Tughlaq Dynasty

(1321- 1413 AD)

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
•Tughlaq Dynasty (1321- 1413 AD)

•Muslim dynasty of Turko-Indian origin

•Founder – ghias-ud-din Tuglaq (Ghazi Malik )
•More fortress and military based structures than
reliogious

•Architectural inspiration from Multan (City in Pakistan)

•Composed largely of bricks
•Tapering structures – load decreases as structure rises

•9 rulers within a period of 93 years

•Firoz Shah Tughlaq contributed most for architecture

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
1. Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din
2. City of Tuglaqabad
3. Firuz Shah Kotla
4. Khirki Mosque, Delhi

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
1. Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
1. Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
1. Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din

•Built in AD1325
•Plan was dictated by contours of hillock
•Known as a Fortress Tomb

•Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq is placed within an

irregular pentagonal fortress boundary.
•The fortress boundary is located at southern (main)
entrance of Tughlaqabad Fort
•Only red sand stone structure of Tughlaq dynasty

•Constructed in the midst of an artificial lake(not

present now)
•Connected to the fort by 228.6m long cause way
•Wall angles upto 75* to the ground

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
1. Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
1. Tomb of Ghiyas-ud-din

•The courtyard of the tomb consisted of some underground

chambers.
•White marble panel and white marble blind alcove at upper
part of the structure
•20m square tomb
•Stone lintel below arch
•Kalasa hindu style pinnacle over dome
•Tomb built for himself, later killed by own son

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
2. City of Tuglaqabad

•The fourth historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327
•City six kilometers east of Delhi, with a fort considered more defensible against the Mongol attacks
•Majorly consists of tuglaquabad fort
•Surroundings : biodiversity area within the Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
2. City of Tuglaqabad

•Still consists of remarkable,

massive stone fortifications
•Irregular ground plan of the city

•Sloping rubble-filled city walls, a

typical feature of monuments of the
tughluq dynasty

•City is supposed to once have had

as many as 52 gates of which only
13 remain today
•Contained seven rainwater tanks

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
2. City of Tuglaqabad

Tughluqabad is divided into three parts:

1. the wider city area with houses built along a rectangular grid between its gates
2. the citadel with a tower at its highest point known as Bijai-Mandal and the remains of several
halls and a long underground passage
3. the adjacent palace area containing the royal residences. A long underground passage below the
tower still remains.

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla

•Fortress built by sultan feroz shah tughlaq to house his version of delhi city called ferozabad
•Popularly known as Kushk-I-Feroz (Feroz's palace)
•Erected on the bank of the river Yamuna because of availability water
•Consist of three rubble-built walled rectangular enclosures

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla

•Fortress built by sultan feroz shah

tughlaq to house his version of delhi city
called ferozabad
•Popularly known as Kushk-I-Feroz (Feroz's
palace)
•Erected on the bank of the river Yamuna
because of availability water
•Consist of three rubble-built walled
rectangular enclosures

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla

•An irregular polygonal plan with its eastern wall in one

alignment.
•The eastern wall was built on the bank of the river
yamuna.
•The central & largest enclosure had an imposing main
gateway from
•The western direction and bastions on either side
flanked it.

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla :Structures within Firuz Shah Kotla

•Ashokan Pillar (Ashok Lat)

•Made of sandstone, but so polished that looks like metal
•Called as Minar-i-Zarin (gold or golden) as ornamented by
Feroz Shah
•In the afternoon on a bright day it glitters like gold
•left by the Mauryan emperor

•Located just next to the ashokan pillar

•Built on a series of underground cells and made of
quartzite stone,covered with lime stone
•Surrounded by a large courtyard with cloisters and a
prayer hall
•Used by the royal ladies

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla :Structures within Firuz Shah Kotla

•Baoli (step well)

•The circular baoli, which means 'step well', lies

towards the northwestern side of the ashokan
pillar
•Lies in the heart of a large garden
•Constructed in the form of subterranean
apartments

•Large underground canal built on its eastern side

through which the water runs into the well.
•Served as a summer retreat for the royalties

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
3.Firuz Shah Kotla :Structures within Firuz Shah Kotla

•Hawa Mahal
• tired structure
•combined with arched facades
•influenced by of Buddhist stupa

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
4.Khirki Mosque, Delhi

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
4.Khirki Mosque, Delhi

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
4.Khirki Mosque, Delhi

•The Khirki, named for the perforated windows or khirkis

•"The Mosque of Windows"
•Built by Khan-i-Jahan Junan Shah, the Prime Minister of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388)

•Built as a fortress with an unusual fusion of Islamic and traditional Hindu architecture
•Covered by a combination of a domed and flat roof
•four symmetrically arranged open-to-sky courtyards for lighting and ventilation

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
 4.Khirki Mosque, Delhi

•The southern gate, with imposing steps at the main entrance,

exhibits a combination of arch and trabeated construction
•There are four tapering corner towers and three projected gateways
one in the middle of each face, with tapering turrets flanking each
gate.

•The Mosque is 170.6 ft x 170.6

ft square plan, raised on a plinth
of 9.8 ft

•The mosque's walls are of

rubble masonry construction
with plastered surface on the
outside

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia
4.Khirki Mosque, Delhi

I s la m ic A r c h it ec t u r e in I n d ia