VIRGINIA CENTURIONE BRACELLI SCHOOL

DAUGHTERS OF OUR LADY ON MOUNT CALVARY

POCTOY, ODIONGAN, ROMBLON
A. Y.2021-2022

Name: ______________________________________________________________

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

TOPIC: FAMILY

1. Understand the definition of family according to some sociologist and anthropologist.

OBJECTIVES 2. Know the different types of kinships.

Different definitions of family according to Sociologists and Anthropologists

Sociologist and Anthropologist Definition of Family

Family is a social group that has the following characteristics:
a. share common residence
b. Presence of economic cooperation
George Peter Murdock c. produce offspring
residence d. includes adults of both sexes, wherein at least two of whom uphold
socially approved form of sexual relationship.
e. Responsible for the socialization of infants and children.
Family is a group of individuals wherein the relationship is based on
Kingsley Davis consanguinity and kinship.
Family is a factory that develops and produces human personalities.
Talcott Parsons
Family is an institution that passes down the cultural traditions of a
Bronislow Malinowski society to the next generations.

Assumptions of Major Sociological Perspective about Family

Theoretical Perspective Assumptions about Family

Family is important because it performs different roles for society

Agent of socialization
Provides emotional and practical support for family members
Structural Functionalism Controls sexual activity and sexual reproduction
Provides family members with social identity

Conflict Theory Family is a cause of social inequality because it strengthens economic

inequality and allows the continuity of patriarchy.

Symbolic Interactionist Theory The family member’s interaction can produce a shared understanding of their
situations.

The family ideally serves several functions for society. It socializes children, provides practical and emotional support for its mem -
bers, regulates sexual reproduction, and provides its members with a social identity.
Reflecting conflict theory’s emphases, the family may also produce several problems. In particular, it may contribute for several reasons
to social inequality, and it may subject its members to violence, arguments, and other forms of conflict.
Social interactionist understandings of the family emphasize how family members interact on a daily basis. In this regard, several studies
find that husbands and wives communicate differently in certain ways that sometimes impede effective communication.

TYPES OF FAMILY AND MARRIAGE

1. Nuclear Family – it is composed of a couple, commonly called father and mother, and their children. It can also be called as
conjugal family.
2. Extended Family - It is the extension of the nuclear family established by unilineal descent group descent group that could either
come from paternal or maternal ancestry. It can also be called consanguineal family.
 Kinship is one of the main organizing principles of society. It is one of the basic social institutions found in every society. This in -
stitution establishes relationships between individuals and groups. People in all societies are bound together by various kinds of bonds.

The most basic bonds are those based on marriage and reproduction. Kinship refers to these bonds, and all other relationships resulting
from them. Thus, the institution of kinship refers to a set of relationships and relatives formed thereof, based on blood relationships
(consanguineal), or marriage (affinal).

Types of Kinship
1. Kinship by blood
Consanguineal kinship or kinship based on blood is considered as the most basic and general form of relations. This relationship is
achieved by birth or blood affinity.

Descent refers to a biological relationship. Societies recognize that children descend from parents and that there exists a biological rela -
tionship between parents and offspring.

Lineage refers to the line where one’s descent is traced.

Unilineal Descent is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's de-
scent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).

Bilateral Descent some societies trace their descent through the study of both parents ancestors. In a bilateral descent, kinship is traced
through both ancestral lines of the mother and father.

2. Kinship by Marriage
Affinal Kinship refers to type of relations developed when marriage occurs. When marriage takes place new forms of social relations are
developed.

Marriage- is an important social institution wherein two persons, enter into family life. During this process, the partners make a public,
official and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples.

Endogamy and Exogamy

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group, rejecting others on such a basis as being un -
suitable for marriage or for other close personal relationships.
Exogamy is the custom of marrying outside a community, clan, or tribe.

Monogamy and Polygamy

Monogamy- refers to the marriage of sexual partnering practice where the individual has only one male of female partner or mate.

Polygamy- refers to the practice of having more than one partner or sexual mate. It can be polygyny (a man has multiple partner) or
polyandry (a woman has multiple mate).

RELATIONSHIP OF CONSANGUINITY
1st Degree 2nd Degree 3rd Degree 4th Degree
Grand child Great-grandchild Great-grand-child
Child or parent Sister Niece Grandniece
Person Brother Nephew Grandnephew
Grand-parent Aunt First cousin
Uncle Great aunt
Great- grandparent Great uncle
Great-great-grandparent

RELATIONSHIP OF AFINITY
1st Degree 2nd Degree
Spouse Brother-in-law
Mother-in-law Sister-in-law
Person Father-in-law Spouse’s grandparent
Son-in-law Spouse’s grandchild
Daughter-in-law Grandchild’s spouse
Stepson Spouse of grandparent
Stepdaughter
Stepmother
stepfather

Topic: Emerging Issues on Families

 1. Understand the challenges being faced by the families in this changing world today.
OBJECTIVES 2. Know how the family cope with the changes brought about by globalization.

A. Families and Domestic Violence

Family violence encompasses not only violence between female and male partners or same sex partners but also child abuse and
elder abuse. Domestic violence, more specifically, refers to the abuse by one person of another in an intimate relationship. These rela -
tionships can involve marriage partners, partners living together, dating relationships and even former spouses, former partners, and
former boyfriends/girlfriends. The abuse may take the form of physical violence, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and even stalking.

B. Divorce and Remarriage

Divorce is a court order saying that a man and woman are NO LONGER a husband and a wife. Annulment is a judicial statement that
THERE NEVER WAS A MARRIAGE between the man and the woman. It is the cancellation of marriage as if, it never happened. This can -
cellation is done by the court invalidating the marriage from the date of its formation. Grounds for annulment may include the follow -
ing: absence of parental consent during marriage, mental illness, fraud, lack of consent, and certain diseases.
The determinants of divorce lists the following problems as major factors that lead to the dissolution of marriage: alcoholism and
drug abuse, infidelity, incompatibility, physical and emotional abuse, disagreements about gender roles, sexual incompatibility, and fi-
nancial problems.

Legal Separation, on the other hand, is a decree that gives the husband and wife the right to live separately from each other, al -
though they are not allowed by the law to remarry.

New Intimacies: Families in the Age of Post-Modernity

According to Giddens (1992), in the self-reflexive and self-actualizing world of today, which he calls “reflexive modernity” –
A social condition when people are aware and knowledgeable about the risks they face – people no longer require the ”forever” clause
in romantic love relationship. Romance has lost its purpose and is bound to die out. It will be replace by a new pragmatic, non-transcen -
dental form of relationship that looks very much like the frank erotic desire so carefully controlled by traditional societies, but without
the intensity or danger. In other words, romantic love today has been transformed into fleeting relationships that avoid the risks of long-
term commitment.
Love in the post-modern world also produces post-modern families and similar relationships. Post-modern families are families that
are very different from traditional and modern families and marriages. Post-modern families include same-sex marriages, single-moth -
ers, a lone individual with adopted child, various forms of polygamous relationships, and open marriages.

A. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Families

There are four dominant ways that individuals in same-sex partner households come to parent children: through a prior relation-
ship with different-sex-partner that resulted in the birth of a child/children, through adoption, through the use of assisted reproductive
technologies, or by becoming a partner to someone who has done one or more of these things.
The outcomes for children raised by same-sex parents versus those of children raised by different sex-sex parents have garnered
significant political and media attention. Just like defining the family, studying the impact of same-sex parenting on children is also con -
troversial and morally loaded.

Numerous authors have highlighted the similarities between children of lesbian parents and children who grew up with heterosexual
parents. One review of literature on lesbian parents says that the research on adolescent and young adults offspring of lesbian mothers
suggests that they are developing in positive ways. It concludes, “Whether they lived with same-sex or opposite-sex couples, adoles -
cents whose parents reported having close relationships with them were likely to report higher self-esteem, fewer depressive symp -
toms, less use of alcohol and tobacco, and less delinquent behavior.” In short, sex of parents does not matter a lot as the effects of the
care that parents provide.

B. Transnational Families: Virtual Connections

In the Philippines, fathers traditionally pursue their careers and act as the breadwinners of the family. The father is seen as the pillar
(haligi) and foundation of the family. Fathers as breadwinners only applied to a period of society when women are offered less opportu-
nities to work outside the family. Today, however, many women are already working outside the family.

With the advent of Western intrusion into our cultural life, poverty, and the rising opportunities to be educated, more and more
and more women and mothers are now entering the labor force. As more women are educated, more women also enter labor force. As
a result, many mothers are now working fulltime

While transnational families may bring about negative in impact and severe strains on the traditional structure of families, neverthe -
less, scholars are arguing that new communication technologies are mitigating these problems. Social technologies maybe influencing
and mainstreaming the transnational experiences while families are finding resilient ways to confront the difficulties posed by immigra -
tion. Computer- mediated communications among transnational families are a source of compelling opportunities to keep relations in -
tact.

VIRGINIA CENTURIONE BRACELLI SCHOOL A.Y. 2021-2022

Daughters of Our Lady on Mount Calvary
Poctoy, Odiongan, Romblon
ACTIVITIES IN UCSP
 2. Divorce
_____________________________________________________
Name:_________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

3. Legal separation
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 1
A. Identify what is being described in the following. B. Give what is asked
_________________1. It can also be called as conjugal family.
_________________2. It can also be called consanguineal 1. Grounds for annulment
family.
_________________3. It is one of the basic social institutions
a.____________________________________________________
found in every society.
b.____________________________________________________
_________________4. This institution establishes relationships
c. ____________________________________________________
between individuals and groups.
d.____________________________________________________
_________________5. This relationship based on blood is
considered as the most basic and general
2. Major factors that will lead to the dissolution of marriage
form of relations.
a.____________________________________________________
_________________6. This refers to type of relations developed
b.____________________________________________________
when marriage occurs.
c. ____________________________________________________
_________________7. During this process, the partners make a
d.____________________________________________________
public, official and permanent declaration
of their union a lifetime couples.
3. Describe the Families in the Age of Post-Modernity
_________________8. It is the practice of marrying within a
specific ethnic group, class, or social
1.____________________________________________________
group, rejecting others on such a basis as
_____________________________________________________
being unsuitable for marriage or for other
close personal relationships.
2.____________________________________________________
_________________9. It refers to the marriage of sexual
_____________________________________________________
partnering practice where the individual
has only one male of female partner or
mate.
c. Explain the following.
_________________10. It refers to the practice of having more
than one partner or sexual mate.
1. As you think how best to understand the family, do you favor
the views and assumptions of functional theory, conflict theory,
B. Give the characteristics of a family according to George Peter or social interactionist theory? Explain your answer.
Murdock.
1.__________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
__ _____________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

C. Give 3 definitions of family according to some Sociologist and
Anthropologist.
1.__________________________________________________
__
____________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Do you think the family continues to serve the function of
regulating sexual behavior and sexual reproduction? Why or
why not?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2

A. Describe the following.

1. Domestic violence
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________