Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.

Newton’s Laws of Motion

INTEXT EXERCISE: 1
1. As the bus slows down your body continues to move
with the same speed due to inertia and therefore you
feel thrown forward. There is no actual force acting
on you.
2. Newton’s first law

3. At the highest point, the speed is zero. The force due
to gravity is downwards towards the earth’s center.
Due to this the separation between the front of the
Hence the acceleration due to gravity is downwards train compartment and the luggage decreases.
too. 8. Reaction force is a pusing force on you due to G.
4. Because of inertia the dog stays at rest whereas the 9.
truck moves forward (back of truck moves towards
the dog)
5. Since the top block is moving with constant speed.
The net force on it must be zero.
6. According to Newton’s third law both forces must
be equal.
10. When the net force becomes zero, the velocity
7. Luggage due to its inertia tries to move with the
becomes constant.
same speed, whereas the train slows down.

INTEXT EXERCISE: 2
1. Reading in the scale is equal to the tension (force) 4. If the woman is not able to lift
acting at its ends. the crate, the forces must be
balanced P + C = W


Clearly tension on both ends is equal to W . Hence
the reading is W. 5.

2. System moves with constant

velocity and therefore net force
must be zero.
Because of equillibrium T = 16 N P = T + 25N
Reading in each spring balance is equal 6. Free body diagram of the knot.
Using the conditions of
to T = 16 N equilibrium

T = T2 cos 45c
1
1000N = T2 sin 45c
3.
2T sin 37c = 100 N
7. By symmetry R A = RB

2R A cos 60c = 10N

4.2 Physics
8. 10.

T2 = 50 N
Fs = K2 ]0.5g = 35N
T = 45 N

9. T = 6g
4 T = 2g = 19.6N
Therefore Fs ' = 25 N downward.
T = T1 + 4g 1

First spring is elongated

Fs ' = K1 x = 25


25
x = 50 = 0.5m

INTEXT EXERCISE: 3
1. Acceleration is equal to the slope of v-t graph. 10 sin α - T = 1 ]ag
15
at t = 2s a =+ 3 =+ 5m/s 2
T - 10 sin β = 1 ]ag

10 ^sin α - sin βh
force = ma a= 2

= 0.25N 32 - 20 =
4. a = 3 4 m/s 2

t = 4s a = 0 force = 0
15
free body of 10 cm part.

t = 6s a =- 3
=- 5m/s 2

force = ma
= 0.25N οppοsite to mοtiοn

R is the force exerted by 20 cm part on 10 cm part.
2.
R - 20 = 3 ]3 g ^4 m/s 2h
1

R = 24 N
5. F - 150 = 15 ]1 g f = 165N

m3 g - T1 = m3 a
T1 - ^m1 g sin θ + T h = m2 a

T - m1 g = m1 a
6.

Adding the equations we get,

m3 g - m2 g sin θ - m1 g

a= m1 + m2 + m3

B + F = Mg

Use m1 = 50g, m2 = 100 g, m3 = 500 g F + ] M - mg g = B

7. Weight shown by weighing machine is equal to the

3. normal force exerted by man on the machine.

N = 150 Newtons
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.3
8. Let monkey A accelerates upward with acceleration 10
9. Acceleration of block A = 5 = 2 m/s 2
'a' when tension in tail T becomes 30 N
Relative to block A

T - 20 = 2a
0.2 = 2 ]2g # t
1 2

T = 30
a = 5 m/s 2 Upwards
t = 0.45 s

F - ]T + 50g = 5a
10. 5 - N = 0.5 ]2g
F = 105 N N = 4 Newtons

Its obvious that the force has to be larger than 70 N
(total weight of A and B )

INTEXT EXERCISE: 4
1. 3. By virtual work

- T # X2 - 7TX1 = 0

a2 + 7a1 = 0

By virtual work theorem,
- 2TX1 - TX2 - TX3 = 0
2X1 + X2 + X3 = 0
4.
2a1 + a2 + a3 = 0
If pulley C is massless the tension
2 b 10 1 2T l + b 20 2 T l + b 30 3 T l = 0
- - - in the strings must be zero.

29T Therefore acceleration of A & B

40 - 6 = 0
must be g
240
T = 29 N
10 - 2T =- 190 2
a1 = 1 29 m/s 5.

m1 accelerates up.

2a1 = a2
2.

By virtual work

- 2TX + TX1 = 0
2
2X2 = X1 Mg - 2T T - Mg sin 30c

2a2 = a1
2e o = e o
2M M

2c M2 m = M1
F - 2T T Mg

2 mg - 2T = T -
2
T

F - 2T = 3 5Mg

T =
3F 12 6

T = 7 = 70 N
T - Mg sin 30c 5g
g g
F - 2T = 2
a2 = M = - = ms 2
2
6 2 3
a2 = M
2 7 m/s
4.4 Physics
25M - 5m
6. By virtual work
= d 25M + m 0 n g
0

X A + XB + XC + XD = 0
8. By virtual work,
a A + aB + aC + aD = 0
- 2TX A - TXB - 2TXC = 0
Assuming downward as + ve

- 1 - 7 - 2 + aD = 0 2X A + XB + 2XC = 0
2a A + aB + 2aC = 0
aD = 10 m/s 2 downwards

7. 9.

Equating compounds along the length of rod

by virtual work,

u cos i = v sin i
- TX - 5TX2 = 0
1
VB = u cot i
a1 + 5a2 = 0
10.
b mg T l + 5 d 0 m
m g - 5T
n= 0
-
M 0

6g - T c M + m = 0 m
1 25

0

6Mm0 g
T = m + 25 M
Equating components along the string
0

T 6m0 g

a1 = g - M = g - 25M + m0 VA cos i = u

VA = u sec i
INTEXT EXERCISE: 5
1.
m1 a = T = m2 g

Using (i)

F = m2 ^m1 + m2 + m3 h
mg

1

Assume the whole arrangement moves as a system 2. We don’t include the pseudo force in an inertial
F reference frame.

a = m + m + m .....(i)
1 2 3 (Moving with constant velocity)

Now relative to m3 3.

Acceleration relative to wedge is ^g + ah sin i

For equilibrium
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.5
4. block will loose contact and fall freely. 9.

∆x = 2 # 10 # ]0.2g2
1

= 0.2 m
5. If the chamber falls freely the block will stay at rest
relative to chamber (opponent gravity = 0 )

6.

For m to stay at rest relative to M'

a = g tan i
Mg

Also a = M + M' + m = g tan i
10.

For block to stay at rest relative to inclined plane.

ma cos θ = mg sin θ
mg
N = ma sin θ + mg cos θ = cos θ
7. If frame is inertial then resultant force must be zero.

If frame is non-inertial then the resultant of all forces
and the pseudo force must be zero.
T + m2 g sin β = m2 a0 cos β

8. At least one of S1 and S2 must be non-inertial.

m1 g sin α + T = m1 a0 sin α

Hence both pseudo forces can’t be zero.

EXERCISE - 1

1. Newton’s first law. Fnet = 0 & v = constant

F2
9. &
2. F-T =bM l bF l
L x M F4

Where F4 = F3 + F1
3. Newton’s first law describes inertia.

4. F - W = c W m
g 3g ⇒

Fnet = F2 + F4
5. Opposite force causes retardation. Fnet a
6. Force exerted by string is always along the string and
10. 10 2
of pull type. When there is a contact between a point a = 2 = 5 m/s
Vy = a y t = 15 m/s
and a surface the normal reaction is perpendicular to Vx = 5 + 5.3 = 20 m/s
the surface and of push type.
ma 11. Point A is mass less so net force
7. Force on m1 = Force on m2 & a1 = m2 2
1 on it most be zero
8. Block starts sliding when kt0 = µmg

& F–T sin θ = 0
µ s, µ k m F = kt
[Equilibrium of A in horizontal
direction]

so for t # t0, a = 0 F

& T = sin θ
F - ∝k mg

and for t > t0, a = m = kt
m - ∝k
4.6 Physics
12. 2T cos θ = 150 22. Let acceleration produce by air is ‘a’ then for upward
motion

For θ " 90c
net acceleration = g - a

T"3
2H
^ g - ah

so t1 =

13.
for downward motion

net acceleration = g + a
2H
^ g + ah

so t2 =

Now t1 > t2

T – mg = 0 [ Equilibrium of block]
23.

T = 10

Reading of spring balance is same as tension across
spring balance.
14. F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 + F5 = 0

If F5 = F (given force)

a =- c m =- F
F1 + F2 + F3 + F4

Then m
m
15. 2T cos θ = mg
16. Apparent weight = m ^ g - a h when acceleration is
downward. 10 - T2 = 1 a (Newton's II law for A)
m g T2 + 30 - T1 = 3a (Newton's II law for B)
17. a = m +B m T1 - 30 = 3a (Newton's II law for C)
A B

18. 10 - T1 = 2a g
& a= 7


T1 - T2 = 3a 6g
& T2 = 7

T2 = 5a
24.
19. Gas molecules will tend for move towards the back
of compartment lowering the pressure in front.

F = m1 4 [Newton’s II law for m1 ]
20.

F = m2 6 [Newton’s II law for m2 ]
F = (m1 + m2) a [Newton’s II law for ^m1 + m2h ]

& F = b 4 + 6 l & 1 = b 4 + 6 la
F F 1 1

2mg sin 30º - mg sin θ & a = 2.4 m/s 2

Acceleration = 2m + m
25. Fv = 6it –8 tj + 10 kt

Given a = g/6
" "
g (2 sin 30º - sin θ ) F = ma

so 3 = g/6
" "
1 F =m a
& sin θ = 2

& θ = 30c 6 2 + 8 2 + 10 2 = m1 (1)

21. F1 t1 = F2 t2
m = 10 2 kg
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.7
1 40sin30°=20N
2 2 2 2 2F 32.
26. v = v + 2as 0 =1 + m x N

5kg 40cos30°=20√ 3N
FBD 5kg
-m 2 2
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

x = 2F v = v + 2as
50N
'
2F
Net vertical force acting on the body is equal to zero.
0 = 3 + m x & F' = 9F
2 2

27. 2m1 m2
33. T = m + mg
1

2 # 1 # m2 # 10

& 10 = 1 + m2 & m2 = 1 kg

34. Impulse is area under F-t graph

35. mamin = mg - Tmax

Mg sin θ - T = Ma [Newton’s II law for block 1]
75 mg g

T = Ma [Newton’s II law for block 2] mg
= - 100 mg = 4 & amin = 4
Mg sin θ 2g g 10 20 -

2 T = Mg sin θ T= 2 36. For BC = 0, a = 2 + 5 + 1 = 4 = 4 = 8 ms 2

(2 + 1) g 3g 30 -
For BC = 2m, a = 2 + 5 + 1 = 8 = 8 ms 2

28.
m -m
37. Acceleration of particle = d m1 + m2 n^ g + a h
1 2

& ` 2 + 1 j (g + a) = 2
2 - 1 g

Reading of spring balance is same as tension across
the balance.
38. Just after release T = 0 due to non–impulsive nature
& T = 10 g = 98N of spring. So acceleration of both blocks will be g .

T = 2 a (Newton's II law for 2 kg block)
& a = 49 m/s 2 39. Case (i) : F1 = 2T1

29. Weight of man in stationary lift is mg F1

4mg - 2mg 2mg g

a1 = 6m = 6m = 3

T T
g
` T1 - 2mg = 2m # 3

8mg 16mg

mg–N = ma [Newton’s II law for man]
& T1 = 3 ` F1 = 3

& N = m (g - a) Case (ii)
F2

Weight of man in moving lift is equal to N. F2 = 2T2
4mg - 2mg g
mg 3 g
a2 = = 3

& & a= 3 6m
m ( g - a) = 2 T T
g
` 4mg - T2 = 4m # 3
30.
8mg 16mg
T2 = 3 ` F2 = 2T2 = 3

2mg - mg 2mg - mg g
40. a1 = m = g; a2 = 3m = 3

N = Mgcos θ $ force eserted by plane on the block.
mg + mg - mg g

a3 = = 2; a1 > a3 > a2
31. N = m ^ g + a h
2m
4.8 Physics

44. mg–
3 mg = ma [Newton’s II law for man]
4
41.
g

& a= 4

F – N = Ma [Newtons law for block of mass
M] 45.

N – N’ = ma [Newtons law for block of mass
m] F – k x = m1 a1 [Newton’s II law for M1]
kx = m2 a2 [Newton’s II law for M2]

N’ = M’a [Newtons law for block of mass M’]
By adding both equations.
F F - m1 a1
& N ' = M ' M+m+M ' F = m1 a1 + m2 a2 & a2 =
m2
F
N = (m + M ') M + m + M ' 46. F = m1 a1 + m2 a2 [Newton’s law for system]

200 = 10×12 + 20×a a = 4m/s 2 .
42.
47.

T2 – 8g = 8a
[Newton’s II law for 8 kg block] F = m1 a1 [Newton’s II law for m1]

& T2 = 8 × 2.2 + 8 × 9.8 180 = 20 a1
2
= 96 N & a1 = 9 m/s

T1 – 12 g – T2 = 12 a Net force on m2 is 0 therefore acceleration of

[Newton’s II law for 12 kg block] m2 is 0.

& T1 = 12 × 2.2 + 12 × 9.8 + 96
48.
T1 = 240 N

43.

30 – T2 = 3 a [Newton’s II law for 3 kg block]

T2 – T1 = 6 a [Newton’s II law for 6 kg block]
Mg – T = Ma [ Newton’s II law for M]

T1 – 10 = 1 a [Newton’s II law for 1 kg block]
T – mg = ma [ Newton’s II law for m]
By adding three equations
2mMg
T = M+m 30 – 10 = 10 a & a = 2 m/s 2 .
If m << M than m + M » M
49. F1 - F2 = m ]ag, m = 0
2 mMg
& T=
M 50. T2 = ^m1 + m2 h a
& T = 2 mg
Total downward force on pulley is 2T = 4 mg. T m

T1 = m1 a ` T1 = m +1m
2 1 2
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.9
51. 57.

The length of string AB is constant.
By string constant 2a1 + a2 = 0

speed A and B along the string are same u sin θ = V

Also 4g - 2T = 4a1
V
]1 g g - T = 1 ^a2 h

u = sin θ


52. X1 - XP + X2 - XP = Constant 58.

Differentiating

a1 + a2 = 2aP

53.

FBD of block is shown w.r.t. wedge and FBD of
wedge is shown w.r.t. ground. FP is pseudo force.

By symmetry we can conclude that block will move
mg sin 37–ma cos 37 = mab
only in vertical direction. 2

& ab = g sin 37–a cos 37 = 2 m/s w.r.t. wedge

Length of string AB remains constant

Velocity of point A and B along the string is same.
N–ma sin 37–mg cos 37 = 0
u [Newton’s II law for block]

V cos θ = u & V = cos θ
4 3

& N = 1×10× 5 + 1×5× 5
54. l1 + l2 + l3 + l4 = C
2 N = 11 N
3 1
4
d, d, d, d, v
Net force acting on block w.r.t. ground.
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 0
dt dt dt dt
2 m/s

–v–v + 0 + v + 2 = 0 & v = 2m/s
55. u cos 45c = v cos 60c

F = (mg sin 37) 2 + (mg cos37–N) 2

`10 # 53 j + a 10 b 54 l –11 k
2 2
=

56. At the instant when block looses contact = 6 2 + 3 2

ct sin θ = mg
t
F=3 5 N

# b mc t cos θ ldt = 2ctm cos θ
2

V =
0
t

X = # Vdt
0
4.10 Physics

EXERCISE - 2
1. 2T sin θ = W 6. Let L1 and L2 be the portions (of length) of rope on

left and right surface of wedge as shown
W

T = 2 cosec θ

` Magnitude of acceleration of rope

M
[L1 sin α - L2 sin β] g
a= L
M =0
2.
^` L1 sin α = L2 sin βh

T1 cos 45º = T2 cos 45º 7. From graph F = 2t 2
T1 = T2 ; (T1 + T2) sin 45º = mg dv = 2 2
&
dt a = 5 t
2 T1 = mg 2

V = 15 t3
mg
T1 =
2 8. F sin ]kxg = mg
T
At the instant of lowing contact.
T sin θ = Mg + 1
2
F cos ]kxg
mg
a = m
T sin θ = Mg + 2 .......... (i)

Using adx = vdv
T mg
T cos θ = 1 = 2 .......... (ii)
F cos ]kxg
x
2

v2 = 2 # m dx
0
dividing (i) and (ii)
M + m/2
tan θ = m/2 = 1 + m
2M
= 2mF sinkkx

2F sin kx
3. T = mg
v =km
2T cos θ = Mg 9. Under the air resistance velocity will decrease,
2mg cos θ = Mg become zero and then increase in downward
M direction till it reaches a constant magnitude
cos θ = 2m 1 1 (terminal velocity)
M 1 2m 1
10. h = 2 gt12 .....(1)
T = 2m2 m3
4. 2 m2 + m3 g Coin

h
m1 g 2m2 m3
2 = m2 + m3 g At rest
4m m
m1 = m +2 m3 u
2 3
u
1 1 = 4
m2 + m3 m1 h

5.

Relative to lift = g - 0 = g
N2


sin ]180 - 37cg srel = urel t2 + 1/2 arel t22

mg
sin ]180 - 37cg

= 1

srel = h ` h = 2 gt22 .....(2)

2 gt2 & 6t1 = t2@

1 2=1 2
gt
2 1
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.11
11. For t < 0
i.e. Resulting acceleration is in vertical

System is in equilibrium and hence direction

F1 = F2 = F 16.
12. Reading of spring balance is less than m

T1 + T2 = mg

if a (.) and reading of spring balance is

If upper spring is cut

greater than m if a is upwards
13.
mg - T2 = m # 6 .....(i)

If lower spring is cut :
A + B + C + D + E = 300i............. (1)

B + C + D + E = –100i.................. (2)
A + C + D + E = 2400j.................. (3) mg - T1 = ma .....(ii)

equation (1) - equation(3) give

B = 300i–2400j................ (4) adding (i) and (ii)
equatiοn ^1 h - equatiοn ^2 h give 2mg–T1 + T2 = m (a + 6)
A = 400i............................ ^5 h
2mg–mg = m (a + 6)
Adding equatiοn ^4 h and ^5 h mg = m (a + 6)
& A + B = 700i–2400j g = a+6 a = 4m/s 2 .

A+B F
a] A + Bg = 100 17. Acceleration of two mass system is a = 2m
= 7i–24j leftward

14. length οf groove = 3 2 + 4 2 = 5m N

Acceleration along the incline F
60°

= g sin θ = g sin 30º = g/2 30°

Acceleration along the groove

FBD of block A
g
= g/2 cos (90–α) = g/2 sin α = 2 # 54 = 4m/s 2

mF
v 2 = 2as
N cos 60°–F = ma = 2m solving N = 3F
v = 2 # 4 # 5 = 40 m/ sec 18. Before cutting the spring

15.

Resultant acceleration

T2 = mg
2
g 3 1 g 3
c m +e go +
2
= . . g cos 150º
After
2 2 2 2 2
g 2mg - mg = 2 ma
. sin 150º
2 1 a = g/2
tan a = =
3g g 3 T3 = mg/2
+ . cos 150 o mg mg
2 2 T2 - T3 = mg - 2 = 2
a = 30c
4.12 Physics
19.
(c) – Pulling force on bricks = F

(d) – Pulling force on pulley = F/2
24. Maximum tension in string Tmax sin 30° = 40
40 =
T
& max = 1 80N
2

a = b + c [string constrained] For monkey Tmax –mg = ma & a = 6m/s –2


T = mB b [Newtons II law for B in horizontal 25. Acceleration of system
= b 44 + 11 l g = 53 # 10 = 6 ms -2
direction] -

T = 6m A + mc@ c

Relative acceleration of blocks = 12ms –2


[Newton’s I law for A and C in horizontal direction] 1
Now 2 + 4 = 2 (12) t 2 & t = 1 sec

m A g–T = m A a
26. In (A) T = kx1 = 2g

[Newton’s II law for A in vertical direction].
g 12
m g-T In (B) T = kx2 = 3g–3× 5 = 5 g
T T
A m = m + m +m g 4
A B A C
In (C) T = kx3 = 2g–2× 3 = 3 g
4mg - T x1 5x2 3x3
= 3Tm + 12Tm 2 = 12 = 4
4m
3mg g ^mg + N2 h
&T = 2 &b= 2 27. Acceleration of B : a1 = m
a N1 N2
20. T = M # 2 .....(i)
T
20 - 2 = 2 # a .....(ii) B

1 Ma a1
20 - 2 # 2 = 2a mg
T
& 2 = 1 # g & T = 20N ^mg - N2h sin θ
2

Acceleration of A: a2 = m
a = 5 m/s N2
& M = 8 kg
21. Acceleration
a2

Net force 3 # 250 - (100) g sin θ

= Total mass = 100 mg

a1
= 750100260 = 4.9 ms -2
but a1 sin θ = a2
- a2

θ

22. Let acceleration of masses

^mg + N2h sin θ mg - N2
2

w.r.t. pulley be a
& =
m m

Mg–T–Ma0 = Ma mg cos 2 θ
& N2 =

^1 + sin 2 θ h

T + ma0 –mg = ma
g cos 2 θ 2g sin 2 θ
(
& M–m) g– (M–m) a0 = (m + M) a
a2 = g–
1 + sin θ ^1 + sin 2 θh
2 =

& a = (g–a0)
28. F1 - T = m1 a & T - F2 = m2 a

But a0 2 g so a 1 0 and T 1 0
F -F

& Tension in string will be zero & = m1 + m2
a
1 2

23. (a) – Pulling force on bricks = 2F F -F m1 F2 + m2 F1

` T = F1 - m1 c m1 + m2 m =
m1 + m2

(b) – Pulling force on bricks = F 1 2
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.13
29. 25 - 20 = 2a 38. From geometry rA = 10m
& a = 2 . 5m / s
2

30. a1 + a2 = 2a .....(1)

T - Mg = Ma1 .....(2)


T - mg = ma2 .....(3)
cos
VA α = VB cos β

a1 - a2 = 2a .....(4)
39. v cos θ = u
&
a1 a2 are accelerations of m1 & m2 w.r.t. earth.
v = u sec θ
31. 1 (3 + a) = 20
dv = dθ
& ai = gm/s 2
dt u sec θ tan θ dt fff.. (i)
b
a f = a 3 kg = 3
2-1 9 tan θ = y

dθ b dy
2g sec 2 θ dt = – 2 dt


` ∆a = y
3
=+ b2 cos 2 θ cos
u
θ
0.3 g y
32. a = 0.9 g =
3 2

g = 1b b 2 cos θu
2g y
V = 0+ 3 2 =
3
= u cos θ 2
b tan θ......... (ii)
V

` the string tight again after f = g = 2 sec
3 2
dv u
& dt = b tan3 θ from (i) and (ii)

33.
V1 + V2
40. a VP = 2
Vp

Pulley P1
V1
V2

2F + N - Mg = Ma u→ ←u

2F - N - mg = ma u↑

P 1

34-36. m3 g - T = m3 a3 x ↑v1 ↑v2 v2 ↓ ↑u

P2 P3 ↑v

T - m2 g = m2 a2
v↑
v↑
M

T = m1 a1 + m2 a1
0+v

a1 & a2 are u= 2 1
..... (i)
accelerations of m1 & m2 w.r.t. earth. Pulley P2

37. By setting string length constant v1 + v2

v= 2 & 2v = v1 + v2 ..... (ii)
L = 3l1 + 2l2
–v2 + u
& 3v0 = 2v A
Pulley P3 v = 2 ..... (iii)
3
v A = 2 v0
Eliminate v1 & v2 to get
v A = v A - vB
v & 2u + u - 2u = 2v & 3u = 4v
= 20 3
v= 4u

towards right
4.14 Physics
41. Solving problem in the frame of pulley 3u sin 30º = Vy cos 30º

& Vy = 3u tan 30º = 3 u
and Vx = 2u & V = V x2 + V y2 = 7 u

44. l1 + l2 + l3 + l4 = constant

B
3.25 cos θ–1 sin θ = 3 cos 30 + 1 sin 30 x1 1 2
3 1
3.25 cos θ– sin θ = 2 + 2 A 3 x2
4
3.25 cos θ– sin θ = 2 C

13 cos θ–4 sin θ = 8

,1 + , 2 + ,3 + , 4 = 0
13 1– sin 2 θ = 8 + 4 sin θ
169 - 169 sin 2 θ = 64 + 16 sin 2θ + 64 sin θ

x1 + x1 + x2 + x2 –x1 = 0 & 2x2 + x1 = 0
185 sin 2 θ + 64 sin θ–105 = 0
But acceleration of C = g downward
3
( a Tension in string is zero as A is massless)
& sin θ = 5

3
& Acceleration of A = 2g upwards
& tan θ = 4
45. x 2 + d 2 = y 2 & x dx = y dy y
42. dt dt d
& xv A = y (20) & v A = 25ms 1
-
37°
x

46. u cos θ = VB

47. VB cos θ = VA sin θ

v=
dx =- 20 sin θ dθ

& VA = VB cot θ
dt dt
dy dθ 4 a1 + a2
u=
dt =- 16 sin θ dt & u = 5 v = 0.8 v
2
48. a= 2 = 3.5m/s
43. As cylinder will remains in contact with wedge A 49.

Vx = 2u

l2, l3, l4, l6 remain constant. l1 + l5 = constant so,
l7 will also be constant, so, only velocity of B is

As it also remain in contact with wedge B along horizontal = 2 m/s.

u sin 30° = Vy cos 30°–Vx sin 30° 50.
sin 30c u sin 30c
Vy = Vx cos 30c + cos 30c
Vy = Vx tan 30c + u tan 30c
Vy = 3u tan 30c = 3 u
V = ^velcοity οf B w.r.t grοundh

V = V x2 + V y2 = 7 u V–4
2 = 2 V = 8 m/s (velcoity of B w.r.t ground)

Method - II

V’ = 6 m/s (velcoity of B w.r.t lift )

In the frame of A
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.15
51. Mg - 5T = Ma1 perpendicular to string

mg - T = ma2

mg sin θ = ma cos θ

a1 + 5a2 = 0
a

tan θ = g
52. Acceleration of bolt with respect to car

Applying Newton’s law along string

& T–m g 2 + a 2 = ma

T = m g 2 + a 2 + ma

57.


Bolt have acceleration perpendicular to inclined
plane with respect to car so it will hit the surface of
car at point Q as shown
so distance from point P = 3m
53. The free body diagram of cylinder is as shown.

Since net acceleration of cylinder is horizontal,
F.B.D. of mass m is w.r.t. trolley

N AB cos 30° = mg .....(i)
T sin (α–θ) + mg sin θ–FP = 0
2

or N AB = mg
[Equilibrium of mass in x direction w.r.t. trolley]
3

and NBC –N AB sin 30° = ma & T sin (α–θ) + mg sin θ–mg sin θ = 0

& T sin (α–θ) = 0

or NBC = ma + N AB sin 30°...... (ii)

since T cant be zero , sin (α–θ) must be zero

Hence N AB remains constant and

NBC increases with increase in a.
58. FBD of block w.r.t. wedge

54. T sin θ = m ^ g sin α + a0h N

30°
T cos θ = mg cos α mg
g sin α + a0
& tan θ = c m mg 30°
g cos α
g sin α + a
θ = tan –1 c g cos α 0 m
Acceleration of block w.r.t wedge

mg 2 - mg ` 2 j
55. Slope of vrel –t curve is Constant. 3 1
= c 2 mg
3 -1

& t= m

& arel = Const. a = a1 – a2 ! 0

Now from S = ut + 2 at 2 . 1 = 2 c 2 m gt 2

Inference is that at least one reference frame 1 1 3 -1

is accelerating both can’t be non - accelerating
simultaneously.
4

& t= = 0.74 s
56. (Force diagram in the frame ^ 3 - 1h g
of the car)

Applying Newton’s law
4.16 Physics

EXERCISE - 3

1. ( x1 ) x 5.

y
z θ

x2 + y2 = z2
& x1 + z = l
` x . VA + y . VB = z . VZ ... (1) & & VA = VZ .... (2)


T = m1 a1x

From (1) & (2)

T cos θ = m2 a2x
` VA (z - x) = y.VB 1
6. L = 2 g sin θt 2
& VB = V ` y - y j
z x
1

x = 2 gt 2

& VB = V a cos θ - cos θ k

1 sin θ L =

x sin θ
7.
2. a AC = a A - aC

a
` A = a AC + aC

Also a = b + c
N sin θ = mA

N + mA sin θ = mg cos θ
3. 2TX A - TXB = 0

ar = g sin θ + A cos θ

2VA = VB
Solving

mg sin θ cos θ

A =
M + m sin 2 θ
2
mg sin θ cos θ

ar = g sin θ +
M + m sin 2 θ
Mg sin θ + mg sin θ

=
M + m sin 2 θ
] M + mgg sin θ
4. nMg = M (g + a)

=

` amax = (n - 1) g M + m sin 2 θ
A m cos θ

If t1 is the time of acceleration & t2 is the time of
ar = ] M + mg
decceleration
ay ar sin θ sin θ

tan β = a = a cos θ - A = cos θ - A
The Vm = (n - 1) gt1 and Vm = gt2
x r
ar
t 1 1 1 sin θ
` t1 = n - 1 ... (1) h = 2 (n - 1) gt12 + 2 gt 22 ... (2)
=
cos θ - b M + m l cos θ
m
2

From (1) & (2)
(n - 1 )
= b MM
+ m l tan θ

` Vm = n 2gh
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.17
8. 14. aC = a A cos θ .....(1)

2mg - T = 2m.ac .....(2)

T cos θ = m . a A .....(3)

2mg = cos θ ` cosc θ j + 2m.ac

m a


aB = a A sin θ
& 2mg = a 2m k ac
m +
2
z2 cos θ
z1 2
y 2g cos θ
9.
& ac =
θ1 θ2 1 + 2 cos 2 θ
x1 x2
15.
x 21 + y 2 = z12 & x 22 + y 2 = z 22

dz dz
x1 (VA + VB) = Z1 dt1 & x2 (VC + VB) = z2 dt
x1 x2
x1 (VA + VB) = z2 (VC + VB)

T ' = mg

& cos θ1 (VA + VB) = cos θ 2 (VC + VB)

T ' sin α + mg sin α = T = m'g
m' = ] M + mg sin α
(V + V ) cos θ1
VC = A cosB θ
- VB

2
16. T = 10 (10 + 1 - 0.5 cos 60c)
10. a S
i - 2 (a + b)Uj
T = 10 (10.75)

3 T = 107.5N
11. a A = 2 aB .....(1)
17. T = 5N

F - 2T = 2m.a A .....(2)

10g sin 30c - 5 = 10a

& 3T = 4m.aB .....(3)
2

& a = 4.5 m/s
F = 2. a 3 maB k + 2m ` 2 j aB
4 3

18. on 5 kg Fnet = 0 & a = 0
8
F
& = 3 maB + 3maB

Spring force doesn’t change instantaneously.
3F
a
& B = 17m
19. N1
N2
12. a A = 2.5m/s 2
N3 N1
aB = 5m/s 2
mg

T = 2 (15) = 30N
From FBD

N3 = Mg + N1 cos θ .....(1)
F - 2T = 6 # ` 2 j
5


N1 cos θ = mg .....(2)

F = 60 + 15 = 75N

N1 sin θ = N2 .....(3)
g
13. TB = m (g + )
N1 sin θ = F .....(4)
2
g

TC = m (g - )
From (1), (2), (3), (4) we get required condition
2
TB 3

TC = 1
4.18 Physics
20.
For maximum acceleration

T + N - ^mg h = ma

amG = a 2 + a 2 - 2a 2 cos a

T - ^ N + Mg h = Ma

= 2a sin α/2
2T - ] M + mgg = ] M + mga

21. 2V1 = V2 + VP
300 - 200 = 20 a

- 2a1 = a2 + aP
a = 5 m/s 2

25. Both men have different masses and same tension

force acting on them, therefore they can’t have same
22. N1 = mg cos 37c + ma sin 37c acceleration. (c) is incorrect.

N2 = mg cos 37c - ma sin 37c 26. aB = 4a A T = 10aB .....(1)

N3 = m ^ g + ah cos 37c g
40 - 4T = 40a A .....(2)

N4 = m ^ g - ah cos 37c
From (1) & (2)

Similarly for acceleration
40g = 4 (10 # 4a A) + 40a A

b1 = g sin 37c - a cos 37c
& 400 = 200a A

b2 = g sin 37c + a cos 37c & a A = 2m/s 2

b3 = ^ g + ah sin 37c
TB = 80N

b4 = ^ g - ah sin 37c 27.

23.

T = m1 g

when thread is burnt, tension in spring remains
same = m1 g

Force on pulley = T 2
(m1 –m2)

m1 g–m2 g = m2 a m2 g = a = upwards
24.

For going downward slowly a = 0

mg = T + N

N + Mg = T

] M + mgg = 2T for m1 a=0

T = 100N

Therefore (d) is wrong and (c) is correct

28. F = 2 T cos θ
Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.19
F x-direction. Downward acceleration of A and B will
T = 2 cos θ
be equal due to constrain, thus w.r.t. B, A moves in
positive x-direction.

θ - cos θ . T -

On increasing θ , cos θ decreases and hence T
increases.

Due to the component of normal exerted by C on B,
29. T = mgeff = weff it moves in negative x-direction.

= 5 ]10 + 2g 31. F.B.D. of block B w.r.t. wedge

= 60 N
= 6 kg f

30. There is no horizontal force on block A, therefore it

does not move in x-direction, whereas there is net
downward force (mg–N) is acting on it, making its
acceleration along negative y-direction.

Block B moves downward as well as in negative


for block A

N cos 45º = 1.7a .....(i)
differentiating both side

for block B
aB = 0 + a A

0.6g sin 45º + 0.6a cos 45º = 0.6b .....(ii) 33. Contact force between the blocks will be zero for
all values of m A and mB . Normal force exerted by

N + 0.6 a cos 45º = 0.6 g cos 45º ....(iii) wedge = mg cos θ

by solving (i), (ii) & (iii)
It would be equal if m A = mB
3g 23g

a = 20 and b= 34. N cos 37c = mg A B
20 2
N

Now vertical componentof acceleration of F
37°
23g N

B = b cos 45º = 40
& F = N sin 37c mg

and horizontal component of acceleration of F 3

& mg = Tan37c & F = 4 mg
17g

B = b sin 45º–a = 40 F 3 mg = 5
35. N = sin 37c = 4 4 mg
a3 5 k
32.

Ng = mg + N cos 37c

4

Ng = mg + F cot 37c = mg + F 3

by string constraint 36. y = x tan 37c

v A + u–vB = 0 aB = a A 3
(-)
4

or vB = u + v A
4.20 Physics
37-38 48. Let Fmax is maximum force that can be applied on M
so that both the blocks move together.

Insect will move with acceleration
a1 ( = acceleration of m2 ) relative to ground Fmax

a =
m+M
m -m mg
a1 = d m1 + m2 n g use
m1 = g +2 a
a # ng (max acceleration of
1 2

upper block)
39-42
Fmax

T = (MC + m A) ac .....(1)
" aC
& # ng
m+M

m A g - T = m A a .....(2)
.a
1

T = mB a - mB aC .....(3)
& 2t # ]m + M g g
2
43. FBD of Block in ground frame :
& t # 4g

applying N.L. 150 + 450–10M = 5M
` x = 4

600 49. 90°

N2
& 15M = 600
& M = 15 N1

& M = 40 Kg 150° 120°

44. If lift is stopped & equilibrium is reached then mg

T = 450 N 450 + N = 400 N1 2g

sin 120c = sin 90c
N

& N =- 50
& 1c m

So block will lose the contact with 2 = 1
N g & N1 = 5
weighing machine thus reading of 3 3
Mg = 400 M
weighing machine will be zero. mg
50. N sin 60c = 2 N

T T = 40 g
mg

So reading of spring balance will
& N = 5
40 g be 40 Kg.
Tmax
2gh ` n j
n-1
51. t = where n = mg
45. T = 450 N

2 # 10 # 10 ` 2 j = 10 sec
N = 400 N 950 - 400 2-1
a= 40
t=
a
40 Kg
450 45
& a = 40 = 4 m/s 2 Ans 52. Let F1 & F2 are force required to move the block
Mg = 400 N upwards and downwards along the inclined plane
respectively.
46. Let plank moves distance x upwards. Length of

F1 = mg sin i + nmg cos i
string, passing through hands of B, loosened by 3x.

F2 = mg sin i - nmg cos i

Length of rope passing through “B” = 3x

F1 = 3F2

Length of rope passing through “A” = 4x
mg sin i + nmg cos i = 3 ^mg sin i - nmg cos i h


as A itself moves distance x upwards.

& 4nmg cos i = 2mg sin i
x
` =4

& tan i = 2n
47. (T + 450) - 1000 = 100a .....(1) 1

& n =
& T - ]450 + 250g = 25a .....(2)
2


` N = 10n = 5
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.21
53.
t # mg
 B
53
t # 20 sec .
mg sin 37 cos53
mg sin 37 mg 37 55. Before spring 2 is cut TAB = 3 mg

After spring 2 is cut, TAB = 3mg

Along the groove, mg sin i cos a - f1 - f2 = ma . f1
is frictional force exerted by top bottom surface and
During T # 20 sec, N' = 0 and acceleration both
blocks remains to be zero.
f2 is frictional force exerted by side walls.

t.20 sec,

N1 = mg cos i, N2 = mg sin i sin a

System starts moving forward with an acceleration
mg sin ]37cg cos 53c - nmg cos ]37cg
‘a’

- nmg sin 37c sin 53c = ma F cos 45c - fmax

where a =
3 3 4 3 4 ^ m A + mB h

& a = g $ - ]0.1g g - ]0.1g g $
t - ^m A g + t h
5 5 5 5 5 1
2
g 9 1.2
=
= d - 0.4 - n 5


5 5 5 t - mA g
= 2 ]1.16g

=

10

at t = 40 sec, a = 2 m/ sec 2

Along the groove body moves with constant
acceleration.
at t - 60 sec, a = 4 m/ sec 2
1

2 ]1.6g t 2 = 1.6
2

& t = 1 sec .

54. 2t
F
45
B
A

F.B.D. of block “A”
N
Before string between pulley & C is cut
N1

TAB = 3mg, TCD = 4mg
F cos 45
f

After string between pulley & C is cut
mg F sin 45
TAB = 0

N = mg + F sin 45c

= mg + t 6mg 3
a = 4m = 2 g

TCD + 2mg = 2m b 2 g l

fmax = nN 3


1

mg = ^ + th
TCD = 4 mg
2

N' is zero, till F cos 45c # fmax
1

t # ^mg + t h
2
4.22 Physics

1. Here, v = K _ yi + xj i
That for B
^ ^ ^

1

a2 = g sin 30c. sin 30c = g 4

dx ^ dy ^ _ ^ ^i
dt i + dt j = K yi + xj
` ^a AB h= = 4 - 4 = 2 = 4.9 m/s
3g g g 2

dx dy
dt = Ky and dt = Kx
6.
dy dy/dt Kx
dx = dx/dt = Ky F

asystem = M + m

ydy = xdx

FBD of m

Integrating both sides

# =
ydy # xdx or y = x + constant
2 2
mF

T = masystem = M + m
2. At equilibrium
7.
mg

T cos i = mg; T =
cos i
mg

F = T sin i = # sin i
cos i
10 # 10
= cos 45° # sin 45°

At position B & C

= 100N
2 2

V = u - 2gs
3. F = ma = F0 e -bt
0 = u 2 - 2gs

v t
F u 2 = 40

#
dv = m0 #e -bt
dt
F - mg
= b F0- 2l
0 0

acceleration = m .2
F -bt t
v = m0 ; e E
and V B2 = u A2 + 2as

-b 0

F ] F - 2g
v = mb0 ^1 - e -bt h

40 = 0 + 2 # 0.2 # 0.2


F = 20 + 2 = 22 N
4. l A = 5 , lB = b 35l l
2l
8.

Kl = K A l A = KB lB

Kl = K A b 25l l

5K 5K

K A = 2 & KB = 3

5. Vertical component of acceleration of A

a1 = ^ g sin θh . sin θ

For block to be stationary

ma cos α = mg sin α

= g sin 60c. sin 60c = g. 34
a = g tan α
 Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.23
9. FBD of m1 and m2

T' + mal = mg

T' = m ^ g - a h = 40 - 5 # 5 = 24N

m1 g - T = m1 a .....(i) 11.

T - m2 g = m2 a .....(ii)
Acceleration of system
^m1 - m2 h ]5 - 4.8g P
a = m +m g = ] +
g
asystem = M + m
1 2 5 4.8

= 0.29.84.8 = 0.2 m/s 2

#

FBD
Ans. 0.2 m/s 2
MP

T = Masystem = M + m
10.
12.

T = mg

= 49 N

49
T1 = T2

& m = 9.8 = 5 kg.

When
Since springs are massless

alift = 5m/s 2 .

T1 = T2 = mg

FBD then,
Ans. M kg.

a

& g = tan θ
1.
a dy

& g = dx

& dx ^kx 2h = g
d a

a

& x = 2gk = D
ma cos θ = mg cos ]90 - θg

4.24 Physics
2. F = 2T sin θ

T cos θ

a= m

F cos θ F x

a = 2m sin θ = 2m
a - x2
2

3. After string is cut, FBD of m

mg

a= m =g.

FBD of 2m (when string is cut tension in the

spring takes finite time to become zero. How ever
tension in the string immediately become zero.)
3mg
3mg - 2mg g
2m a= 2m = 2 -

2mg

4. 2mg cos θ = 2 mg

1 =

cos θ = cos 45c & θ = 45c
2