Module 2

Swine Breeds and Breeding

Lesson 1: Breeds Strains and Synthetic Breeds of Hogs

Learning Outcomes:
In this module, the students will learn about:

1. Describe the identifying characteristics and histories of the common swine

breeds.
2. Determine factors that influence breed selection.

INTRODUCTION

Native breeds of pig can be found throughout the country. They are a
small body size compared to other exotic and crosses pig types. Their name
varies from region to region. Breed improvement is important in obtaining
improved and high yielding animals. The main purpose of breed improvement is
to introduce a positive characteristic into a local breed. By crossbreeding an
indigenous sow with an exotic boar; the offspring is likely to inherit the body
shape and good growth rate from its father and the tolerance to environmental
stress from its mother. (https://fao .nepal.com)

In this module, the students will learn about:

1. Breeds strains and synthetic breeds of hog.

2. Breeding and mating system.
3. Reproductive physiology and problems.
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, the students should be able to:

a. List down breeds exist in the Philippines.

Learning Activities

Activity 1: TRUE/FALSE Directions:Read each statement below carefully.

Place a T on the line if you think the statement is TRUE. Place an F on the line if
you think the statement is FALSE. (Individual Activity)

_____1. Compare to 50 years ago, pigs of today are leaner.

_____2. Boars have odorous meat .
_____3 All boars are aggressive.
_____4. It is extremely important to select a good boar since it contributes half
the quality of the herd.
_____5. Gilts have supernumerary and inverted teats were good breeders.
_____6. Boar doesn’t have teats
_____7. Sow that are difficult to get pregnant which only manage to rear small
litters should be sold off.
_____8. Boars which are infertile or moderately infertile should be culled.
_____9. Sow should not be too fat or to thin when they are served.
_____10. Boar must be at least 8 months old at fist served.
Activity 2: Identify the distinguishing characteristics of major swine breeds.

Fill in the table with information about each breed of swine listed.

Breed Name Color Ear Other facts

Type
Berkshire
(Insert Picture)

Chester White

Duroc
Breeds Name Color Ear Other Facts
Type
Hampshire

Landrace

Pietrain

Poland China
 Breeds Name Color Ear Other Facts
Type
Spotted

Yorkshire

Philippine Native

Note: The following answers will be graded based on the set criteria:

Content (5 pts), Relevance and Accuracy (3pts.), Organization of thoughts

(2 pts.) Total of 10pts.
 Analysis

Task 2. Answer the following question and write your answer on

your notebook. (Individual Activity) The answer must be
composed of 100 words and a maximum of 150 words.
1. Explain the differences between Pure breed and Synthetic
Breeds site an example?

Answer:
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

2. Explain how hybrid hogs differ from native pigs ?

Answer:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.

Note: The following answers will be graded based on the set criteria:
Content (5 pts), Relevance and Accuracy (3pts.), Organization of thoughts (2 pts.) Total of 10pts.
 Abstraction

Several breeds may be used in swine production. Producers

should be selected breeds that fit their needs and use them in
breeding program that will improve their herd. Which breed you
prefer to raise when most commercial producers use a variety of
breeds

Answer:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.

Note: The following answers will be graded based on the set criteria:
Content (5 pts), Relevance and Accuracy (3pts.), Organization of thoughts (2 pts.) Total of 10pts.
 Application

Direction: If given a chance what breed will you raise? Select either Pure Breed or
Synthetic Breeds and select 1 particular trait of the breed that you like the
most with your animal. Complete your answer using the mind map given
below.

Reason to Plan A

Plan A

Reason to Plan A

Plan B
 Reflection

Direction: Below is a reflection figure that looks like a human figure. Determine
what you have learned (the Knowledge that serves as your foundation to
stand and keep); the things you have realized and appreciated (attitude
towards learning) and the things that you discovered (skills that you will
cherish in life). Fill in each part of the reflection figure. (Individual Activity, but
you can share it with your peers)

Things I have learned (Knowledge)

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

Things I have realized and appreciated (Attitude)

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_

Things I have discovered (Skills)

______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
.
 Post Assessment

Direction: Below are the questions related to swine production and management. Read
each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers. Choose only the
letter of the correct answer.

1. Black with six white points and drooping ears?

A. Spotted C. Poland China
B. Hampshire D. Berkshire
2. Belted?
A. Spotted C. Poland China
B. Hampshire D. Berkshire
3. Leanest breed?
A. Landrace C. Yorkshire
B. Duroc D. Pietrain
4. White with erect ears?
A. Landrace C. Yorkshire
B. Duroc D. Pietrain
5. Red; fast growing.
A. Landrace C. Yorkshire
B. Duroc D. Pietrain
6. Crossbreeding is an attempt to maximize
A. Uniformity C. Efficiency
B. Color D. Heterosis
7. Which breeding system involves mating unrelated animals of the same
breed?
A. Crossbreeding C. Outcrossing
B. Inbreeding D. Linebreeding
8. Mating animals that are slightly or distantly related.
A. Crossbreeding C. Outcrossing
B. Inbreeding D. Linebreeding
9. Mating animals of two different breeds, resulting in a hybrid offspring that
should maximize heterosis, or hybrid vigor
A. Crossbreeding C. Outcrossing
B. Inbreeding D. Linebreeding
10. Mating two related animals in an attempt to concentrate desired traits in
offspring.
A. Crossbreeding C. Outcrossing
B. Inbreeding D. Linebreeding
 References

Blokhuis, H., R.B. Jones, R. Geers, M. Miele and I. Veissier, 2003. Measuring and
Monitoring animal Welfare: Transparancy in the food product Quality Chain. Anim.
Welf 12, A45-457
Blokhuis, H.J., R.B. Jones, I. Veissier and R. Geers, 2006. Cost Action 846- Meassuring
and Monitoring farm animal welfare. Proceedings of the meeting in Bratislava,
Slovakia, March 24-26, 50 pp.
Diericks, Jody. (2006). Introduction to Swine Industry.
Lapus, Z. (2009). Swine Production in the Philippines.
Livestock Research Division (2016). Philippine Pork to the World. Accessed June 9,
2020. www. DOST-PCAARD S&T Media Service.
Main, D.CJP Kent, E Wemelsfelder, E. Ofner and F. Tuyttens, 2003. Applications for
Methods for on-farm welfare assessment. Anim. Welf. 12, 523-529
Philippine Statistics Authority (2019) Philippine Pork Production. Accessed June 9,2020.
www. Pig333.com.