Kinematics 3.

Kinematics
INTEXT EXERCISE: 1
Total displacement V1 + V2
1. Vavg = Total time =0 6. Vav = 2
displacement 25 = Vf + Vi 13 + 1
2. V av = 5 m/s. 7. Vav = 2 = 2 = 7 m/s
time = 75
15
3 1 1 1 8. If acceleration is zero & Velocity is constant
3. V = V + V + V
av 1 2 3
D T T 2D
9. Vav = D 2# 2 +6# 2 = 3
12 + T
D
4. & Vavg = = 4 m/s.
D D
+
12 6
10. If particle goes back to its starting position,
x = 4R 2 + ]≠Rg2 = R 4 + ≠ 2
∆x = 0 and V av = 0
D T T D
5. Vav = D also 4.5 2 + 7.5 2 = 2
2 T
3 +

INTEXT EXERCISE: 2

1. x = 2t 2 - 2, acceleration = 4 m/s 2
7.
s1 = 2 a1 ^2 ]5 g - 1h
1
2. For first body

second body s2 = 2 a2 ^2 ]3 g - 1h
1 V 2 = u 2 + 2ad


d
s1 = 2 a ]10g2
1 V12 = u 2 + 2a 2
3.

s1 + s2 = 2 a ]20g2
1 Multiply the second equation by 2 and subtract

Taking ratio 8. 3t = 3x + 6 ]t > 2g

s +s
x = 3 ]t - 2g2

1 s 2 = 4 & s2 = 3s1
1

v = dt = 6 ]t - 2g = 0 at t = 2s
1 dx
4. 2 at 2 = vt

1
5. s = 2 kt 2 ]acceleration : k g
at t = 2s , x = 0

6. x ]t = 0g = 1m
1 1
9. s = 2 a1 t12 = 2 a2 t22

x b t = 2 l = 1 + 2 - 4 = 4 m ^velocity = 0 h
1 1 1 5
a2 t2 + v0 = a1 t1

x ]t = 2g = 1 + 2 - 4 =- 1

t1 = t2 - t0

s5 = u + 2 a ^2 ]5 g - 1h
1

Total distance = b 54 - 1 l + b 54 + 1 l 10.

= 2.5 m
3.2 Physics
INTEXT EXERCISE: 3

2h h
2
2vg = g + 9g
2
1. t = g + v v : velocity of sound
2. Distance it has fallen in total 4s
v = 5g = 2gh

h = 125m
h = 2 g ]2g2 # 2 = 40m
1

3. Total distance travelled when they cross is 100 m

b 1 gt 2 l + b50t - 1 gt 2 l = 100 m
2 2
4. Displacement 8.

= ut + 12 gt 2 = 12 ]10g + 12 # ]9.8g # 10 2

= 610 m
V2 V 1
5. Xup = 20g in the first g0 seconds
V1 = 2 2gxh V1 : velocity of B at the

instant of Collision
V
In next 3g0 seconds it falls 2 g d 0 n
1 V 2
V12 = v 2 - 2g ]1 - xg H

3g
V2 V2 2Hx = H =

Total distance = 20g + 180g
Also g v time of collision
1 2
6. 2 gt 2 - 2 g ]t - 1g2 = 10m
1 1 9. S1 = 2 gt

S1 + S2 = 2 g ]2t g2
1
7. Let final speed be v, during the last second

10. 40t - 2 gt 2 = 40 ]t - 2g - 2 g ]t - 2g2

1 1
v 2 = ^v - g h + 2g b 2 g ]3 g2 l


2 1

INTEXT EXERCISE: 4

6. Differentiating with respect to time

1. V = # adt = t3 + t 2 + 2t + c

(at t = 0, V = 2m/s) = 2ax dx
1
dx
dt + b dt
dx
V = dt

dy 1
2. V = dt = b + 2ct + 4dt3
V = 2ax + b

dv dv 1 # 2a dx =- 2av3
]2ax + bg2
a = dt = 2c - 12dt 2

a = dt =- dt
ds ds
3. V = dt = 3t 2 - 12t + 2 7. V = dt = 12 + 6t - 6t 2

dv 8. x = at 2 - bt 2

a = dt = 6t - 12 = 0 at t = 2s

4. z = ax3 + by 2 d2 x

a = 2 = 2a - 6bt = 0
dt
dz 2 dx dy d 2 x =-

V = dt = 3ax dt + 2by dt 9. a = a cost
dt 2
= _3ax 2 + 2by i c 10. V = 3x 2 - 2x

a = dt = ]6ax + 2bgc 2
dv
a = dt = ]6x - 2g dt = ]6x - 2gv

dv dx

ds
5. V = dt = 2Nt3
 Kinematics 3.3
INTEXT EXERCISE: 5
1. x-t graph is a straight line at an angle to time axis 7. v 2 = 2as
in case of uniform velocity and acceleation must be
zero. 8.
2. v-t graph is a straight line at an angle to t-axis in case
of uniformlly accelerated motion.
3. area under v-t graph represents displacement.
4. object changes direction of motion at t = 110 s
so maximum height = displacement upto 110 s 9. Maximum acceleration = max slope
= 2 ]1000g # 110
1
= slope of CD

= 55 km = 40 km/h

0.25 h
5. Constant velocity upto t = t1 and then the object

= 160 km/h 2
stops.
6. Displacement = area under v - t graph 10. Speed decreases linearly to zero and then increasing
= 4#2-2#2+2#2 linearly in downward journey
= 10m
Distance = 4 # 2 + - 2 # 2 + 2 # 2 = 16m

INTEXT EXERCISE: 6
dx 1
1. Vx = dt = 2at
sin 2θ = 250
dy
Required height = 100 tan θ
Vy = dt = 2bt
7. In two cases the angle of projections are θ & 90 - θ
2 2

V = V +V 2u sin θ # 2u cos θ
x y t1 t 2 = g g ?R
d2 x = 8. There is no acceleration in horizontal direction.
2. ax = 2 8 m/s 2
dt
2
9. Vx = 10
d y
ay = 2 = 0
Vy = gt
dt
Vy gt
u sin 2θ = d u 2 sin 2 θ n
2
3. g 2 tan 45c = 1 = V = 10
x
2g
& tan θ = 2 1 x2
10. y = x tan θ - 2 g 2
u cos 2 θ
dx u
2
4. Vx = dt = 6 m/s 11. h = 2g
dy 2
Vy = dt = 8 - 10 t
max distance = max Range = ug = 2h
Initial velocity = 6 2 + 8 2 = 10 m/s 2u sin θ
12. Time of flight = 4s = g & u sin θ = 20 m/s.
5. comparing with the standard eqn. u sin θ - g ]1 g
After 1s tan 45c =1= u cos θ
1 x2

y = x tan θ - 2 g 2
u cos 2 θ

tan θ = 3 13. cot ]α - 30cg = 2 tan 30c
-

6.
In total time of flight component of velocity along
the inclined plane becomes zero.
14. Vy = u y = 20 sin 30c
u 2 sin 2θ

2 = 100 m

(y component remains same)
3.4 Physics
INTEXT EXERCISE: 7
2l
1. t = V 0 = ]80g2 + 2 ]- 2ag]2000g
rel
a = 0.8 m/s 2
^l1 + l2 h 5 4
2. t = V 7. V + 30 = 60
rel
l 160
8. V + V = 4 V1 = 3V2
3. t = V
rel 1 2

4. V1 - V2 = 4 m/s 9. From the frame of log, the steamer takes 2h to cross

V1 + V2 = 6 m/s the log again. Log has travelled 6km in this time

5. Relative to bus 6
Vriver = 2 = 3 km/h
10. 0 = u 2 - 2 ]2g 9 & u = 6 m/s
2 2

V = u + 2as , u = 10 m/s
6. Relative to one of the trains (acceleration :a) u
t = a = 3s
V 2 = u 2 + 2as

INTEXT EXERCISE: 8
1. VBW = V B - VW
5.
2.

Relative to train the coin must have an acceleration
in opposite direction.
6. For no drift Vboat > Vriver

V C = V CA + V A
7.

= V CA + V AB + V B
3.

drift = 2 = b v - u2 lb u cos 30c l

tan α = 3 d d

8.
4. Velocity of one relative to other

9.

10.
20

V12 = along x axis
3

Both strike the ground at same time so maximum

x = vt
distance
1

= V12 # T
y = 2 at 2

= 23.1 m
Path will be parabolic
 Kinematics 3.5

EXERCISE - 1

1. Dimension of hall, length of any side = 10m = a 8. I method - Let downward direction is taken as +ve.
(say) Initial vel is - ve= - u (say)
2 2

Magnitude of displacement = Length of diagonal
` From equation; v - u = 2as we get
= a 3 = 10 3 m ]3ug2 - ]- ug2 = 2gh
2. Suppose AB = x km 4u 2

& h = g
Total distance covered

Average speed = total time taken 9. u = 0, acceleration = a
x
= x/2 x/2 = 1 1 1
t = n sec ,

20 + 30 40 + 60
the velocity after n seconds is
= 40
# 60 -1
60 + 40 = 24 km/h = 24 kmh
V = u + at
]4 - 1g S
i + ]2 + 2gUj + ]3 + 3gV V = 0 + a ]ng
3. vU =
k
2 2 2
3 +4 +0
V = an
3S i + 4Uj m
v= v U v = 10 c = 6S
i + 8Uj
V
a= n ..... (i)
5
20 # 3 + 4 # 20 + 5 # 20 =
The displacement of the body in the last two seconds
4. Avg. velocity = 20 + 20 + 20 4 m/s.
:S = ut + 1 at 2 = 1 at 2D
5. vi = 2Si 2 2
v f = 4 cos 60c S
i + 4 sin 60cUj

S2 = Sn - Sn - 2

= 12 an 2 - 12 a ]n - 2g2 = 12 a 6n 2 - ]n - 2g2@

= 24 Si + 2 Uj
4 3


= 12 a 6n 2 - n 2 - 4 + 4 n@

= 2Si + 2 Uj
4 3

S2 = 2a ]n - 1g


= 2Si + 2 3 Uj 2V ]n - 1g

From equation (i) S2 =
∆v = v f = v i = 2 S
i + 2 3 Uj - 2 S
i = 2 3 Uj
n

10. u = 0, let acceleration = a
2 3 Uj
G a H= 2 = 3 Uj m/s 2
Total time t = 30 s
6. Let x be the length of whole journey
X1 = distance travelled in the first 10 s
1
Using, S = ut + 2 at 2 , we get

X1 = 0 + 2 a ]10g2, i.e. X1 = 50 a
1


Total displacement
Similarly,

Average velocity = Total time taken

X2 = Distance travelled in the next 10 s
= x/3 xx/3 x/3 = 1 11 1

So, X2 = ]0 + 10ag 10 + 2 a ]10g2
1

2 + 3 + 6 6 + 9 + 18
= 3 +18
2 + 1 = 3 m/s

or, X2 = 150 a
Total distance 2πr
and, X3 = distance travelled in the last 10 s
7. Average speed = Total time taken = 62.8
So, X3 = ]10 a + 10 ag 10 + 2 a ]10g2
1

2 # 3.14 # 100

= 62.8 = 10 m/s.
or, X3 = 200a + 50a
Total displacement
or X3 = 250 a

Average velocity = Total time taken

Hence X1: X2: X3 = 50a: 150a: 250a

= 620.8 = zero
= 1: 3: 5
3.6 Physics
11. Let x be the distance of the top 16. It happens when in this time interval velocity
of window from the top of becomes zero in vertical motion
building and t be the time u
taken by the ball from the top & g = 5 & u = 5 # 9.8 = 49 m/s
of building to the top of 17. since we have no information about magnitude of
window. initial velocity and acceleration so we can’t find

(i) Since, acceleration is relation between x A and xB .
constant = g 18. Initial velocity = u , acceleration = f = at
u+v dv =

So, S = 2 t f = at dt at dv = at dt

(across the window)
Integrating both sides
vT + vB vT + vB v t

3= 2 t & 3 = 2 0.5 at 2

& # dv = # at dt & v-u = 2

So, vT + vB = 12 m/ sec u 0 2
at
12. After the release of stone from the & v = u+ 2
+ + ] t g l b 2 + 2 + 2] t g l
19. ∆x = b 4 4 2 1
elevator going up with an
t= 2 t
acceleration a , stone will move
freely under gravity ^ g h , hence the 20. If final speed is v , speed 2 seconds ago would be
acceleration of the stone will be g v - g ]2 g
towards downwards.

v 2 = ]v - 20g2 + 2 ]10g]60g
13. Suppose, t1 = time taken by stone
to reach the level of water.
solving v = 40 m/s = 2gH
t2 = time taken by sound to reach
H = 80 m

21. ∆x1 = 2 ]1 g - 2 ]2g]1 g2 = 1

the top of well 1

so, T = t1 + t2
∆x2 =- 2 ]2g]2g2 =- 4
1


For t1 , u = 0
Total distance = Dx1 + Dx2 = 5m
1 1 2h
h = ut + 2 gt 2
h = 0 + 2 gt12 t1 = g 5

Vav = 3 m/s

For t2 : As the velocity of sound is constant
22. t1 & t2 are the instants when it crosses the tower.
h

h = Vt2 & t2 = V

t2 - t1 = 6
2h h

Therefore, T = g +V
t2 + t1 = 12
14. From the equation, 2h

also t1 t2 = g h = 135 m
2 2
V = u + 2gh dx
23. Velocity = dt = tan θ = Slope of displacement time
V12 = 0 + 2ga

V12 = 2ga ..... (i) graph and it is same for both A and B
V22 = 2gb ..... (ii)

From the equations (i) and (ii)
24.
V 2 2ga a V a

we get 12 = 2gb = b i.e. V1 =
V2 2 b
t=T
After time t0 slope become zero so particle comes at
rest after t0 time.
h = H - 2 g ]t - T g2
t=t
H 1
15.
h
0 to t0 time graph has constant slope it means
velocity is constant.
t=0
 Kinematics 3.7
25. the slope of position-time ( x - t ) graph at any point 33. Vt = 3 - Vt = 0 = area under
shows the instantaneous velocity at that point.

a - t curve

The slope of given x - t
graph at different point can
` Vt = 3 = 10.5 m/s.
be shown as 1
34. Area of graph, s = 2 # v0 .T

Obviously the slope is
negative at the point E s v
average velocity = T = 20
as the angle made by
tangent with +ve X - axis 2
is obtuse, hence the instantaneous velocity of the 35. From the graph, we get v = 20 - 3 s .
particle is negative at the point E

On differentiating w.r. to 't' we get
V tan θ tan 30c
26. VA = tan θ A = tan 60c dv 2 ds 2
B B
α = dt =- 3 dt =- 3 .v.
1 1
= =3
3# 3 =- 32 b 20 - 32 s l

27. Displacement = 2 54 + 2? # 4 - 2 54 + 3? # 2
1 1
at s = 15m, a =- 3 :20 - 2 3 15 D =- 3 m/s 2
2 # 20

= 12 - 7 = 5 m

Distance = 12 + 7 = 19 m 36. Average velocity is equal to instantaneous velocity
when their slopes of equal. The time of which the
28. Two values of velocity (at the same instant) is not slopes are equal is 3 sec.
possible.
37. Displacement = area under v-t graph
29. Initially velocity increases downwards (negative)
= 8 - 4 + 8 = 12 m
and after rebound it becomes positive and then speed
is decreasing due to acceleration of gravity ^. h
Distance travelled = sum of areas

= 8 + 4 + 8 = 20m
30. Speed time graph will be a straight line due to
constant acceleration. 38. The train posses maximum velocity before it retards.

` vmax = 2 # 5 58 + 4? = 30 m/s
1

1 2
31. 39. Dx = u∅t + 2 a ∅t

= 100 # 2 + 12 ]- 10g # 2 2

= 200 - 20

The distance travelled by the particle in 4s.

= 180 m

= Sum of areas under V-t graph
dv
= 2 # 1 # 20 + 1 # 20 + 2 ]20 + 10g # 1 + 1 # 10
1 1 40. For v = 0, x = 1, 4 and a = v dx


= 55 m so a
x=1 = 0 # dv
dx = 0; a x=4 = 0 # dv
dx = 0
32. u = 0, a = Constant = k ]let g 41. the displacement of a body is given as 2s = gt 2

From equation of motion;

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. 't'
V 2 = u 2 + 2as

V 2 ]0 g2 + 2ks
ds

& s dt = 2gt & 2 V = 2gt V = gt
V 2 = 2 ks
dx 2a
42. dt = 2at - 3bt 2 = 0 t = 3b

This equation shows a
Position = a b 3b l - b b 3b l =
parabola with S-axis. Hence, its graph can be shown 2a 2 2a 3 4a 3
2
as 27b
3.8 Physics
v t vy
dv =- 50. tan 45c = v
43. # v3
kdt# x
v0 0
& v y = vx = 18 m/s.
1 d 12 - 12 n =
2 v v0 kt
v0

v= 2
2v0 kt + 1
dx
44. V = dt = α x
x t
dx = 51. 8 2 cos θ = 8 θ = 45c

# x
#α dt
2
= ug = 12.8 m
0 0

Range

2 x =αt
u sin 2 ]15cg
2

α
2
52. g = 1.5 km

x = 4 t2
u2 =
45. V = u + at g 3 km

Vy = reduced the increases

& V = reduced then increase ( a Vx is constant)

& Speed first reduced than increases. So (a) is 53. tan θ = 2

not correct. 2
1 gx

y = x tan θ - 2 2
1 m vx
KE = 2 m V 2 = 2 (speed) 2 & (b) is not correct


Vy = changes & (c) is not correct V + u = v cos θ S
i + v cos θ S
i + v sin θUj
54. Vav = 2 2

Vx = constt. since gravity is vertically down
55. V cos 30c = 10 cos 60c

& no component of acceleration along the horizontal 10
V= m/s
direction. & (d) is correct. 3
46. Gravitational acceleration is constant near the 56. 0 = u - g sin 30ct
surface of the earth.
2u
47. In projectile motion Horizontal acceleration ax = 0
t= g
and Vertical acceleration ay = g = 10m/s2
57. Vy2 = u y2 + 2g∆y

ax = 0
4 = u y2 - 2 # 10 # 0.4


a y = 10 (down)

u y = 12 = 2 3

& only (c) is correct
48. At maximum height v = u cos θ 2 3 1

6 = 3 tan θ =
u = u 1
2 v & 2 = u cos θ & cos θ = 2 & θ = 60c
θ = 30c
u 2 sin 2θ = u sin ]120cg
2

R = 58. u = 10 3 m/s.
g g
2
Time of flight on the incline plane
u 2 cos 30c = 3 u

= g 2g 2u sin α

T = g cos β
49. u x = 6 S
i + 8Uj
u x = 6S

Given α = 30c & β = 30c & u = 10 3 m/s.
i
u y = 8Uj

T=
2 # 10 3 sin 30c
10 cos 30c
2ux u y 2 # 6 # 8

R= g = 10 = 9.6
so T = 2 sec .
 Kinematics 3.9
u
2 B
in
e υ 2 = a2 ^t - t0 h = tan θ 2 t - tan θ 2 t0

59. OB= 2g =- 5m cl
In

υ r = υ1 - υ 2
AB = OB sin 37c = 3m A
= ^tan θ1 - tan θ 2 ht - t0 ^tan θ1 - tan θ 2 h
37º
53º
O

So vr continuously increases
2u sin 30c
60. t = g cos 30c = 0.2 s
67. Initial relative velocity
ur = 50 - ]- 50g = 100
61. υ1 = slope of C1 line = constant


υ 2 = slope of C2 line = constant
ar = 20 - ]20g = 0


υ1 - υ 2 ! 0 but constant
  1
sr = υ r t + 2 ar t 2

VA VB
62. A B
100 = 100 t t = 1 hr

s A = 50 ]1 g + 2 ]20g]1 g2
1

In opposite direction = 60 km

V AB = V A + V B
68. W E V A =- 500 S
i & VGA + V A = VGA

9 = VA + VB ..... (1)

VGA = 1500 S
i & 1500 S
i - 500 S
i = 1000 S
i

In same direction-
69. V12 = V1 - V2

V AB = V A - V B .....(2)
V12 = V12 + V 22 + 2V1 V2

From equation (1) & (2)

If cos θ =- 1
V A = 5 m/s
V B = 4 m/s V12 max = V12 + V 22 + 2V1 V2
= ^V1 + V2 h
S 1000
63. Vrel = trel = 100 = 10 m/s. V12 max

V ` S - VB = 10
So V12 is maximum when cos θ =- 1 and θ = π

& VS = 10 + VB = 10 + 10 = 20 m/s.
64. υ1 = 50 - gT υ 2 =- 50 - gT
70.

vt = υ1 - υ 2 = 100 m/ sec .
V1 = 10S
i
65.
V 2 = v sin 30 S
i + v cos 30Uj +
υ 3U
2 j

V PT = V P - V T = 10 - 9 = 1 m/s.
V 2 - V1 = b 2 - 10 l S
i + 2 Uj = 2 Uj
υ υ 3 υ 3
100 100
So time taken t = = 1 = 100 sec.
V PT υ- =
66. Slope of υ - t graph = acceleration 2 10 0 or υ = 20

71.

V r = 50 _-Uj i - 50 S
i = 50 _- S
i -Uj i
υ1 = a1 ^t - t0 h = tan θ1 t - tan θ1 t0


i.e., in south west
3.10 Physics
72. V1 = S
i + 3 Uj tan θ1 = 3 i.e. θ1 = 60 79. Vb = 5 2 - 4 2 = 3 m/s
V2 = 2S
i + 2Uj tan θ 2 = 1 i.e. θ 2 = 45c

θ1 - θ 2 = 15c 480

t = 3 = 160 s
73. V r = υ y j
80. The resultant velocity should be in the direction of
υ m = 5S
i resultant displacement

V r - V m = ]- 5g S
i + υ yUj B
υy vr=5

tan θ = 1 = 5
60m

so υ y = 5 km/hr vmr vm

74. vmG = ^vrm h - ^vrG h = ]20g2 + ]10g2

2 2

A

= 10 3 m/s
60

So time = 2 2
= 5 a Vrm = 13 m/s
v -5
20 m
= 81.
v rm
1km
vrG = 10
-VmG=10 3 m/s
vBR
q vBRcosq
V R
M
vBRsinq vR
VR= 3km/h
75.
s = ut
VM= 4km/h

1 = vBR cos θ t
2 2 2 2

VRH = V + V = 3 + 4 = 5 km/h
R M
1

1 = 5 cos θ 4

4

cos θ = 5 & θ = 37c
76. 3

VR = VBR sin 37c = 5 # 5 = 3 km/hr

82. For shortest time then maximum velocity is in the

direction of displacement.

83. Vboat, river = 9 km/h

77. 4 sin 30c = v
Vriver, ground = 12 km/h
Vboat, ground = _12 S
i + 9Uj i km/hr
Vboat, ground = 12 2 + 9 2 = 15 km/hr.
d
78. tSP = V sin θ ..... (1)
MR

..... ]2g
d VR

tST = V
MR

d
 84. sin θ =
1
θ = 45c
VMR 2
tST VMR q(
tSP = d = sin θ
VMR sin θ
 Kinematics 3.11
85. For no drift
V sin θ = υ
Vsinq υ

sin θ = V t = t AB + tBA
V V Vsinq
q 2, 2,
q
t = V cos θ =
A Vcosq Vcosq B υ2
V 1- 2
2, V
υ
t=
V - υ2
2
wind

EXERCISE - 2

Displacement u = 0, h = 320 m, g = 10 m/s 2

1. Average velocity = Time taken
1
Distance From equation h = ut + 2 gt 2

& Average speed = Time taken
i.e. ]t + 5g2 = 64 or t + 5 = 8

Distance can be equal to or greater than displacement
magnitude.
or t = 3 sec

for motion of superman

If particle has some speed during the interval its
average speed cannot be zero. Let initial velocity u = V, h = 320 m, g = 10 m/s 2

1
Hence, (c) is incorrect. from equation h = ut + 2 gt 2

320 = V ]3 g + 2 ]10g]3 g3 ,

When speed is not zero in an interval, particle covers 1

i.e.
some distance, but displacement can be zero.

i.e. 320 = 3V + 45

So, average velocity can be zero in that interval but
275
average speed will never be zero. or 3V = 320 - 45, or V = 3 m/s

Hence, (d) is incorrect. 4. In the above problem, if height of the
skyscraper is such that student covers the
2. It is angle between extended line AP presenting
full height within 5 sec then superman will
directionof average velocity and BC , representing
be unable to sve him.
direction of instantaneous velocity, at P
u = 0, t = 5 sec, g = 10 m/s 2
(in mt) y 1
A Hence from equation h = ut + 2 gt 2
4
or h = 0 + 2 ]10g]5 g2, i.e., h = 125 m
1
3
2 C 5. u = 40 m/s. g = 10 m/s 2
1 P
Let t be time taken by
(4,1)
q B 45º the first ball to reach the
x (in mt)
1 2 3 4 highest point.

4
V = u - gt

tan θ = 3 = 53c 0 = 40 - 10t
t = 4s
180c - ]53c + 45cg = 82c


After reaching the first ball at the highest point now
3. Let t be the time taken by the both the balls will collide after 1 sec cover equal
superman to reach the student for distances in opposite directions during 1 sec.
saving the students life just
Therefore, the height of collision point
before reaching the ground.
= Height gained by the second ball in 3 sec.
Hence, the time taken by the
student to reach the ground = ]3 g - 12 ]10g]3 g2
40
= ]t + 5g s 120
= - 45

For motion of student
= 75 m
3.12 Physics
A V The distance of the second drop from the ground.
6.
= 5 - x = 5 - 1.25 = 3.75 = 15
4 m
B
9. Let a be the retardation produced by resistive force.
ta and td be the time of ascent and time of descent

For AB respectively.
1
s = ut + 2 at 2

If the particle rises upto a height h
g 1 ^ g - ah 2
then h = 2 ^ g + a h ta2 and h =
- h = vt - 2 t 2
1
2 td
g 2 t g-a
10 - 2 2
2 t - vt - h = 0 ` ta = g + a = 10 + 2 = 3
g d
v! v2 + 4 # 2 # h

t= 10. u = 48 m/ sec a =- 10 m/s 2 so by v = u + at
g 0 = 48 - 10t so, t = 4.8 s
2# 2

[as time cannot be negative so we neglect it. ` we
This means that the particle comes to rest at t = 4.8 s
neglect] and turns back covering some distance backwards
for rest of the motion.
2gh
` t = g <1 + 1 + 2 F
v

for the forward journey distance travelled in last
v
1 0.8 second before stopping and returning will be
]s4.8 - s4g where, s4.8 and s4 are distances travelled
2
7. As s = ut + 2 at
10 m/s in 4.8 seconds and 4 seconds respectively.
A
1
s4.8 = 48 # 4.8 + 2 # 4.8 2 = 48 # 2.4

H
t = 11 sec
1
B s4 = 48 # 4 + 2 # - 10 # 4 2 = 16 # 7

- H = 10 # 11 - 5 # ]11g2
^ s4.8 - s4 h = ]48 # 2.4g - ]16 # 7g


- H = 110 - 605

Distance travelled 0.2 s during backward journey

H = 495 m
= s0.2 = 12 # 10 # 0.2 2 = 0.2 m
8.

So, total distance travelled
= ]48 # 2.4g - ]16 # 7g + 0.2 = 17

5 m
11. Distance travelled by each particle in last second
of motion i.e. downwards is equal to the distance
travelled by it in first second of its motion i.e.
upwards.

Let t be the time interval between two successive 1
drops. For the first drop.
So, x1 = 10 - 2 # 10 # 1 2 = 5m
1 1
From equation, h = ut + 2 gt 2

x2 = 20 - 2 # 10 # 1 2 = 15m

5 = 0 + 2 g ]2t g2 & 5 = 2 g ]2t g2

1 1 1
..... (i)
x3 = 30 - 2 # 10 # 1 2 = 25m

For the second drop
so, x1: x2 x3 = 1: 3: 5
1
From equation, h = ut + 2 gt 2
2h
t=0
A
12. t1 = g h
1 1
x = 0 + 2 gt 2
& x = 2 gt 2 ..... (ii) t1 B 2h
2 # 2h

t2 = g 3h

From the equation (i) and (ii) t2 C

5 = 2 g ]2tg
1 2 # 3h
2
5 4 5
t3 = g
x 1 2
& x = 1 & x = 4 = 1.25 m . t3 D
2 g 2t
 Kinematics 3.13
13. Velocity after 10 sec is equal to 18. SB = S A + 10.5
0 + ]10g ]10g = 100 m/s
t =
2
2 10t + 10.5

Distance covered in 10 sec is equal to
t 2 = 20t + 21

2 ]10g]10g2 = 50 m
1

t 2 - 20t - 21 = 0

Now from v 2 = u 2 = 2as


t = 21 sec .
& v 2 = ]100g2 - 2 ]2.5g]2495 - 400g = 25
& v = 5ms 1
- 19. When the secant from P to that point becomes the
tangent at that point
t +t t -t C
14. t AC = 1 2 2 ; tBC = 2 2 1 d2 x =
20. a = change in velocity w.r.t the time
AB ` = AC - BC B t2 dt 2

For OA " velocity decreases s a is negative
= 12 g c m - 1 gc 2 1 m
t1 + t2 t -t 2
2 t1
2 2
For AB " velocity constant so a is zero.
= 12 gt1 t2
A

For BC " velocity constant so a is zero.
2 # 2R cos θ
For CD " velocity increases so a is positive.
15. Time to fall = g cos θ

so it does not depend on i i.e. the chord position. 21. Upward area of a-t graph gives a
the change in velocity 10
u2 = 20 m/s for acquiring initial
16. hmax = 2g & u = 12 # 10 # 5 = 10 m/s 20
velocity, it again changes by 4 20 t
2#5 same amount in negative 2.5
tH = 10 = 1 s so no. of balls in one min
direction.
= 1 # 6 = 60
17. The position of a particle moving on X-axis as
Hence t = 8 s
function of time is given as 22. Initially the speed decreases and then increases.
23. a x = a1 S
i ; a y =- a2 Uj
x

a

(a) the given x-t graph has 5 points at which the y

slope of tangent is zero i.e. velocity becomes zero 5
times. 24. a =- kv + c 6k > 0, c > 0@

As we know that particle is at rest when its position
does not change with time. Clearly, from x-t graph,
dv
#
- kv + c = # dt & - 1k ln ]- kv + cg = t
particle is at rest 5 times. kv
& = c-e
-kt

` option (a) is correct. 25. Average velocity

(b) Slope is not zero at t = 0
Displacement Area under v - t curve

= time interval = time

` option (b) is incorrect.

(c) Velocity is positive, when slope of x-t curve is v
positive. Slope changes from positive to negative 25–2t
and negative to zero. 5t

` option (c) is incorrect. 5 5
t t
Total displacement

(d) Average velocity = Total time taken

Total Displacement is positive 1 525 + 25 - 2t? #
5t
20 = 2
25 & t = 5, 20

` option (d) is incorrect.
3.14 Physics
26. For returning, the starting point dv 10
31. a = dt = v + 1
Area of ]DOABg = Area of ]DBCDg

15 t 2 15
d +Vn = t
1 # # =1 # +1 1 V
2 20 25 2 4t & t = 5 5 - 11.2
# v10 dv = # dt & 10
0 0
2 6

` Required time = 25 + 11.2 = 36.2 1 225

& d + 15 n = t
27. Velocity of body at any instant is given by 10 2
V = ^4t3 - 2t h m/s

& t = 12.75 s

a = dt = ^12t 2 - 2h m/s 2
dV d2 x
32. a =

dt2

x= # V dt
x2 = t2 + 1

x= # ]4t3 - 2tgdt
Y dx
2x dt = Y
2t

& b dt l + x.a = 1
2

x = t 4 - t2 + C
dx

As body starts from origin t = 0, x = 0
t2 x2 - 1 1

& 0 = 0 - 0 + C & C=0 xa
& = 1- 2 & xa = 1 - = 2
x x2 x

X = t -t 4 2 1
a
& =
x3

When X = 2 m

t 4 - t2 = 2; or t 4 - t2 - 2 = 0
or, t 4 - 2t2 + t2 - 2 = 0 or t2 ^t2 - 2h = 0;

33.

& t2 - 2 = 0 or t2 + 1 ! 0

& t = 2 sec

Hence, acceleration at t = 2 sec
The angle is between 0c & 180c
= 12 ^ 2 h - 2 = 24 - 2 = 22 m/s
2

a t= 2
2
5r
34. i1 = 36
28. A constant acceleration is always towards -ve
x direction so time to reach from A to B is
Another angle for same range is the complementary
same as time taken from B to A so total time angle i2
t A " B " A = 4 sec .
Then θ 2 = 2 - b 536 l = 36 x & θ 2 = 36 π
π π 18 - 5 13
v t
# dv
29. a =- av2 = =- a # dt
u
v2 t=0

& - : v D =- at & u - v =- at 35.

1 v 1 1

u
x t
u # dx = # udt
v
& = 1 + a ut 1 + a ut
0 t=0

& x = au 6ln ]1 + a utg@t0 = a ln ]1 + a utg

u 1

V1 + V 2
30. x = 40 + 12t = t3
Avg. velocity between A & B = 2 (a
dx Acceleration is constant = g )

Speed dt = 0 + 12 - 3t2 & t = ! 2 sec .
` ]2g = 40 + 12 # 2 - 23
x Now if V1 = V1x S
i - V1yUj ( a both A & B are at

= 64 - 8 = 56 m same level)

at t = 0, x ]0g = 40
= V1x S
i = V sin iS
V1 + V 2
2 i
Dx = x ]2g - x ]0g = 16

 Kinematics 3.15
36. y = ax
2
.....(1)
To hit 400 cos i = 200

Given Vx = C
& i = 60c
dy dx

From (1) dt = 2ax. dt
41.

Vy = 2ax.C .....(2)
dvy dx

from (2) dt = 2a x. dt
t]OS g = 1 sec = t^TQh

ay = 2acVx t]OT g = 3

ay = 2ac2

Time of flight = t0T + tTQ = 4s
ay = 2ac Uj
2

42. vx = u cos θ
37.

vy = u2 sin2 i + 2gh

Now tan 45c = 1

u cos i = u2 sin2 i + 2gh
1 2
AC = 2 gt = 45 m BC = 45 3 m = ut
u2 cos2 i = u2 sin2 i + 2gh ..... ]1 g

45 =
u2 b 4 - 4 l = 2gh
u= 15 3 m/s. 3 1
3

38. ]Ymaxg & dt = 0

dY
u2 = 4gh

& dt ^10t - t2h = 10 - 2 t
d u = 2 gh


u = 2 gh
& t = 5
& Ymax = 10 ]5 g - 52 = 25 m
3
4gh. 4 + 2gh 5gh

tan a = = gh = 5
39. We have the point of projection as ^0, 0h 2 gh # 2
1

We have the equation of st. line (as shown in fig.) 43.

y = tan i/x
-2
y = 3 x ..... (1)

Also the equation of
trajectory for horizontal
projection.
- 1 x2

h = uy ]4g - 2 g ]4g2
y= 2 g 2 ..... (2) 1
u

from (1) and (2)
1 x2 2 44. From the R v/s i curve (for u = const.)

2 g 2 = 3x
u
u2

or x = 3
2 # u2
Rmax = g = 250 & u = 50 m/ sec .
5

3
2 # 4.5 # 4.5
= 3 # 0.9
T = 1/2 Tmax possible
5

If no. of steps be n then n # 0.3 = 3 # 0.9 2u sin i 1 c 2u m

g =2 g

n=9
1
sin
& i= 2 & i = 30c

40.
Least speed during flight

= u cos i = 50 cos 30 = 25 3
3.16 Physics
45. In 2 sec. horizontal distance travelled by bomb H
50. v y2 = u2 sin2 i - 2g # 2 ; v x2 = u2 cos2 i
= 20 # 2 = 40 m
vy

In 2 sec. vertical distance travelled by bomb v
1 u ucosq
= 2 # 10 # 22 = 20 m usinq vx

In 2 sec. horizontal distance travelled by hunter H/2 H
q
= 10 # 2 = 20 m ucosq


Time remaining for bomb to hit ground
67 2 A
3

` u cos i = 2
7 v x + v y & cos i = 2
2 # 80

= 10 - 2 = 2 sec.

or i = 30c

Let Vx and Vy be the velocity components of bullet
along horizontal and vertical direction. Thus we use, 51. v = u cos a S
i + ^u sin a - gthUj a v = v x = v y
2Vy v
g = 2 & Vy = 10 m/s
usina u 45°
20

and Vx - 20 = 2 & Vx = 30 m/s a

Thus velocity of firing is V ucosa

u cos a = u sin a - gt & t = g ]sin a - cos ag

= V x2 + V y2 = 10 10 m/s. u

46. Since maximum heights are same, their time of
flight should be same 52. v = aiS+ ]b - ctgUj

Time to reach maximum height (when Uj comp. of

` T1 = T2


Also, vertical components of initial velocity are velocity becomes zero)
same.

` Since range of 2 is greater than range of 1. b 2b
b
` - ct = 0 & t = c ` Time of flight = c

` Horizontal component of velocity of 2 >

range = horizontal velocity # Time of flight

Horizontal component of velocity of 1.

Hence u2 > u1 a
2b
= # c
47. v ]1g = ]3 + 4 # 1gS
i + ^4 + ]- 3g # 1hUj = 7S
i + Uj
- 500 1# # 2
53. - 1500 = 3 sin 37c t - 2 10 t ; t = ?
#
v ]1g = 49 + 1 = 5 2 m/s.
48. Time of collision of two boat = 20/2 = 10 sec . 500

Distance = 3 cos 37c # t (Horizontal)

As given in question i.e. the time of flight of stone is
4000
also equal to 10 sec. so vertical component of stone
& x = 3 m
initially is 50 m/s. ad the horizontal component
w.r.t. motorboat equals to 2 m/s. 2#h
54. Time to fall = g
Hence v BG = 3S
i + 50Uj

Range = Horizontal velocity # time
2 # 20
49. Time to reach the ground = 10 = 2 sec .
u=0, a = 6m/s2

20m

1 2h

So horizontal displacement = 0 + 2 # 6 # 4 = 12 m
x = 2gh # g = 2h
 Kinematics 3.17
55. After t = 1 sec , the speed increases with of velocity along incline must be zero.
2V sin ]i - ag

a = g sin 37c = 6 m/s2 0 = V cos ]i - ag + ^- g sin ah .
g cos a

` Vy = g sin 37c # 1 = 6 m/s V cos ]i - ag = tan a. 2V sin . ]i - ag


` speed = 82 + 62 = 10 m/s. cot ]i - ag = 2 tan a

56. New horizontal range u2
61. H = 2a=
=
1 g g 4u2 sin2 i

= R + 2 # 2 # T2 = R + 4 #
a= is same for all the three cases
g2
]u sin ag2 ]u cos ag2
= R + 2H ca H = u sin im
2 2
u2
2g
HA = 2a= , H B =
2a= and HC =
2a=
H
` B = H A + HC

57. 62. 20 m / s.

30
1 x2

y = x tan i - 2 g 2 2
u cos 30c x

1 10 # 202

5 = 20 tan 30c - 2 # 2 2
ux = 20 cos 30c , u y = 20 sin 30c
u cos 30c
1600 ^
4 + 3h
a y = g sin 30c , a y =- g cos 30c
1600

&
3 ^4 - 3h 13 3
u2 = =
2u y
58. On the incline plane the maximum possible Range
& T = a
is- y

2 ]10g 4

= = sec .
V2 g 3 /2 3
g ]1 + sin ig

R=

Range along inclined plane
1 16

= ux T + ]5 gd n
2 3
40
59. = 40 +
3
160
= m.
3
2 u sin i
63. Time of flight 4 = g cos 60c .....(1)
2V sin 45c 2V

T = g cos 45c = g
q
1 2V 2
(Angle of projection = i )

PQ = 2 gT2 = g

Distance travelled by Q on 60°
2 2 V2
= PR = PQ 2
Range g
Incline in 4 secs is
60. Applying equation of motion perpendicular to the
1 3g
incline for y = 0 .
= 0 + 2 # 2 # 42 = 40 3

0 - V sin ]i - ag t + 2 ^= g cos ah t2
1
& the range of particle 'P' is 40 3

2V sin ]i - ag 1 3g

& t = 0 & g cos a
= u cos i # 4 + 2 2
# 42 = 40 3

At the moment of striking the plane, as velocity is
= u cos i = 0; so i = 90c
perpendicular to the inclined plane hence component
From equation (i) u = 10 m/s
3.18 Physics

Aceleration due to gravity is g downwards
64. AB = ]u cos 30cg t - 2 g sin 30cx t2 = 2 t - 4
1 3u gt2

.....(1)
2u sin 30c 2u

And time of flight t = g cos 30c = .....(2)
3g

3u 2ut ut

From (1) and (2), we get AB = 2 t- 4 3 = 3

So, path observed by B is parabolic (projectile
2u 1 motion)
65. Time of flight, T = ` R = 2 g sin i.T2
g cos i
1 4u 2 70. Velocity of bullet with respect to car

= 2 g sin ix 2 2
g cos i
2u2

= g tan i sec i

66. Relative to the plane

3 V sin 37c 65

tan a = 2 = V cos 37c - 13 & V= 2

3 3

so time taken = V sin 37c = 65 3 s
#
2 5

71.
V2 = ]200g2 - 2 ^a + g h 1000 < 0

67. Relative to lift initial velocity and acceleration of
coin are 0 m/s. and 1 m/s2 upwards.
As given

]VA - VBg \ x A - xB

]VA - VBg = K ]x A - xBg

when x A - xB = 10 We have VA - VB = 10

8 = 2 ]1g t2 or t = 4 second.
1
We get

68. With respect to lift initial speed = n0
10 - K10 & K = 1

acceleration
VA - VB = ]x A - xBg
=- 2g

& ..... (1)

displacement =0
1
On differentiating with respect to 't' on
` S = ut + 2 at2
1
both side
0 = n0 T' - 2 # 2g # T'2
n 1 2n 1 dx A dxB dy
` T' = g0 = 2 # g 0 = 2 T
& dt - dt = dt
69.
& using (1) and (2)
d ]x A - xB g

dt = x A - xB
d ]x A - xB g

x A - xB = dt

& 6,n ]x A - xBg@10
20
=t

t = ^log e 2 h sec
 Kinematics 3.19
3
72. For man on trolley 2 vt = L & t = 3v
2L rmin = d sin i
v
3 2L 5 L = d. 2 1 2
with respect to ground: vt + 2 vt = L + 3 = 3 v1 + v 2
3 2L L 78. Velocity component of Q along longer side is always
` 2 vt - vt = L - 3 = 3 less than or equal to 12 m/s. Therefore Q will reach
5L L 4L after P.
` DS = 3 - 3 = 3
73. Let h = height of escalator

v = speed of escalator 79.

u = speed of walking of man

t3 = time taken to reach tower if man walks
Q measures acceleration of P to be zero.

up on a moving escalator.
` For P and Q to collide Q should observe P to

h = vt1 = ut2 = ]v + ug t3 move along line PQ
h h

& t3 = v + u ; v = t1 ;
Hence PQ should not rotate

`
1
t3 = 1 1 = t 1+2t
tt 80. v QP =- S
i + 2Uj - S
i - Uj =- 2S
i + Uj
1 2
t +t
1 2

74. If velocity of each bus is vb distance between tan–1 12

successive buses moving in the same direction
in 1
Considering relative motion in the 1st case x
m Q
2 Q
(2,1)

18 vb T
60 hr = vb - 20 .....(1) –1
tan ( 2 )
1
5

P
Considering relative motion in the 2nd case (0,0)

6 vb T
60 hr = vb + 20 .....(2)
5 x
From equation (1) & (2) we can get 'T' So from sine rule sin 90c = min & xm
sin i
2vy 2 # 3 i Q 1 # 2 4
75. Time of flight T = g = 10 = 0.6 sec . = 5 # 2 sin 2 cos 2 = 5 # 2 # =
5 5 5
Velocity of the body with respect to the ground in 2h
the orizontal direction, Vx = 6 m/s. 81. Time to reach at ground = g

` Horizontal rnge of the body with respect to a
person on the ground, R = Vx T = 3.6 m
rB-rA VB - VA
76. A and B collide if =!
rB-rA VB - VA

4Si + 4Uj ] x - 3g S
i - 4Uj

=
In this time horizontal displacement
6]x - 3g + 42@
=! 1
4 2 2

by comparison 2h u2 # 2h

d = u# g & d 2
= g

x - 3 =- 4 & x =- 1 vB/A
82. v A = 10 m/s
77. vC/B

v C = v C/B + v B/A + v A q
P Q
vA

= 12 ^- S
i h + 6 # 24 ^S + 10S
15 h c 351 Um
i + 6# i
24 j

= b 4 - 2l S
i + 4 Uj
15 351

72 + ^ 351h
2
v

tan i = v12 vC = 4 = 5 m /s .
3.20 Physics
83.
so, VRX - u = 0

& VRX = u

After doubling the speed-

v Rm' = _u S
i + vRyUj i - 2u S
i
Finally the meet a geometric centre of square
q
=- u S
i + vRyUj
2 q
time = V cos 45c = v -u

given tan θ = v
Ry
84. Flag will flutter in the direction of wind with respect
to bus.
& vRy =- u cot θ

so v R = uS
i - u cot θ _ Uj i

= ^vrm h - ^vrG h = ]20g2 + ]10g2

2 2
87. vmG


and VWB = VW - V B = VW + ]- V Bg
= 10 3 m/s.

(Addition of two vector always lies between

them) 88.
]- VWBg must lie in any direction between north

& west. So bus will be moving in any direction
between south and east. 300

t = 3 = 100 sec .
85. Velocity of rain with respect to man initially as
shown. 500

v = t = 5 m/s.

89. V m, g = V m, r + V r, g

As resulting velocity V m, g is at 45c with river flow.

Velocity relative to man when it increase its speed to
2V0

i.e. Vr, g - Vm, r sin α = Vm, r cos α .....(1)

60m

and Vmr cos α = 6 sec . .....(2)


Solving (1) & (2)

So resultant velocity of rain with respect to man

Vm, r = 5 5 m/s
= ]2V0g + ]V0g + ]4V g cos 37c =
41
2 2 2
0 0
5 V0 90. For shortest time to cross, velocity should be
86. v RM = v R - v m towards north as river velocity does not take any
part in crossing.
v RM = v R - uiS = _VRX S
i + VRYUj i - uiS

Since v RM has only y component with respect

to the man.
 Kinematics 3.21

EXERCISE - 3

1. ux = u0; u y = aω cos ωt u 2 sin 90c = 100 # 1 =

8. PQ = R = g 10 10 & PQ = 10
y t

x = u0 t; # dy = aω # cos ωt dt y
Q
0 t=0

/s
y = a w sin ωt = a sin c u m
w ωx

m
6

10
0 °
45 °
2. As given 9 = y/6 & y = 54m P 37 x ^ x, yh = ^10, 6, 0h
(2,0)

Average velocity of particle 8

Displacement 54

B= time = 6 = 9 m/s
3. Distance covered by:
9.
Train I = ]Area of ∆gtrain I = 200 m

Train II= ]Area of ∆gtrain II = 80 m


Velocity of approach of P and O
So the separation = 300 - ]200 + 80g = 20 m

4. r = ^t 2 - 4t + 6h S
i + t 2Uj ; - dx
dt = v cos 60c = 5 m/s.
v = ]2t - 4g S
i + 2t Uj
It can be seen that velocity of approach is
a = 2_S
i +Uj i; when a = v then a $ v = 0; t = 1s
always constant
v sinq v 100
5.
P reaches O after = 5 = 20 sec .
T q
4m v cosq 10. The diagram shows the dog’s
velocity just before and just
after the moment in question,
Time to cross 2m is b v sin θ l
2

with a very small angle
between them. Extending

To avoid an accident
those arrows to the path of
2 cat forms an isoceles triangle

Displacement = 4 + v cos θ # v sin θ
with height x and width
2 vdt . ( a velocity of dog is

8 # v sin θ = 4 + 2 cot θ
always directed towards cat)
16 sin θ

v sin θ = 4 sin θ + 2 cos θ
Magnitude of acceleration of dog at required
16 moment

vmin = 2 2
= 1.6 5 m/s
4 +2 v 2 - v1

= .....(1)
6. v = 4t S
i + 3t Uj _a x = at & y = 3/2t i
dt
2 2

v ]1 g = 4 S
i + 3Uj ; v ]2g = 8 S
i + 6Uj
Now v 2 - v 1 = udθ .....(2)

12 S
i + 9Uj
v dt

and dθ = x .....(3)

` < v >= 2 = _6 S
i + 4.5Uj i m/s

from equation (1), (2) and (3)
7. When acceleration is constant the instantaneous uv

required magnitude of acceleration = x
velocity is equal to the average velocity in mid of
the time interval. v 2u y 2 # 4 sin 30c
v 11. Relative to elevator T = a = g+a
3
v2
v -v v -v v1 a
y

a = t 2 t1 = t 3 t2
4 =1
1
2+2
2 2
2+2
3
t
= 12 3s
v2 v2
3.22 Physics
12. _ 4 S
i - gtjUi $ _- 9 S
i - gtjUi = 0 18.
O
2 2

- 36 + g t = 0 a a b
6 u

t = 10 s = 0.6 s β v
P γ

Separation = 13 # 0.6 = 7.8 m x Q

a b x
sin γ = sin β = sin α .....(i)

Relative velocity
13.
Vγ = ^- v cos γ - u sin βh S
i + ^v sin γ - u sin βhUj

Least distance of a proach = x sin θ

Relative to 2 V12 = gT downwards a12 = 0
v sin γ - u sin β

=x
1 Vγ
uT - 2 gT 2

time taken to reach 2 = gT 
P Vγ
a Vγ = v + u - 2vu cos α
2 2
u T x Q

= g - 2
1
u T u T 19. Separation = x = vt - 2 at 2

Total time from start = g - 2 + T = g + 2
Separation is greatest when V = at
14 Given vx = 4 - 2t shown that ax =- 2 and ux = 4
20 Body-I: u1 = 0; a1 = g; t1 = t
x v
and as y = 2 , v y = 2x = 2 - t which gives a y =- 1

Body-II: u2 = u; a2 = g; t2 = t - n
and u y = 2, ax and ay are both negative, while ux
displacement is same for both bodies
and uy are positive. Hence motion is first retarded
then accelerated. s1 = s2 = h " ]1 g

h = s1 = 2 gt 2 " ]2g
1
15 From fig. we get a = 2t - 2 but
a = dt ` dv = ]2t - 2g dt h = s2 = u ]t - ng + 2 ]t - ng2 " ]3 g
dv g

On integrating both sides we get & v = t 2 - 2t but
From (2) and (3), eleminating 't' we get
8h ^u - gn h = gn 2 ^2u - gnh
ds ds 2 2
v = dt & dt = t 2 - 2t

or ds = ^t 2 - 2t h dt. On integrating both sides we get

21. The time of flights of the two particles are same. Let
t A = tB = t and s A = sB = s
s = c t - t 2 m = 6.67 m
3 4

` 2 g sin α t = u cos ]θ + αgt + 2 g sin α t

3 1 2 1 2
2

& u cos ]θ + αgt = 0
d π
16. v= t ` θ+α = 2
0
22. As a particles collide we get
d d

t1 = v cos θ =
v - u2
2

17.

y x y x
dη ηd ηd
VAX - VCX = VAY - VCY & 1 + VCX = 2x

time taken = 2
= u + v' 2- y
u 1-η
 Kinematics 3.23

Yrel = 0 = ^Urel hy t + 2 ^arel hy t 2

V 2
β π 1
23. We have Rmax = ]1 + sin θg , where α = 2 + 4 .....(2)
g
2V cos θ

In case of the body projected up the plane,
from (2) t = 0 8 .....(3)

2g sin βx u 2
from (1) t = 2V0 sin θ .....(3)
V12 = u 2 cos 2 ^α - βh -
g ^1 + sin βh


from (3) & (4)
+ u 2 sin 2 ^α - βh = u 2 d
1 - sin β

n .....(1)
tan θ = 0.4
1 + sin β
1 + sin β d d 4
Similarly V22 = u 2 d
n .....(2) 27. v = 10 v cos α = 12.5 & cos α = 5
1 - sin β
3 u
from (1) to (2) we get u 2 = V1 V2

sin α = 5 = v

Also, 10u = 120 & u = 12 m/ min
24. u1 = 3g and u2 = 5g . At an instant of time 't' ,
V = 20 m/ min
1 1
x1 = 3gt - 2 gt 2 & x2 = 5gt - 2 gt 2
d = 200 m

upto 6s both are in air. The relative acc = 0 . So
graph is straight line. after t > 6s graph is same as

1
x2 = 5gt - 2 gt 2 &
28.

25. The particle attains its initral velocity when the area
in 1st quadrant is equal to that in 4th quadrant.
8 - 10 sin α
& 3 = 2 ]t - 2g # 2 ]t - 2g & t 2 - 4t + 1 = 0

1
tan β = 10 cos α

& t = ^2 + 3 h sec
VM1 HILL

y
2
a(m/s ) 29. V a
M2
VR
2 q x

t t

VM = Velocity of man uphill
0 2
1
1

VM = Velocity of man downhill
2

-2(t-2)

VR = velocities of rain (fixed)


VRM : Rel... vel... uphill
1

y
VRM : Rel-vel-downhill
2

26.
we know:

VRM = VR - VM .....(1)
x 1 1

VRM = VR - VM 2 2
.....(2)

ax = a (left)

From (1) & (2)

ay = g (downward)
VRM - VRM = VM - VM2
2 1 1

ux = V0 sin θ (right)
but - VM = VM 2 1

u y = V0 cos θ (upward)
` VRM = VRM + 2VM .....(3)
here VRM =- 4Uj
2 1 1

When body returns to boy
& VM = _2 S
i + 3Uj i
1

Xrel = 0 = ^Urel hx t + 2 ^arel hx t 2
1
.....(1)
VRM = 4 S
i + 2Uj
1

2
3.24 Physics
d
Area under v - t curve is not zero.
30. Shortest path t1 = 2
= d4 2
v -u
As the magnitude of area under v - t graph from
d d t = 0 to 10 is same as from t = 10 to 20 . hence the

Shortest time t2 = v = 5
average in both the intervals will be same.
t1 - t2 = d b 4 - 5 l = 60 km
1 1 4


37.
t

31. v = # adt If the velocity ]ug and acceleration ]ag have

0 opposite directions, then final velocity ] v g will
decrease, then object is slowing down.
& = 2 S
6t + 12t U = 2 S+ 3U
2 3
v i 3 j 3t i 4t j
If the position (x) and
2 2 velocity (u) have opposite
S
& = # vdt = # _3t Si + 4t Uj idt
2 3 2
0 = 8S
i + 16Uj sign the position (x)
0 0 reduces to become zero.
Total displacement hence the particle is

& Average velocity = Total time moving towards the
8S
i + 16Uj origin.

= 2 = 4S
i + 8Uj

If a .v > 0 speed will increase.
vt vt
32. e 3 , 3 o satisfies the eqn. of line
If velocity V = 0, t1 < t < t2
2 2 3v
x y
Hence, acceleration a = 3 t = 0; t1 < t < t2
v1 t + v2 t = 1
Therefore if the velocity is zero for a time interval,
u2 4 the acceleration is zero at any instant within the time
33. 50 = ]1 + sin θg sin θ = 5
g interval

Total displacement
(d) is correct.
34. Average velocity = Total time interval
dv

[acc, a = dt & v = u + at ]

Now, v = 0 & a = 0 & a =- u/t & acceleration
may not be zero when vel. V = 0, c is incorrect.
38. At the time of throwing the ball, it inherits velocity
of platform at that moment.
d 2V V & (a) is correct
V= d d = V +1 V2
2 v + 2v 1 2 And, the horizontal velocity of the ball is
35. During one hour the tip of the minute hand covers
1 2
constant.
one complete round hence the displacement is zero
Since, no acceleration in horizontal direction
in one hour, the final and initial position of the
minute hand is same. for ball.
& (c, d) are correct.

` displacement is zero and average velocity is zero.
39. For first case (when lift is ascending with an

Hence, option (a) and (d) are correct acceleration a)
36. 2V

t1 = g + a .....(i)

for second case (when lift is descending with an
acceleration a)
2V
t2 = g - a .....(ii)

on solving equation (i) and (ii) we get
gt t
3v 0
V = t +1 t2

a Avg = t = 20 = 0 1 2

t2 - t1
& a = g d t + t n

From 0 to 20 times interval velocity of particle

doesn’t change it’s direction. 1 2
 Kinematics 3.25
40. (a) the upper part of graph shows that acceleration

= 20 # 53 + 0
is positive and becomes zero bbut just after
this instant, the displacement cannot become
uBy = 12 m/s.
negative suddenly. So, (a) is wrong 2
u sin 2θ

(b) Displacement is not positive when velocity is
(ii) R= g
negative. So, (b) is wrong.

For range (with respect to Boy on trolley)

(c) Velocity cannot increase if acceleration is
negative. So (c) is wrong.
u = initial velocity of ball with respect to trolley and

(d) If velocity is negative then displacement will θ = angle of projectile (with respect to trolley from
also be negative. So, (d) is correct. trolley i.e. considering trolley to be stationary)

41. s \ t 2 ^uBT h2 sin 2θ 20 2 sin ]2 # 37cg

So RBT = g = 10
` = ct 2 where c = constant
s
2uBy
ds
(iii) T = time of flight = g

(i) v = dt = 2 ct y

` v \t
uBy = Velocity of ball (with respect to
dv

(ii) a = dt = 2c
ground) along y direction.

so, a = constant
g y = Acceleration of ball (with respect to
42. Acceleration at particle with respect to lift.

ground) along y direction.

Now if a > g particle’s velocity with 2 # uBT sin θ 2 # 12
respect to lift increases in upward direction
& T = g = 10 & T = 2.4 s
so it hit the roof BC

Note, vertical component of ball’s velocity

if a < g particle’s velocity with respect to = uBy = uBT sin θ = 12 (as calculated in part (i)
lift increases in downward direction so it mayhit the above)
wall CD as well as AD depending upon ‘u’ and ‘a’
^uBT sin θ h2 _uBy i
2

and if a = g , particle’s velocity with respect to lift
Max height = h = = 2g
2g
remain same so it hit the corner C y
12 # 12

= 2 # 10 & H = 7.2 m
43. Let the direction of motion of trolley be in +ve x
direction
(iv) Let RBG = Range of ball wrt ground.

= ^uBt h # T
uT = 10 m/s { uBT = velocity of Ball with respect to
= 26 # 2 1012
#


trolly}
(a T = 2 &

θ = 37c (given) { uBT = velocity of Ball with 2uBy

RBG = 62.4 m
respect to trolly} g

(a) uBT = 20 m/s 44. vB = vT + 9.8 # 0.5 = vT + 4.9

uBTx = 20 cos θ
vB - vT = 4.9 m/s and

uBTx = UBx - UTx vB2 - vT2 = 2gs = 2 # 9.8 # 3 = 58.8

` UBx = UBTx + UTx

= 20 cos 37c + 10 vT

4 3m ∆t = 0.5s

= 20 # 5 + 10 = 16 + 10
vB

uBx = 26 m/s

Similarly, uBy = uBTy + uTy & ^vB + vT h # ^vB - vT h = 2 # 9.8 # 3


= 20 sin 37c + 10 sin 0
& vB + vT = 12 m/s
3.26 Physics
45. r = t 2 S
i + ^t3 - 2t hUj ; 51. (a) a Distance $ Average velocity

` Average speed $ Average velocity
v = dt = 2t S i + ^3t 2 - 2hUj
dr


(b) a ! 0 & ∆v ! 0
a = 2 = 2S i + 6t Uj
d2 r
Velocity can change by changing its direction.

dt

(c) Average velocity depends on displacement in
a .v = 4t + 18t3 - 12t = 0 ]For =g

time interval e.g. circular motion " after one

` t = ! 2/3, 0 revolution displacement become zero hence
dy dy 3t 2 - 2 average velocity but instantaneous velocity

For parallel to x-axis & dx = 0 & dx = 2 never becomes zero during motion.

(d) In a straight line motion ; there must be
2

` at t = 3 sec it becomes zero so (d) reversal of the direction of velocity to reach the
destination point for making displacement zero
a ^ 4, 4 h = 2 S
i + 6 # 2Uj = 2 S
i + 12Uj and hence instantaneous velocity has to be zero
46. Area of the curve gives distance. at least once in a time interval.

47. Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity i.e. 52. v = v U

v ; 7 v " speedA
velocity can be changed by changing its direction,
speed or both.
Velocity may change by changing either speed or
direction and by both.
48. Motion A to C & 17 2 = 7 2 + 2as x t

dt & 62 x @4 = t
dx =
7m/s 17m/s 53. v = x ; # x t=0
# x

A B C 4

& = b t 2 4 l at t = 2 & x = 9m
+ 2
x
Motion A to B & vB2 = 72 + 2a b 2 l =
2 2
s 17 + 7
2 dv 1 =1 2

a = v dx = x # 2 m/s
289 + 49 = 2 x

(a) vB = 2 13 m/s

at x = 4 & v = 2 m/s & it increases as x increases
7 + 13 so it never becomes negative.

(b) < v AB >= 2 = 10 m/s.
54. As air drag reduces the vertical component of
13 - 7 17 - 13 t1 = 6 = 3

(c) t1 = a , t2 = a , t2 4 2 velocity so time to reach maximum height will
decrease and it will decrease the downward vertical
13 + 17 =

(d) < vBC >= 2 15 m/s. velocity hence time to fall on earth increases.

49. x = 2 + 2t + 4t 2, y = 4t + 8t 2 55. Horizontal component of velocity remains constant

dx dy
` v' sin θ = v cos θ (from figure) ` v' = v cot θ

vx = dt = 2 + 8t, v y = dt = 4 + 16t

ax = 8; a y = 16; a = 8 S
i + 16Uj = constant

y = 2 ^2t + 4t 2h; y = 2 ] x - 2g
(90–q )

v sinq v'cosq
^a x = 2 + 2t + 4t 2h
q
q v'cosq
v'

which is the equation of straight line. P v cosq

50. v ] t g = ]3 - 1 # t g S
i + ]0 - 0.5t gUj .....(i)
So from v y = u y + a y t " - v' cos θ
2

For maximum positive x coordinate when vx = sin θ - gt - v cos θ
sin θ = v sin θ - gt
becomes zero.
v

` 3 - t = 0 & t = 3 sec .
` t = g cosec θ

r ]3 g = 4.5 S
i - 2.25 Uj 56. y = x # tan θ b1 - R
x l Eqn. of trajectory

Then
 Kinematics 3.27
57. As given horizontal velocity = 40 m/s V cos α V cos α

10 - V sin α = 3 &
15 - V sin α = 1

u cos θ # t = 40; t = 1 sec

Solving V = 12.2 m/s 15c
α=

At t = 1 , height = 50m

` 50 = u sin θ # 1 - 1/2 # g # 1 & u sin θ = 55 63.

` Initial vertical component = u sin θ = 55 m/s

As hoop is on same height of the trajectory.

So by symmetry x will be 40 m
u 2 sin 2θ 4900
58. Range = g & 480 = 980 # sin 2θ

]90 - ig projection angle has same range.


V sin β = 1.9 sin 60c

1200 1200
+
P 480m Q V cos β + 1.9 cos 60c V cos β - 1.9 sin 30c
5
= # 60

Time of flight:

2u sin ]90 - θg
64. Final speed is V V cos 30c = 20 cos 60c
2u sin θ

T1 = g ; T2 = g
20

V = m/s
2
u sin 2θ 30
59. Range = g
Vy = V sin 30c
For θ & ]90 - θg angles, range will be same so

for 30c & ]90 - 30cg / 60c , projections both
= 10 = 20 sin 60c - gt
3
strike at the same point. For time of flight, vertical
components are responsible. 2

t =
3
2 2
h u sin θ sin 2 30 = 1 2
h1 = 2 2 1 =
x = 20 cos 60c #
2 u sin θ 2 sin 2 60 3 3
dy dx
60. y = x 2, dt = 2x dt = 2x vx
= 20 m
3
v y = 2 # 2 # 4 b at x = 2 , vx = 4 l
1 1

v y = 4 m/s; v x = 12 = 4 S
i + 4Uj ; v = 4 2
65.


Slope of line 4x - 4y - 1 = 0 is tan 45c = 1 and
also the slope of velocity is 1. u cos αt = u cos β ]t - T g : x-direction

u sin αt - 2 gt 2 = u sin α ]t - T g - 2 g ]t - T g2:

1 1


y-direction
61. Relative to 1: V21 = 24 upwards 66 -68
a21 = 0 x f - xi - 100 - 100

(1) < v >= 3t = 20 =- 10 m/s.
h
time 2 will reach the position of d = 2u v f - vi tan θ 2 - tan θ1

(2) < a >= 3 t = 20 =0
62.

(since θ 2 = θ1 )

(3) During first 10 sec ., the slope of x-t curve

Decreases in negative direction.

` Motion is retarded.

t = 0 to t = 10 s
3.28 Physics
69. x = 2 ^t - t 2h 76 -78

5 sin α = 3.75 sin 53c

Velocity = dx
dt = 2 - 4t
3

sin α = 5 α = 37c
d2 x
Acceleration = 2 =- 4 & (c) is correct
dt 20

t A - B = 5 = 4s
dx 1
70. velocity = dt = 2 - 4t υ = 0 & t = 2 3.75 3

sin θ = 5 = 4
1

After t = 2 sec ., particle moves to left d
tBC = 5 cos θ
1

Position at t = 2 sec

= 20
x = 2b 2 - 4 l = 2 # 4 = 2 m
1 1 1 1

7
5# 4

(c) is correct.

= 6.04s
1
71. Moves to x = 2 and then turns back.
d

Total distance travelled = cos 37c + d
1 1
72. u = 0 at t = 2 s & x = 2

= 45 m
1 1
` Position at t = 2 s & x= 2 79 -81

VAB = _6 S
i + 8Uj i

Position at t=1 & x=0


` Distance moved = 12 - 0 + 1 - 12
- _- 16S
i + 12Uj i
73 -75
= 22 S
i - 4Uj

2 ^VAB hy
^VAB hx
tan θ = 11 =

Hence the particles


From the figure it is clear that
will collide

x = VRM = 10 m/s downwards and 10 = 10 =
^VAB hy

time of collision = 4 2.5 s

VM = 10 m/s towards right.
Since a V aB the particles will collide in shorter

In the second case: time.

Velocity of rain as observed by man becomes 3 82 -84
times in magnitude

Relative to box;

` New velocity of rain

= 20 m/s

` the angle rain makes with vertical is

tan θ = 3 or θ = 30 c

` Change in angle of rain = 45 - 30 = 15c


= 20 m/s.
 Kinematics 3.29
V sin 2α 2
i.e. body “A” is traveling with constant velocity

To reach D Range a = g cos θ 0
w.r.t. body “B”.

If it is projected vertically ]α = 90 - θg h

t =
U A, B
V02 sin 2α

Range
= g cos θ
h h

= = 2
2V 2 2 gh 8g

= g sin θ 0

The particle hits the vertical face normally. 87. When a body is protected vertically upwards, it
reaches same position at instants t and T - t , where
Range V02 sin 2α T is total time of flight

2 = g cos θ = a

T = 2 9time of ascent)
2
85.
 V
= 2 ]5 g sec.

V
body reaches point “P” again after 8 sec. from start.
A
88.
V sin 

^ V B, A h =  V
u
V cos 

V sin 
d


= V'
2u
V 1  cos  
V sin i

tan a =
V ]1 + cos ig

]2ug2 - u 2 = 2 g d (Downwards is

considered positive)

= tan i/2

h cos a h cos i/2

&
2
3u = 2 g d

= V' =
V' 2V cos i/2
h u
2
d

=
& =
2V 2g 3
86. 0  u  0
A 89. Average velocity of the body becomes zero, when
displacement is zero i.e. body reaches to the same
position in given time interval.

t = 0, x = 10 m
at
0  u B  2 g 4h

again at t = 4, x = 10 m
 2 2 gh
2
90. From the graph we get v= 5s but

U A, B = U A - U B
dv 2 2 4
a = v ds = 5 . 5 s = 25 # 50 = 8 m/s 2

= 0 - 2 2gh

a A, B = a A - a B

= g .- g .

=0
3.30 Physics
12
V =d nS + 3
y
91. S = 0 to 60 m, P
60
A B

S = 60 to 120 m, V = 15 m/s.

Let t1 is the time taken to travel from
y
 1 
 y2
x
y2  y1  ?
S = 0 to S = 60 m

ds S gT 2
Difference in height = 2 g. 36 ]4 - 1g = 24

= +3 1 T2

dt 5
60 t
ds 94.

& # S
= # dt
0 +3 0
5 u
S 60 

& 5 d ln d + 3 nn = t 45
5 0

& 5 ]ln 15 - ln 3g = t y x

& 5 ln 5 = t
ux = u cos ^z - 45c h ,

& t = 8 sec .
u y = u sin ^z - 45c h

ax =- g sin ]45cg,
60

t2 = = 4 sec .

15

ttotal = t1 + t2
a y =- g cos 45c

= 12 sec . 2uy

T = ay

` x = 6 2 u sin ^z - 45c h

=
92. x = 40t g cos 45c

as the particle hits inclined plane at right angle,
dx

ux = = 40
dt
^vx h final = 0
2

y = 20t - 10t
u cos ^z - 45c h
dy
& T =
g sin 45c

uy = = 20 - 20t
dt
& 2 sin ^z - 45c h = cos ^z - 45c h

a y =- 20
1

& tan ^z - 45c h =
2u y 2

Total time of flight = a tan z - 1
y 1

& =
2 ]20g 1 + tan z 2

=
20
2 tan z - 2 = 1 + tan z

= 2 sec.

& tan z = 3
T T T
93. Time for A to P = 2 - 3 = 6 4
2
95. Hmax =
5T T T 2g

Time for P to B = 6 - 2 = 3
]30g2

2 ]10g
=
Difference in height = 2 g ;b T3 l - b T6 l E
1 2 6


= 45

` x = 5
 Kinematics 3.31
96. Change in velocity = area under a ]vsg time graph. - V0 L

V ] x g = V0 + e od x - n
L/2 2
& ^Vt = 11 sec . - Vt = 0 h =
1
]10g]11g
2 2V0 L

= 2V0 - x d < x < Ln

= 55 L 2

& Vt = 11 = 55 m/s. u

Vboat, ground =

As body is accelerating from t = 0 to t = 11 sec . , V x 
maximum velocity is observed at t = 11 sec .
L
97. o B
T = u

total drift = OB
45 u T

A
= V ] x g $ dt #
0

AO OB = d
V x 

Vman, Ground = Vman, River + VRiver, Ground
V0
V'

45
B = Vman, River + 4 "
A
L x
V'  

Vman, River = -u " 2
45

V 'cos 45

as x = ut

= 1
V 'sin 45  2 2
dt = dx
]V'g 2
]V'g 2
1
4

+ - 2V' ^2 2 h + 8 L
2 2 2
OB = # V] xg $ 14 dx

]V'g2 + 8 - 4V' 0
L
1

Minimum, Vman, River
= V ] x g $ dx #
40

2V' - 4 = 0 ( a 1st degree 1

= u (area under curve)

differentiation is zero) 1 1

= u d V0 L n
2

Vman, River = 2 m/s.

i.e. k =4
98.
99. r = r0 t ]1 - αt g
o B

= 0 t - r0 αt 2
r
x
1
A Canpuring with S = ut - 2 at 2

V0 1

u = r0, 2 a = r0 α & a = 2r0 α

V] xg = 0 + $x
L
d n u 2 r02 kr
Y
2
distance = Y
2#Y = = 0
2a 2 r0 α 16α
2V0 L

= x d0 < x < n
k=8
L 2
3.32 Physics
u 2 u 2 2 ]t + 2g2 = t + ]t + 3g2
2
d n - d n = 2 ^- g h $ h

&
100.
3 2
2 2

& 2 ^t 2 + 4 + 4t h = t 2 + t 2 + 6t + 9
u u

& - u =- 2gh
& 2t = 1
9
- 5u 2
& t = 1/2 sec .

& =- 2gh
36
5
2
5u 104. Vboat, ground = +5 "

& h =
72g 30
2
u 36 h

hmax = = 5 3
2g 5
+ 5 ]" g
2

=
101. As direction of motion of the particle is not
changed, distance travelled is equal to magnitude of 5/2
displacement.
5 3
1 2

distance = V0 8
=
2

= 4V0 5/2

V0 V0 d 3 /2 1

t= = = hour.

tan 60c = , tan 30c = 5 3 /2 5 3 /2 5
t1 t2
t2 5 1 1
& 3 =
drift = $ = km
t1 2 5 2

k =2

t1 = 2 sec, t2 = 6 sec .
105. (i) v = kx

& V0 = 2 3 m/ sec .
dV
= 4 ^2 2 h
Distance
a = V $
dx

=8 3m
] g
= kx k

k =8
& a = k2 x

102. ux = 10 2 cos 45c ; u y = 10 2 sin 45c

acceleration is non-uniform

= 10 m/s.
= 10 m/s. acceleration is proportional to x

Let at time “t sec” ; V = 125 m/ sec .
(ii) V 2 kx

10 2 = Vy2 = 125
& V = k x1/2

& Vy2 = 25 dv

a = V $
dx

& Vy = ! 5 m/ sec . 1 -1/2

= k x1/2 $ k $ x

u y - gt1 = 5 ; u y - gt2 =- 5 2
k

& 10 - 10t1 = 5 ; 10 - 10t2 =- 5
=
2

& 10t1 = 5 ; 15 = 10t2
a is uniform

& t1 = 0.5 sec . ; t2 = 1.5 sec .
(iii) v = kt
d

& t2 - t1 = 1 sec .
a = ]kt g = k
dt
103. Let t is time taken by particle to travel from A to B.
a is uniform
1 1 1 1

g ]t + 2g2 - gt 2 = g ]t + 3g2 - g ]t + 2g2
(iv) v = kt 2
2 2 2 2
 Kinematics 3.33
d u sin 45c = u

a = ^ kt 2 h
` The time is = g
dt 2g

= 2 kt
` b"s

Acceleration is non-uniform
the time till its displacement along x-axis is half the
range is

Acceleration is proportional to time.
106. Time of flight = 1 T = 2gu

2
2u 2u 2 2u
` c"q

T = g cos 45c = g cos 45c = g

` d"p 107. In all cases, angle between velocity and net force (in
the frame of observer) is in between 0c and 180c

Velocity of stone is parallel to x-axis its velocity is
(excluding both values. in that path is straight line)
horizontal

1. x = a cos wt; vx = –awsinwt v20 sin 2i

4. Range, R = g
y = a sin wt; vy = aw cos wt
z = a wt; vz = aw A1 rR12max v14 1
A2 = rR2r max = v24 = 16
Speed of particle, v = v2x + v2y + v2z
5. As the graph sown represent the same kind of

= a2 ~2 + a2 ~2 = a~ 2 motion,

2. Both cars cover same distance.

1 2 1 2
2 a1t1 = 2 a1t2 ...(i)
(a) True for particle thrown
Also, t2 – t1 = t ...(ii)
a1t1 = v + a2t2 ...(iii)
From eqn. (i) and (ii),
up from ground and caught back again.

b a1 l = b t + t1 l = b tt + 1 l
2 2
a2 t1 1

t a1 a2
(b) True for above condition.
t1 + 1 = a2 ; t1 = t
a1 - a2
From eqn. (ii) and (iii),
a1t1 = v + a2 (t + t1); v + a2t = (a1 – a2)t1
a2 t
or v + a2t = (a1 - a2) ×
^ a1 - a2 h
(c) Not true
v + a2t = a1 a2 t + a2t
∴ v = a1 a2 t

3. The position vectors for points G and H are a k

b a k + a i l and b a j + a k l respectively.
^ ^ ^ ^
2 2 2 2
(d) True
So, the displacement vector from G to H is

OH - OG = 2 ^k + i - k - i h = 2 _ j - i i
a ^ ^ ^ ^ a ^ ^


` Correct option is (c)
3.34 Physics
6. Velocity decreases linearly. 9. u = 5 and tan θ = 2
7. Initially the move with constant velocity relative 2
gx
to each other & later one of the mass comes to rest
so y = x tan θ - ^1 + tan 2 θh
while the other is still moving. 2u 2

& y = 2x - 2 # 5 ]1 + 4g & y = 2x - 5x 2
2
10x
1 2

y1 = 10t - 2 gt
2
1 2 u u2

y2 = 40t - 2 gt 10. Hmax = 2g = 10m and Rmax = g = 20 m

y2 - y1 = 30t 2 2
11. Rmax = g ; Area = rr 2 = r d n
u2 u

When both were moving. g

12. v = K _ y S
i + xjUi; vx = Ky; dt = Ky
dx

When only 2nd body is moving

1 2 dy

y2 = 40t - 2 gt Similarly dt = Kx
dy x

y1 =- 240 m Hence dx = y & y dy = x dx
1 2 by integrating y 2 = x 2 + c


y2 - y1 = 40t - 2 gt + 240

Which is a parabolic. 13. Khighest point = 7KPoint of projectionA cos 2 θ

KH = K ]cos 60cg2 & KH = 4

K
8. Time taken to reach at highest point is
u 14. When a body is projected at an angles θ and
t1 = g
90 - θ the ranges for both angles are equal and the

If t2 be time taken to hit the ground corresponding time of flights for the two ranges are
1 t1 and t2

- H = ut2 - 2 gt 22
2u 2 sin θ cos θ

Now t2 = nt1 (given)
r = g
nu 2 1 n 2 u 2 = 2 g c 2u sin

1 θ mc 2u sin ]90c - θg m

` -H = - 2g 2 g g
g2 g
2gH = nu 2 ]n - 2g
1

`
= 2 gt1 t2 & R ? t1 t2

v
v = d - x0 n x + v0
1. Distance travelled in tth second is,

.....(1)
0
1

st = u + at - 2 a v dx v
a = dt = d - x0 n dt = d - x0 n v
dv


0 0

Given: u = 0

Substituting v from equation (i), we get
1
sn an - 2 a
a = d - x0 n<d - x0 n x + v0F
v v

` =

a ]n + 1g - 2 a
sn + 1 1 0 0

2n - 1 v 2 v2

= 2n + 1
a = d x0 n x - x0
0 0

Hence, the correct option is (c)
Thus, a-x graph is a straight line with positive slope
and negative intercept
2. The v-x equation from the given graph can be written
as
` correct answer is (a)
 Kinematics 3.35
3. (i) For uniformly accelerated/decelerated motion dy

dt = v y = bp cos pt and
2 2

v = u ! 2gh
2

i.e., v-h graph will be a parabola (because d y

= a y =- bp 2 sin pt
equation is quadratic) dt 2
π π

(ii) initially velocity is downwards ( - ve ) and then
At time t = 2ρ or pt = 2
after collision it reverses its direction with lesser
magnitude i.e., velocity is upwards ( + ve ). π

ax and v y becomes zero (because cos 2 = 0 ) only
Graph (A) satisfies both these conditions. vx and a y are left.

Therefore, correct answer is (a)
or we can say that velocity is along negative x-axis
and acceleration along y-axis.

Note that time t = 0 corresponds to the point on
the graph where h = d π

Hence, at t = 2p velocity and acceleration of the
v
at t = 0, h = d
particle are normal to each other. So, option (b) is
2
d 1 → 2 : V increases also correct.
h downwards
3 1
At 2 → velocity changes 7. Since, the body is at rest at x = 0 and x = 1 , Hence,
Collision takes its direction
place here 2 2 → 3 V decreases upwards α cannot be positive for all time in the interval
0 # t # 1.
displacement
4. Average velocity =
Therefore, first the particle is accelerated and then
time
retarded. Now,
AB 2

= time = 1 = 2 m/s

total time is = 1 s (given)
5. For particle P, motion between AC will be an

S = Area under v - t graph
accelerated one while between CB a retarded one.
2s
But in any case horizontal component of its velocity
` Height of vmax = t = 2 m/s is also fixed.
will be greter than or equal to V. On the other
:Area or S = 1 # t # vmaxD
v
hand, in case of particle Q. It is always equal to V. 2
vmax = 2 m/s
Horizontal displacement for both the particles are 2
3
1
equal. Therefore tP < tQ
If height and base is fixed,
area is also fixed.
6. x = a cos ^ pt h & cos ^ pt h = a
x O
t
.....(1) 1

In case 2: Acceleration =
y = b sin ^ pt h
Redardation = 4 m/s 2

y In case 1: Acceleration > 4 m/s 2 while retardation

& sin ^ pt h = b .....(2)
< 4 m/s 2

Squaring and adding Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
Hence, α $ 4 at some point or points in its path.

x2 y
2 2u 0 sin i

+ =1 8. Let g = T0 and u0 cos q = v1 (given)
a2 b2
Average velocity =

Therefore, path of the particle is an ellipse. Hence,
option (a) is correct. u T u T
u 0 cos iT0 + a0 cos i a + 02 cos i 02
a a

From the given equations we can find: T T
T0 + a0 + 02 + .......
a
dx

dt = vx =- ap sin pt
y
u 0 cos T0 c1 + + ....... m
1 1
t=t +
→
r a2 a 4 a
= = v1 a + 1 = 0.8V
d2 x
T0 c1 + a + 2 + ...... m
1 1

= ax =- ap 2 cos pt O
dt 2 a
a = 4
3.36 Physics
9. A = ait and B = a cos ωtit + a sin ωtjt
V A = 100 3 cos 30 S
i + 100 3 sin 30cUj

= 100 S
i + 50 2 Uj
A+B = 3 A-B


]a + a cos ωt g + ]a sin ωt g = 3
2 2

V B = x cos 60c S
i + x sin 60cUj
]a - a cos ωt g2 + ]a sin ωt g2

= 2x S
i + 2 Uj
ωt x 3

& 2 cos 2 = ! 3 # 2 sin ω2t

ωt 1

tan 2 = !
V B - V A = b 2 - 150 l S
i +c mUj
3 x x 3


ωt = π 2 - 50 3
2 nπ ! 6

As A sees B at 90c to its line of motion hence the
t = ]12n ! 2g s
angle between - x axis and V BA = 60c

= 2s, 10s, 14s......
x 3
- 50 3
10. tan 60c = 2
x
150 - 2
x x

150 - 2 = 2 - 50

1 Uy 1
x = 200
K2 = 2 mu 2
Ux = tan 30c = 3
u sin 45c
2 2
i + 50 3 Uj
Hence V BA =- 50 S

H = 2g 3 u y = ux

V BA = ]50g2 + ^50 3 h
2 2


= 4ug = 120m 1
K f = 2 mu 2

= 2 m `u x + u y j
1 2 2
= 50 # 2 = 100 m/s

1 `u 2 + u 2 j = 1 # 1 500
2

Thus time to collide = 100 = 5 sec .
& 2m x y 2 2 mu
u2 12. w.r.t. rocket,

& u x2 + u 2y = 2

& using ux = 3 u y 2 ]0.3g

t f fo 1st = - 0.2 sec .
2
u2

& 3 u 2y + u 2y = 2
So it will keep on colliding in interval of 0.3 sec.

u2

& u 2y = 8
For other,

u 2y - 4 =- 0.2t - t 2

h = 2g = 16g = 4 d u n
u2 1 2


4g
t 2 + 0.2t - 4 = 0


= H 120
4 = 4
- 0.2 = 0.04 + 16
11.
t= = ^ 4.01 - 0.1 h . 1.9 sec .
2
 Kinematics 3.37
13. (a) Let A stands for trolley and B for ball.
(i) Vertical displacement of stone is 1.25 m

1.25 = ]u sin θg t - 2 gt 2 where

VBax = x component of B relative to A 1



and VBay = y component of B relative to A
g = 10 m/s
2

Relative velocity of B with respect to A ]v BAg

or ]u sin θg t = 1.25 + 5t 2
.....(1)
should be along OA for the ball to hit the trolley.
Hence, v BA will make an angle of 45c with positive
(ii) Horizontal displacement of stone
x-axis.

= 3 + displacement of object A

θ = 45c
` ]u cos θg t = 3 + 2 at where
1 2
vbay

(b) tan θ = v = tan 45c
bax

a = 1.5 m/s 2
vBay

or ]u cos θg t = 3 + 0.75 t 2
or v = 1
Bax .....(2)

or vBay = = vBax .....(1)

(iii) Horizontal component of velocity (of stone) =

Further vBay = vBy - v Ay vertical component (because velocity vector is

or vBax = vBx - 0 inclined at 45c with horizontal)

or vBax = vBx .....(2) ` ]u cos θg = gt - ]u sin θg
.....(3)

also vBay = vBy - v Ay
(The right hand side is written gt - u sin θ because

vBay = vBy ^ 3 - 1 h .....(3) the stone is in its downward motion. Therefore,
gt > u sin θ in upward motion u sin θ > gt ).
vBy

tan φ = v
Bx
Multiplying Eq. (3) with t we can wrire

or vBy = vBx tan φ .....(4)
or ]u cos θg t + ]u sin θg t = 10 t 2
.....(4)

From Eqs. (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get

Now Eqs. (4), (2) and (1) gives
^ 3 - 1h

or vBx = tan φ - 1
4.25t 2 - 4.25 = 0

^ 3 - 1h

and vBy = tan φ - 1 . tan φ
or t = 1s
2 2

vB = v Bx + v By
Substituting t = 1s is Eqs. (1) and (2), we get

3 -1
u sin θ = 6.25 m/s

= tan φ - 1 1 + tan 2 φ

or u y = 6.25 m/s

Substituting φ = 60c , we get
3 -1
and u cos θ = 3.75 m/s

= tan 60c - 1 sec 60c

or ux = 3.75 m/s
3 -1

=
3 -1
.2 Therefore, u = ux S
i + u yUj m/s

vB = 2 m/s
or u = _3.75 S
i + 6.25Uj i m/s
14. Let ‘ t ’ be the time after which the stone hits the
object and θ be the angle which the velocity vector
u makes with horizontal. According to question,
we have following three conditions.
3.38 Physics