at point C:

Segment Origin Limit M m 𝜕m

𝜕P
AB A 0−6 −200 −P −1
2
BC B 0−6 −200 + 40x − 10 x − 4 −P −1
L
1 𝜕m
θ= M dx
EI 0 𝜕P

6 4
1 1
θ= −200 (−1) dx + −200 + 40𝑥 (−1) dx +
2EI 0 2EI 0

6
1 2
−200 + 40𝑥 − 10 𝑥 − 4 (−1) dx
2EI 4

𝟐, 𝟓𝟔𝟎
𝛉= 𝐤𝐍 ∙ 𝐦𝟐
𝟑𝐄𝐈