A PROJECT REPORT ON

Study and analysis of consumer behavior of electric cars in India.

SUBMITTED TO

BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TELECOM & MANAGEMENT (BITM)

SRI BALAJI UNIVERSITY, PUNE
2020-2022
ON SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE 1ST YEAR
IN THE SUBJECT OF
“RESEARCH PAPER WRITING”
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
WG. CDR. ANIL WATHARE (RESEARCH GUIDE)
PROF. SUVARNA JOSHI (RESEARCH MENTOR)

SUBMITTED BY:
MANISH PARSHOTTAM NAWANI
ROLL NO: TM2019122
DATE: 14/08/2021

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 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I declare that the Research Paper Report entitled “Study and analysis of consumer
behavior of electric cars in India.” is submitted by me is based on original research
conducted by me during the period from to 1/05/2020 to 31/07/2020 under the guidance
of Prof. Suvarna Joshi and WG. CDR. Anil Wathare. I further declare that there is no
falsification of data/ materiel to the best of my knowledge.
I further declare that the material obtained from other sources has been duly
acknowledged in the Report.

Date: 31/07/2020 Manish Parshottam Nawani

(TM2019122)

Place: Pune (Signature of the candidate)

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 CERTIFICATE OF THE GUIDE

I certify that the work incorporated in the Research Report titled, “Study and
analysis of consumer behavior of electric cars in India.” submitted by Manish
Parshottam Nawani is his original work which was carried out by the candidate
under my supervision and guidance. I further certify that the above work was duly
approved by me and this work is the result of candidate’s independent study and
effort. Such material has been obtained from other sources has been duly
acknowledged in the thesis.

Date: 31/07/2020 (Signature of Faculty Mentor)

Place: Pune (Signature of Research Guide)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Faculty Mentor/ Research Guide,

Prof. Suvarna Joshi and WG. CDR. Anil Wathare for their never-ending
encouragement and support.

I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to friends, family and others for sharing
their wisdom and experience during research work.

My sincere thanks to the Academics Department for their unconditional, proactive

support and timely permissions for research work and my special thanks to my family,
friends and fellow mates. Finally, I thank God for making this journey an enriching
experience for me.

Date: 31/07/2020 Manish Parshottam Nawani

(MTM2019122)

Place: Pune (Signature of the candidate)

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 INDEX

Sl. No. Topic

1. Title Page

2. Declaration by candidate

3. Certificate by Mentor And guide

4. Acknowledgement

5. Table of Contents

6. Abstract

7. Introduction & Hypothesis formulation

8. Review of literature

9. Research Gap

10. Research Methodology

11. Data Analysis, Interpretation & Hypothesis

testing
12. Findings

13. Conclusion

14. CONTRIBUTIONS & SUGGESTIONS

15. References

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 Introduction:
India is the third-largest country with a street network on the planet. Street head out appeared to be a
favored decision in India with more than 60% of the populace utilized individual or shared vehicles to drive.
(Statista, 2020).
Regular vehicles are a significant reason for worldwide temperature alteration and ecological air
contamination. A wide range of vehicles produces dust from brakes, tires, and streetwear. The normal diesel
vehicle has a more terrible impact on air quality than the normal gasoline vehicle. However, both gasoline
and diesel vehicles contaminate more than an electric vehicle. (EEA, 2018).
The government has likewise begun to downgrade the utilization of conventional vehicles by utilizing
monetary arrangements, for example, street charge. Green duty is forced while re-enlisting the vehicle
following 15 years of utilization to make individuals stop the utilization of contaminating vehicles and
support them for eco-friendly and less dirtying vehicles. High assessments on fuel additionally help in
spurring individuals to discover substitute sources.
After all these still, electric cars have not been able to penetrate the market as such. So, to understand the
factors responsible for this are to be analyzed and the market potential of electric car users can be generated.
The factors which encourage the use of electric cars are to be highlighted and the ones which are
demotivating the use of electric cars are to be minimized or modified so that a greater number of consumers
should be directed to use electric cars.

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 Literature Review:
(Tupe, Kishore, & Johnvieira, 2020) With the consumption of petroleum products and consistent climb in fuel
costs, there is a requirement for energy change in vehicles in India. Govt has stepped up to the plate and
battle contamination levels by advancing electric vehicles and giving subsidies on buy. To support its
creation, Govt has facilitated the FDI norms. Different arising brands are dispatching electric vehicles in
India. The Government and producers should join their hands to fabricate the foundation and establish
positive climate for electrical vehicles. The respondents know about worldwide environment conditions and
are prepared to change their inclination from regular to eco-accommodating vehicles. Cost is a significant
factor while thinking about the acquisition of electric vehicle. Respondents will think about electric vehicles
as their future buy choice, if legitimate framework is accessible. Introductory expense of procurement,
fewer charging stations and the time needed to re-energize the battery is making constraint in boosting
buyer certainty.
(Pandey, Manocha, & Saini, 2020) The prime hindrances of the presentation and creation of electric vehicles
have been surveyed. Flow circumstance and ideas for ad lobbing foundations for electric vehicles. The value
correlation is analysed as far as self-sufficiency and charging time at various costs. On the off chance that
you notice each market of an alternate sort and, thusly, it requires an alternate system. It features the drives
that the public authority has taken explicitly to advance and dispatch electric vehicles.
This record gives an outline of the electric vehicle industry and the potential, it will have later on.
Throughout the long term, it has been seen that deals of electric vehicles have expanded for the years with
the most recent information. Electric vehicle deals in India expanded by roughly 37.5% to 22,000 units
during the year (March 31, 2015). As per the business master bunch known as the Society of Electric
Vehicle Manufacturers (SMEV). Likewise of this information, just 2,000 units were four-wheeled vehicles
that were sold. The board said the business sold 16,000 units in 2014-15. Nonetheless, with these numbers
and levels of city deals, India is miles away and has far to go to arrive at its objective of selling 6 million
electric vehicles by 2020. This vision has been figured by the Indian government through insiders and tasks
in the NEMMP (National Electric Mobility Mission Plan) 2020 and FAME (Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles).
(Khurana, Kumar, & Sidhpuria, 2020) A few ramifications arise for advertisers and producers of EV as well as
the public authority from this examination.
EV selection in India is correct now in an incipient stage; individuals are new and consequently might be
distrustful for a move towards EV. Inclination for EV will develop as innovation progresses, and as
commonality, infiltration and SoC. In improve.
Definitive administrative arrangement on EV and very much expressed motivators appropriate to early
adopters (maker and customer) will assume a huge part in changing to EVs.
ATT arose as the primary factor, which affected the EV selection. Henceforth, EV producers and advertisers
need to deal with changing ATT a positive way towards EVs. Fitting boost is additionally fundamental since
according to the outcomes Perceived economic benefit (PEB) likewise influences B1 through ATT.
The climate is a worry for all, Central and State governments, and each individual, paying little heed to their
height. Presentation of green tags on EVs can represent worry for the climate, and backing with monetary
motivators like free or concessional cost, stopping or need at public spots may improve reception.
Subsequently, advertisers' correspondence notwithstanding the above should feature the normal highlights
like
 Functional data, for example, range covered per battery charge, battery life and most extreme speed
alongside Quality details.
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Be that as it may, furthermore,
 How the client can influence the climate emphatically by receiving EVs.
 Incentives as relevant for receiving EVs.
These actions may satisfy the target of bringing the individuals from the public nearer to EVs. Senior
lawmakers and individuals from parliament may change to go by EVs, hence setting models for the average
person. All partners may dispatch a mission on the lines of "Sample Bharat7. Big name underwriting is
another implies that may impact the selection of EVs. Publicizing ought to summon the enthusiastic allure
that portrays the EV driver in a positive light, for instance,
 Care for the climate
 Association with a high-status bunch
 Proud innovation adopter
The recommended measures may affect the customer's ATT, which considerably affects the selection of
EVs according to the discoveries of this investigation.
(Bhalla, Ali, & Nazneen, 2018) In light of the examination, electric vehicle producers and Government of India
need to contribute more on friendly acknowledgment of the vehicle by making more infrastructural offices,
putting more push on innovation, that can make trust in vehicles. The outcome portrays that the populace is
very much aware of the ecological advantages. Presently duty lies on shoulders of Government and
producers that corresponding to putting resources into assembling of vehicles, Consumer insight needs to
made by giving the above said offices so that fantasy can be changed over to the real world, individuals
begin embracing electric vehicle and shield the eventual fate of India from a few respiratory issues including
asthma, cellular breakdown in the lungs, Chest torment, Congestion, throat aggravation, Cardiovascular
illness, Respiratory sickness.
(Nagpal, 2020) This examination was completed essentially in India to know the effect of the purchaser's
impression of the electric vehicles on the nation's oil and gas utilization. The exploration was done based on
the apparent lead hypothesis. As per this speculation, the conduct attitude, social norm and saw social
impact were calculated in and inspected their relationship and commitment to an electric vehicle's
purchasing plan. As anticipated, the investigation uncovers that the positive ascribes have a good and
significant impact on the real purchasing conduct while the negative credits affect the buying action and it
has an unfriendly effect. The drivers 'hopeful standpoint towards electric vehicles was influenced by these
vehicles' diminished carbon levels, little upkeep costs and the public authority's limits, projects and
strategies. This has expanded the buying goal and upheld the real purchasing conduct for electric vehicles.
Another viewpoint that has significantly impacted the choice to purchase and consequently the genuine
purchasing conduct for electric vehicles is TV promotions, makers' after-deals programs and a plenitude of
information available to buyers on the web. Thirdly, with an ascent in discretionary cashflow, the
arrangement of charging stations and the charging framework, it adds to great accepted social impact by
clients over the choice to purchase an electric vehicle. The adverse qualities affecting an electric vehicle's
buying object are that they have more limited battery limit and decreased cruising speed comparative with
conventional vehicles and are bolted at charging offices. These elements reduce the plan of the buyer to
purchase an electric vehicle and the genuine buy. A buyer is demotivated by these elements and may not
accepting an electric vehicle along these lines.
From the investigation, it tends to be reasoned that the enormous entrance and selection of electric vehicles
can affect the oil and gas area. The effect will be total of the quantity of customary gas and oil vehicles
subbed by the electric vehicles and by the normal use of the electric vehicles. Dissimilar to the ordinary gas
motor vehicles, which can cover a bigger distance for every litter of oil, electric vehicles require successive
charging for covering similar distances. This is principally because of the battery limit of these vehicles.
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Henceforth, these vehicles may see a more noteworthy reception and acknowledgment for brief distance
voyages. On account of these variables, the development of this portion will be generally moved by the bike
and three-wheeler vehicles, light motor vehicles (LMVs) and city transports. For significant distance
vehicles like trucks and UVs, further advancement is needed in the battery limit and innovation and interest
in the charging framework. Due to the restricted utilization of the electric vehicles, it very well may be seen
that the shift towards the reception of electric vehicles probably won't massively affect the oil and gas
interest. Indeed, there may be some other cross slicing factors because of which the interest for oil and gas
may increment. One is that with more prominent number of electric vehicles out and about the interest for
electricity additionally will undoubtedly increment. This would mean an expansion is needed in power age.
Since the greater part of the force age comes from the ordinary techniques for utilizing petroleum products,
gas and oil, it very well may be said that the huge selection of electric vehicles probably won't affect the oil
and gas industry to that degree because of this adjusting factor. Expanding interest in the innovative work of
inexhaustible and substitute wellsprings of energy may affect the interest for oil and gas later on. The shale
gas investigation in the United States and expanding boring and utilization of the Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) would likewise affect the oil and gas industry. This industry, being dynamic and unstable, sees high
varieties in costs and request.
Discussing the Indian setting as for electric vehicles, the nation is relied upon to one of the quickest
developing nations and has a colossal purchaser base for the reception and utilization of electric vehicles.
This could draw in the unfamiliar players alongside the homegrown one like Mahindra to put resources into
the creation of electric vehicles. The result of high reception of electric vehicles, expansion sought after of
electric force supply and subsequently an increment in the interest of oil and gas would decide the effect on
this industry and the interest. The interest for other refined things, similar to hydrocarbons, petrochemical
items, unrefined petroleum probably won't be affected that much as these are not straightforwardly utilized
in the impetus of motors. These are principally needed in the auxiliary elements of the vehicles like support
and so on and for the assembling of other normally utilized things like paraffin, wax, lamp fuel, petrol jam
and so on.

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 Research Gap:
The main drawback of the literature review is that a smaller number of samples are taken which restricts the
information precision and the whole scenario of intention of buying of customers can’t be received.
Somewhere it can be seen that convenience sampling is used so the demographic of respondent, location of
study is not being explored to a wide range in whole Indian market.
The impact of brand value is also not being considered in the above literature review for the perception of
customer. There is a scope of in-depth study with more factors and wider range of samples.

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 Research Problem Statement:
The current market has a low penetration of EV despite governments implementing EV policies. This paper
is for studying the potential scope of electric cars in India. Consumer perception for electric cars will be
analyzed too in this paper.

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 Objectives:
Objective 1: To examine the factors affecting the preference of electric cars of the consumer in India.
Objective 2: To know how to increase the potential market of electric vehicles in the Indian market.

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 Hypothesis:
H0: - Higher-income groups of people are not more inclined towards electric cars.
H1: - Higher-income group of people are more inclined towards the electric cars

H0: - Cost dose not has a significant effect on the choice of vehicle.
H2: - Cost has a significant effect on the choice of vehicle.

H0: - Level of education dose not has significant effect on the choice of vehicle.
H3: - Level of education has significant effect on the choice of vehicle.

H0: - Positive effect on environment dose not has significant effect on choice of vehicle.
H4: - Positive effect on environment has significant effect on choice of vehicle.

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 Questionnaire:
1. What is your age?
o 18-25
o 26-30
o 31-40
o 41-50
o 51 or older.
2. What is your gender?
o Male.
o Female.
o Others.
3. What is your education level?
o Primary school.
o High school.
o Bachelor’s degree.
o Master degree.
o PhD.
4. What best describes your employment status?
o Employed.
o Self-Employed.
o Unemployed.
o Retired.
o Student.
5. What is your approximate family yearly income?
o Up to 5 lakhs.
o 5 to 10 lakhs.
o 10 to 20 lakhs.
o 20 to 30 lakhs.
o 30 lakhs and above.
6. Which type of car do you own?
o Petrol
o Diesel
o CNG gas
o Electric
o None
7. Electric cars can protect from global warming
o Strongly agree.
o Agree.
o I do not know.
o Disagree.
o Strongly disagree.
8. Electric cars are very expensive
o Strongly agree.
o Agree.
o I do not know.
o Disagree.

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 o Strongly disagree.
o Strongly disagree.
9. What factors encourage you to consider buying an electric car?
o Positive environmental effect.
o Promotion.
o New trends.
o Beneficial financial or insurance options.
o Cheaper in operation.
10. What factors discourage you to consider buying an electric car?
o Limited range.
o Long recharging time.
o Price.
o Lack of trust in new technologies.
o Unwillingness to change a lifestyle.
11. From what sources did you get your knowledge about electric cars? (1 – the most informative,
5 – the least informative)
o Newspaper.
o Magazines.
o Television.
o Outdoor advertisement.
o Internet sources.
12. Would you like to buy electric car?
o Yes.
o No.

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 Reliability:

Case Processing Summary

N %
Cases Valid 105 100.0
Excluded a
0 .0
Total 105 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all
variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha Based
on
Cronbach's Standardized
Alpha Items N of Items
.112 .035 12

Item Statistics
Std.
Mean Deviation N
Age 1.53 1.038 105
Gender 1.48 .502 105
Education 3.50 .722 105
Employment status 1.99 .686 105
Family income 2.26 1.118 105
What type of car do you 1.94 1.254 105
own?
Electric cars can protect 1.72 .826 105
from global warming
Electric cars are very 2.06 1.125 105
expensive
What factors encourage 2.01 1.411 105
you to buy electric
cars?
What factors discourage 2.57 .853 105
you to buy electric
cars?
From what sources did 2.94 1.292 105
you get your knowledge
about electric cars

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Would you buy a 1.52 .502 105
electric car?

Summary Item Statistics

Maximum /
Mean Minimum Maximum Range Minimum Variance N of Items
Item Means 2.128 1.476 3.505 2.029 2.374 .377 12
Inter-Item .003 -.397 .494 .890 -1.245 .023 12
Correlations

Item-Total Statistics
Scale Corrected Squared Cronbach's
Scale Mean if Variance if Item-Total Multiple Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation Correlation Deleted
Age 24.00 11.115 .128 .363 .045
Gender 24.06 12.670 .044 .105 .103
Education 22.03 11.970 .117 .136 .070
Employment status 23.54 13.154 -.110 .083 .158
Family income 23.28 11.163 .089 .566 .067
What type of car do you 23.59 11.475 .003 .144 .126
own?
Electric cars can protect 23.81 11.848 .096 .106 .074
from global warming
Electric cars are very 23.48 10.925 .119 .268 .046
expensive
What factors encourage 23.52 9.290 .209 .177 -.054a
you to buy electric cars?
What factors discourage 22.96 13.883 -.241 .231 .228
you to buy electric cars?
From what sources did 22.59 11.975 -.063 .100 .175
you get your knowledge
about electric cars
Would you buy a 24.01 13.048 -.061 .319 .132
electric car?
a. The value is negative due to a negative average covariance among items. This violates reliability
model assumptions. You may want to check item codings.

Scale Statistics
Std.
Mean Variance Deviation N of Items
25.53 13.078 3.616 12

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 Data Analysis:

Descriptives
Would you buy a electric car?
95% Confidence Interval
for Mean
Std. Std. Lower Upper Minimu Maximu
N Mean Deviation Error Bound Bound m m
Up to 5 lakhs. 30 1.73 .450 .082 1.57 1.90 1 2
5 to 10 lakhs. 38 1.63 .489 .079 1.47 1.79 1 2
10 to 20 lakhs. 22 1.27 .456 .097 1.07 1.47 1 2
20 to 30 lakhs. 10 1.20 .422 .133 .90 1.50 1 2
30 lakhs and 5 1.20 .447 .200 .64 1.76 1 2
above.
Total 105 1.52 .502 .049 1.43 1.62 1 2

ANOVA
Would you buy a electric car?
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between 4.718 4 1.180 5.493 .000
Groups
Within Groups 21.472 100 .215
Total 26.190 104
We can see that the significance value is 0.000 (i.e., p = .000), which is below 0.05. and, therefore, there is a
statistically significant difference in the buying of electric car between different income groups.

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Would you buy a electric car?
Tukey HSD
Mean 95% Confidence Interval
Difference (I- Lower
(I) Family income (J) Family income J) Std. Error Sig. Bound Upper Bound
Up to 5 lakhs. 5 to 10 lakhs. .102 .113 .897 -.21 .42
10 to 20 lakhs. .461 *
.130 .005 .10 .82
20 to 30 lakhs. .533 *
.169 .018 .06 1.00
30 lakhs and .533 .224 .129 -.09 1.16
above.
5 to 10 lakhs. Up to 5 lakhs. -.102 .113 .897 -.42 .21
10 to 20 lakhs. .359 *
.124 .037 .01 .70
20 to 30 lakhs. .432 .165 .074 -.03 .89
30 lakhs and .432 .220 .294 -.18 1.04
above.
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10 to 20 lakhs. Up to 5 lakhs. -.461* .130 .005 -.82 -.10
5 to 10 lakhs. -.359* .124 .037 -.70 -.01
20 to 30 lakhs. .073 .177 .994 -.42 .56
30 lakhs and .073 .230 .998 -.57 .71
above.
20 to 30 lakhs. Up to 5 lakhs. -.533* .169 .018 -1.00 -.06
5 to 10 lakhs. -.432 .165 .074 -.89 .03
10 to 20 lakhs. -.073 .177 .994 -.56 .42
30 lakhs and .000 .254 1.000 -.71 .71
above.
30 lakhs and Up to 5 lakhs. -.533 .224 .129 -1.16 .09
above. 5 to 10 lakhs. -.432 .220 .294 -1.04 .18
10 to 20 lakhs. -.073 .230 .998 -.71 .57
20 to 30 lakhs. .000 .254 1.000 -.71 .71
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

There is statistical difference between the lower-level income groups (Up to 5 lakhs, 5 to 10 lakhs) and
higher level income level (10 to 20 lakhs, 20 to 30 lakhs and 30 lakhs and above).
There was a statistically significant difference between groups as determined by one-way ANOVA (F
(4,100) = 5.493, p = .000).
Descriptives
Would you buy a electric car?
95% Confidence Interval
for Mean
Std. Std. Lower Upper Minimu Maximu
N Mean Deviation Error Bound Bound m m
Strongly agree. 39 1.59 .498 .080 1.43 1.75 1 2
Agree. 41 1.61 .494 .077 1.45 1.77 1 2
I do not know. 9 1.33 .500 .167 .95 1.72 1 2
Disagree. 12 1.33 .492 .142 1.02 1.65 1 2
Strongly 4 1.00 .000 .000 1.00 1.00 1 1
disagree.
Total 105 1.52 .502 .049 1.43 1.62 1 2

ANOVA
Would you buy a electric car?
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between 2.332 4 .583 2.443 .051
Groups
Within Groups 23.859 100 .239
Total 26.190 104

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We can see that the significance value is 0.051 (i.e., p = .051), which is below 0.05. and, therefore, there is a
statistically significant difference in the buying of electric car between different groups considering electric
car expensive.

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Would you buy a electric car?
Tukey HSD

95% Confidence Interval

Mean
(I) Electric cars are (J) Electric cars are Difference Std. Lower Upper
very expensive very expensive (I-J) Error Sig. Bound Bound
Strongly agree. Agree. -.020 .109 1.000 -.32 .28
I do not know. .256 .181 .617 -.25 .76
Disagree. .256 .161 .507 -.19 .70
Strongly disagree. .590 .256 .154 -.12 1.30
Agree. Strongly agree. .020 .109 1.000 -.28 .32
I do not know. .276 .180 .541 -.22 .78
Disagree. .276 .160 .424 -.17 .72
Strongly disagree. .610 .256 .128 -.10 1.32
I do not know. Strongly agree. -.256 .181 .617 -.76 .25
Agree. -.276 .180 .541 -.78 .22
Disagree. .000 .215 1.000 -.60 .60
Strongly disagree. .333 .294 .787 -.48 1.15
Disagree. Strongly agree. -.256 .161 .507 -.70 .19
Agree. -.276 .160 .424 -.72 .17
I do not know. .000 .215 1.000 -.60 .60
Strongly disagree. .333 .282 .762 -.45 1.12
Strongly disagree. Strongly agree. -.590 .256 .154 -1.30 .12
Agree. -.610 .256 .128 -1.32 .10
I do not know. -.333 .294 .787 -1.15 .48
Disagree. -.333 .282 .762 -1.12 .45
There is statistical difference between the groups considering it expensive (Strongly agree, Agree and Don’t
know) and groups not considering it expensive (10 to 20 lakhs, 20 to 30 lakhs and 30 lakhs and above).
There was a statistically significant difference between groups as determined by one-way ANOVA (F
(4,100) = 2.443, p = .051).

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent

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What factors discourage 105 100.0% 0 0.0% 105 100.0%
you to buy electric
cars? * Would you buy
a electric car?

What factors discourage you to buy electric cars? * Would you buy a electric car?
Crosstabulation
Would you buy a electric
car?
Yes No Total
What factors Limited range. Count 11 7 18
discourage you to buy Expected 8.6 9.4 18.0
electric cars? Count
Long recharging time. Count 11 3 14
Expected 6.7 7.3 14.0
Count
Price. Count 26 44 70
Expected 33.3 36.7 70.0
Count
Lack of trust in new Count 0 1 1
technologies. Expected .5 .5 1.0
Count
Unwillingness to Count 2 0 2
change a lifestyle. Expected 1.0 1.0 2.0
Count
Total Count 50 55 105
Expected 50.0 55.0 105.0
Count

Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 12.880a 4 .012
Likelihood Ratio 14.358 4 .006
Linear-by-Linear 3.007 1 .083
Association
N of Valid Cases 105
a. 4 cells (40.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .48.

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 Symmetric Measures
Approximate
Value Significance
Nominal by Phi .350 .012
Nominal Cramer's V .350 .012
N of Valid Cases 105

Descriptives
Would you buy a electric car?
N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Minim Maxi
Deviation Error Interval for Mean um mum
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Strongly 50 1.48 .505 .071 1.34 1.62 1 2
agree.
Agree. 38 1.61 .495 .080 1.44 1.77 1 2
I do not 13 1.54 .519 .144 1.22 1.85 1 2
know.
Disagree. 4 1.25 .500 .250 .45 2.05 1 2
Total 105 1.52 .502 .049 1.43 1.62 1 2

ANOVA
Would you buy a electric car?
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between .651 3 .217 .858 .466
Groups
Within Groups 25.540 101 .253
Total 26.190 104
We can see that the significance value is 0.466 (i.e., p = .000), which is above 0.05. and, therefore, there is
no statistically significant difference in the buying of electric car between different groups considering
electric car as solution for global warming.

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Would you buy a electric car?
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence Interval
(I) Electric cars can (J) Electric cars can Mean
protect from global protect from global Difference Std. Lower Upper
warming warming (I-J) Error Sig. Bound Bound
Strongly agree. Agree. -.125 .108 .655 -.41 .16

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 I do not know. -.058 .157 .982 -.47 .35
Disagree. .230 .261 .815 -.45 .91
Agree. Strongly agree. .125 .108 .655 -.16 .41
I do not know. .067 .162 .976 -.36 .49
Disagree. .355 .264 .537 -.34 1.05
I do not know. Strongly agree. .058 .157 .982 -.35 .47
Agree. -.067 .162 .976 -.49 .36
Disagree. .288 .288 .748 -.46 1.04
Disagree. Strongly agree. -.230 .261 .815 -.91 .45
Agree. -.355 .264 .537 -1.05 .34
I do not know. -.288 .288 .748 -1.04 .46

There is no statistically significant difference between any group considering or not considering electric car
as a global warming solution.

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
What factors encourage 105 100.0% 0 0.0% 105 100.0%
you to buy electric
cars? * Would you buy
a electric car?

What factors encourage you to buy electric cars? * Would you buy a electric car? Crosstabulation
Would you buy a electric
car?
Yes No Total
What factors encourage Positive environmental Count 35 29 64
you to buy electric cars? effect. Expected 30.5 33.5 64.0
Count
Promotion. Count 2 2 4
Expected 1.9 2.1 4.0
Count
New trends. Count 9 11 20
Expected 9.5 10.5 20.0
Count
Beneficial financial or Count 2 4 6
insurance options. Expected 2.9 3.1 6.0
Count
Cheaper in operation. Count 2 9 11
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 Expected 5.2 5.8 11.0
Count
Total Count 50 55 105
Expected 50.0 55.0 105.0
Count

Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.658a 4 .226
Likelihood Ratio 6.023 4 .197
Linear-by-Linear 5.208 1 .022
Association
N of Valid Cases 105
a. 4 cells (40.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.90.

Symmetric Measures
Approximate
Value Significance
Nominal by Phi .232 .226
Nominal Cramer's V .232 .226
N of Valid Cases 105

As the p value is 0.226 which is more than 0.05 we would accept that there is no relation between solution
of global warming and choosing an electric car.

Descriptives
Would you buy a electric car?
95% Confidence Interval
for Mean
Std. Std. Lower Upper Minimu Maximu
N Mean Deviation Error Bound Bound m m
Primary school. 2 1.00 .000 .000 1.00 1.00 1 1
High school. 4 1.25 .500 .250 .45 2.05 1 2
Bachelor’s 42 1.55 .504 .078 1.39 1.70 1 2
degree.
Master degree. 53 1.55 .503 .069 1.41 1.69 1 2
PhD. 4 1.50 .577 .289 .58 2.42 1 2
Total 105 1.52 .502 .049 1.43 1.62 1 2

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 ANOVA
Would you buy a electric car?
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between .904 4 .226 .893 .471
Groups
Within Groups 25.287 100 .253
Total 26.190 104
We can see that the significance value is 0.466 (i.e., p = .000), which is above 0.05. and, therefore, there is
no statistically significant difference in the buying of electric car between different education level groups.

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Would you buy a electric car?
Tukey HSD
Mean 95% Confidence Interval
Difference (I-
(I) Education (J) Education J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
Primary school. High school. -.250 .435 .979 -1.46 .96
Bachelor’s degree. -.548 .364 .562 -1.56 .46
Master degree. -.547 .362 .558 -1.55 .46
PhD. -.500 .435 .780 -1.71 .71
High school. Primary school. .250 .435 .979 -.96 1.46
Bachelor’s degree. -.298 .263 .790 -1.03 .43
Master degree. -.297 .261 .785 -1.02 .43
PhD. -.250 .356 .955 -1.24 .74
Bachelor’s degree. Primary school. .548 .364 .562 -.46 1.56
High school. .298 .263 .790 -.43 1.03
Master degree. .000 .104 1.000 -.29 .29
PhD. .048 .263 1.000 -.68 .78
Master degree. Primary school. .547 .362 .558 -.46 1.55
High school. .297 .261 .785 -.43 1.02
Bachelor’s degree. .000 .104 1.000 -.29 .29
PhD. .047 .261 1.000 -.68 .77
PhD. Primary school. .500 .435 .780 -.71 1.71
High school. .250 .356 .955 -.74 1.24
Bachelor’s degree. -.048 .263 1.000 -.78 .68
Master degree. -.047 .261 1.000 -.77 .68

There is no statistically significant difference between any education level group.

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Most people (i.e. 33%) get information from television followed by magazines (27%) then internet sources
(19%) then newspapers (13%) lastly from outdoor advertisements (10%)

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 Findings:
This research paper provides useful understanding about the factors that influence the customers to buy
electric car. The factors which were examined are Price, Income level, Education level and positive
environment effect. This study proves that out of 4 factors Price and Income level have the impact on
buying behaviour of electric car. Therefore, we accept alternate hypothesis i.e. Higher-income group of
people are more inclined towards the electric cars and Cost has a significant effect on the choice of vehicle .
In this research paper it is found that Education level and positive environment effect has no impact on
choosing the vehicle.
It has been observed that 105 respondents out of 55 were male and had more acceptance of electric cars
then females. This study it has also been observed that Most people (i.e. 33%) get information from
television followed by magazines (27%) then internet sources (19%) then newspapers (13%) lastly from
outdoor advertisements (10%).

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 Conclusion:
Through the research paper titled, “Study and analysis of consumer behavior of electric cars in India.”. It
can be concluded that Price and Income level have the impact on buying behaviour of electric car. Also, the
most of respondents were in low or middle level of income so the preference for electric car was not done.

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 Recommendations:
 Company should target more men.
 Companies should find a cheaper production so that the customers are able to afford the electric cars.
 Promotions needs to be done more on internet and televisions.
 Harms to oneself by global warming and environment damage and how electric cars can help control
it should be told to people more so the environment concern would increase and can increase sales of
the electric cars.

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 References:
1. Johnvieira, A., Tupe, M. O., & Kishore, S. (2021). CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF ELECTRIC
VEHICLES IN INDIA. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(8), 4861-4869.
https://ejmcm.com/article_7216.html

2. Pandey, D., Manocha, D., & Saini, D. (2020). A study on an automobile revolution and future of
electric cars in India. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(3).
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3568382

3. Khurana, A., Kumar, V. R., & Sidhpuria, M. (2020). A Study on the Adoption of Electric Vehicles
in India: The Mediating Role of Attitude. Vision, 24(1), 23-34.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0972262919875548

4. Bhalla, P., Ali, I. S., & Nazneen, A. (2018). A study of consumer perception and purchase intention
of electric vehicles. European Journal of Scientific Research, 149(4), 362-368.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pretty_Bhalla/publication/
326572588_Consumer_Perception_and_Purchase_Intention_of_Electric_Vehicles_in_India/links/
5ba0931c92851ca9ed11caa4/Consumer-Perception-and-Purchase-Intention-of-Electric-Vehicles-in-
India.pdf

5. Nagpal, A. (2020). Consumers’ Perception towards Electric Vehicles in India. Psychology and

Education Journal, 57(9), 4043-4050.
http://psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/1623

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Plagiarism Report

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