ANSWERS

Chapter 4 : Structure of Atom

Level-I
SECTION-A

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

5. 12

Short Answer Type Questions :

6. (i) 31, (ii) 15, (iii) 2, 8, 5

8. 10.81

SECTION-B
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (3) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (3)
8. (4) 9. (1) 10. (3) 11. (4) 12. (2) 13. (3) 14. (3)

15. (3)

Level-II
SECTION-B
1. (1) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (2) 5. (1) 6. (4) 7. (3)
8. (1) 9. (3) 10. (3) 11. (3) 12. (1) 13. (2) 14. (1)
15. (3) 16. (2) 17. (2) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (3) 21. (3)
22. (2) 23. (3) 24. (1) 25. (2)

SECTION-C
1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (3)

SECTION-D
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (1)

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Structure of Atom 4
CHAPTER

Answers & Solutions

(Level-I)
SECTION-A : Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. J. J. Thomson in 1897.

2. Protons, neutrons, electrons.

3. Absolute mass  9.108 × 10–31 kg

Absolute charge  –1.6 × 10–19 coulomb

4. (i) Neutron

(ii) Electron

5. 12

6. Mass number X = 12

Mass number Y = 14

X and Y are isotopes.

7. Niels Bohr

8. The energy levels with certain fixed energy are called quantised energy levels.

Short Answer Type Questions :

1. Electron is a subatomic negatively charged particle.
1
Relative mass of an electron is amu
1837
Relative charge is –1.
2. The important postulates of Bohr’s theory are :
(a) Electrons in an atom revolve round the nucleus with high velocity in certain fixed orbits with
a definite amount of energy.
(b) Energy of an electron moving in an orbit remains constant as long as it stays in the same
orbit called stationary orbit.

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14 Structure of Atom Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-I)

3. The nucleus - centre of an atom :

(a) All atoms contain a small, heavy positively charged body at its centre called nucleus. The diameter

1
of nucleus is parts of diameter of an atom which explains the emptiness of the atom.
105

(b) The entire mass of an atom resides in the nucleus which is equal to the total mass of protons and
neutrons.

(c) The positive charge of nucleus is due to presence of protons. The number of protons inside the
nucleus denotes the ‘atomic number’ of an atom.

4. (i) Atomic mass/mass number

(ii) Atomic number

(iii) 4

(iv) 5

(v) 4

5. Results of -rays scattering experiment performed by Rutherford shows that the atom has a lot of empty
space as most of the -particles crossed the atom undeflected.

6. (i) 31

(ii) 15

(iii) 2, 8, 5

7. Rutherford’s model could not explain the stability of the atom. Whenever a charged particle is revolving
in the electric and magnetic field of other particle, it must emit out radiations (energy) continuously and
so its orbit should keep on becoming smaller. Ultimately the electron should fall into the nucleus, i.e.
the atom should collapse.

8. On the basis of given data, average atomic mass of boron will be

 11 81   10  19 
=   
 100   100 

891 190
= 
100 100

1081
=  10.81
100

Long Answer Type Questions :

1. (i) Atomic number : The number of protons present in an atom is called its atomic number. In a neutral
atom, the number of protons and electron are same. A specific atomic number represents a specific
element. Atomic number (Z) of carbon is 6 as the number of protons in its atom is 6. To symbolize
the atomic number, the letter Z is used.

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Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-I) Structure of Atom 15
(ii) Mass number : Since the masses of protons and neutrons contribute towards the mass of an atom,
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called its mass number. It is symbolized by
the letter A.

Mass number A = number of protons + number of neutrons = p + n.

Mass number of carbon is 12 as 6(p) + 6(n).

(iii) Isobars : When two or more atoms have the same mass number (A), but their atomic numbers (Z)
are different, they are called isobars. Isobars have the same number of nucleons but different number
of protons and neutrons. Isobars do not show similar chemical properties as they are the atoms of
different elements with different number of protons and electrons.

40 40
For example, 18 Ar and 20 Ca are two isobars. Both have the same number of nucleons (p + n), which

40
is equal to 40, however in 18 Ar the number of protons is 18 and that of neutrons is 22, whereas in

40
the case of 20 Ca , the number of protons is 20 and that of neutrons is also 20.

(iv) Isotopes : The atoms of same element which have different mass numbers but same atomic numbers
are called isotope.

Example -

Mass Number 1 2 3
H H H
Atomic Number 1 1 1
Protium Deuterium Tritium

(v) Use of isotopes :

(i) An isotope of uranium (Uranium-235) is used as fuel in nuclear reactors.

(ii) An isotope of iodine (Iodine-131) is used in the treatment of goitre.

2. J.J. Thomson was the first one to propose a model for the structure of an atom.

Thomson proposed that an atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded
in it.

The magnitude of positive and negative charges are equal and hence an atom is considered electrically neutral.

Positive sphere

Electrons

Thomson’s model of an atom

3. Rutherford proposed an atomic model, on the basis of his experiment. According to his observation an
atom consists of two distinct parts :

(I) Nucleus

(II) Extra-nuclear part

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16 Structure of Atom Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-I)

(I) The Nucleus - Centre of an atom :

(a) All atoms contain a small, heavy positively charged body at its centre called nucleus. The
1
diameter of nucleus is parts of diameter of an atom which explains the emptiness of the
105
atom.
(b) The positive charge of nucleus is due to presence of protons. The number of protons inside the
nucleus denotes the ‘atomic number’ of an atom.
(II) Extra-nuclear part :
(a) Since, an atom is electrically neutral, so total number of protons in the nucleus is equal to total
number of electrons present outside the nucleus in orbits.
(b) Negatively charged electron revolve around the nucleus at a very high speed.
Electron

+ Nucleus
Proton

Rutherford’s atomic model

Limitation of Rutherford’s Atomic Model
Stability of atom : Since atom contains oppositely charged particles, they should attract each other and
atom should collapse but Rutherford told that electronic rotations are attributed to balance between inward
electrostatic force of attraction and outward centrifugal force.
Centrifugal force

Electrostatic
attraction
+
Nucleus

The centrifugal force of an electron and the inward electrostatic force

But according to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, if any charged particle (electron) shows acceleration
in the electric and magnetic field of another charged body (protons), it looses energy and the radius
decreases, its path becomes spiral and finally it will fall into nucleus and hence the atom will be unstable.

+ Nucleus
Electron

The rotating electron gradually loses energy and finally falls into the nucleus

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 Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-I) Structure of Atom 17
4. The postulates of Bohr’s atomic model are as follows :

(a) The electrons always move in certain stationary orbits which have fixed energies. These orbits are
also called as shells or energy levels. These energy levels are designated as K, L, M, N or 1, 2,
3, 4… etc. from shell nearest to nucleus. The energy level near to nucleus is called lower energy
level and as the distance increases from nucleus we proceed from lower to higher energy level. These
energy levels with certain fixed energy are called quantised energy levels.

N shell (n = 4)
M shell (n = 3)
L shell (n = 2)
K shell (n = 1)

Nucleus

(b) In a particular energy level, an electron neither loses energy nor gains energy.

(c) The gain or loss of energy takes place when electron change its energy level/orbit.

(d) When it jumps from lower to higher energy levels, it absorbs energy. This time electron said to be
in excited state.

(e) Because excited state provides unstability to the electron, as soon as possible, electron tends to
come back to its ground state to gain stability. This time electron emits energy, equal to that of the
absorbed energy.

(f) The energy difference between any two successive energy levels will be

E = E2 – E1 = E3 – E2 etc.

where E1, E2, E3 are the energies of 1st, 2nd and 3rd energy level respectively.

Nucleus 1 2 3
E1
(Energies of shell
E E2
1, 2, 3 respectively)
E E3

SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions :

1. Answer (2)
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (3)
4. Answer (2)
5. Answer (3)
6. Answer (2)

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18 Structure of Atom Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-I)

7. Answer (3)
8. Answer (4)
9. Answer (1)
10. Answer (3)
11. Answer (4)
12. Answer (2)
13. Answer (3)
14. Answer (3)
15. Answer (3)

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Structure of Atom 4
CHAPTER

Answers & Solutions

(Level-II)
SECTION-A : Subjective Type Questions :
1. Neutron

2. 10

3. (i) 18

(ii) 0 (zero)

4. Bohr’s model was an improvement over Rutherford’s nuclear model as it could account for the
stability of atom. Bohr’s model shows that an electron cannot lose its energy as long as it
revolves in a particular orbit and hence it cannot fall into the nucleus by losing energy.

5. Though an atom contains positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons but both
are present in equal number, so atom as a whole is neutral.

6. Arrangement of electrons in an atom : Bohr-Bury scheme

The Bohr and Bury scheme gives the following rules for the distribution of electrons in various
orbits.

(a) The maximum number of electrons which can be accommodated in any energy level of the
atom is given by 2n2 (where ‘n’ is the number of that energy level).

‘n’ Designation of Maximum number of

the shell 2
electrons (2n )
2
1 K 2 × (1) = 2
2
2 L 2 × (2) = 8
2
3 M 2 × (3) = 18
2
4 N 2 × (4) = 32

(b) Inner shell or lower energy levels will be filled first. When inner shells are filled completely
then only outer shells will be filled. (However, some exception to this rule which apply to
elements having atomic numbers more than 18).
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20 Structure of Atom Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-II)

(c) Outermost shell can have a maximum of eight electrons even if it can accommodate more
electrons. (Helium atom has two electrons in its outermost shell and is stable).

Valence shell
Penultimate shell
Anti-penultimate shell
M N Electron shells
ucle K L

us
2 8 18 32 Maximum number of
electrons which can
be accommodated in the
various shells

7. According to this principle, no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of all four quantum
numbers.

8. The second outermost shell is called penultimate shell whereas the third outer most shell is called anti-
penultimate shell.

9. The splitting of spectral lines in the presence of magnetic field is called Zeeman effect.

10. Magnetic quantum number determines the number of preferred orientations of the electron in a
sub-shell in 3D space around the nucleus.

SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions :

1. Answer (1)

2. Answer (1)

3. Answer (3)

4. Answer (2)

5. Answer (1)

6. Answer (4)

7. Answer (3)

8. Answer (1)

9. Answer (3)

10. Answer (3)

11. Answer (3)

12. Answer (1)

13. Answer (2)

14. Answer (1)

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Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-II) Structure of Atom 21
15. Answer (3)

16. Answer (2)

17. Answer (2)

18. Answer (3)

19. Answer (1)

Let the percentage of isotope of 65

29 E = 'x' and the percentage of isotope of
63
29 E  100 – x 

On the basis of above data, percentage will be

x 63(100 – x)
 65    63.62
100 100

65x 6300 – 63x

   63.62
100 100

65x – 63x + 6300

  63.62
100

 65x – 63x + 6300 = 6362

 2x = 6362 – 6300

 2x = 62

 x = 31

65 63
Hence percentage of 29 E = 31% and percentage of 29 E = 69%.

20. Answer (3)

21. Answer (3)

22. Answer (2)

23. Answer (3)

24. Answer (1)

25. Answer (2)

SECTION-C : Assertion & Reason Type Questions :

1. Answer (1)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (3)
4. Answer (4)
5. Answer (3)

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22 Structure of Atom Answers & Solutions of Chemistry - Class IX (Level-II)

SECTION-D : Match the Columns Type Questions :

1. Answer (2)

2. Answer (3)

3. Answer (1)

4. Answer (1)

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