Solution

CORE CONCEPTS : KINEMATICS

Class 11 - Physics

1.
(c) v = u
Explanation: Let the initial velocity of the body = u
And final velocity at the initial point be v.
Now the potential energy of the body at the point of projection is the same in both the upward and the downward journey. Since
the total energy of the system has to be conserved, the kinetic energies at that point must also be the same in both journeys.
1 1
∴
2
mv
2
=
2
mu
2
⇒ v=u
2. (a) 2 sec
Explanation: Here: u = 0, s = 1

2
at2 or s ∝ t2
−− −−
−
t2 s 2 s/4 1
∴ = √ = √ =
t1 s1 s 2

or t 2 =
1

2
× 4 = 2s

3.
(d) 1

2
gt
2

Explanation: Suppose the ball takes time T to reach the maximum height H.
As v = u + at
∴ 0 = u - gT

or T = u

Also, s = ut + 1

2
at2
gT2
1
∴ H = uT - 2

Height attained by the ball in time (T - t)

H' = u(T - t) - 1

2
g(T - t)2
Height covered by the ball in last t seconds is given by
h = H - H'
1 1
= uT - 2
gT
2
− [u(T − t) −
2
g(T − t) ]
2

or h = ut + 1

2
gt2 - gtT = ut + 1

2
gt2 - gt ⋅ u

or h = 1

2
gt2
4.
(b) 9
Explanation: Initial velocity, u = 3 m/s
Acceleration, a = 3 m/s​2
Initial time, t1 = 0 s
Final time, t2 = 2s
Time taken t = 2 - 0 = 2 s
Final velocity, v =?
We know, v = u + at
⇒ v = 3 + 2 × 3

⇒ v = 3 + 6 = 9 m/s2
5.
(b) 2b2

Explanation: x = b0 + b1t + b2t2

v= dx

dt
= b1 + 2b2t
dv
a= dt
= 2b2
 6.
(d) straight line
Explanation: As acceleration (g) remains constant throughout, the velocity-time graph is a straight line.
7.
(d) 4s
Explanation: Let l be the length of the inclined plane. Then
I

4
= a(2) and l = at
1

2
2 1

2
2

2
1 t
∴ =
1 4
4

⇒ t
2
= 16 or t = 4s
8.
(c) 15 × 104 ms-2
Explanation: As v2 - u2 = 2as
∴ 1002 - 2002 = 2a × 0.10
or a = 15 × 104 ms-2
9.
(b) 3.75 m
Explanation: Given, the height of tap from the ground, h = 5m
g = 10ms−2
−− −−−−
–
Time is taken by the first drop to reach the ground, t = √ 2h

g
= √
2 × 5

10
= √1 = 1s
1
Now, if the first drop falls at Os, and the second drops at 2
s, then third drop will fall at 1s as they fall on an equal time
intervals.
At t = 1s, distance covered by 2nd drop is,
2
h =
′ 1

2
gt
′2
=
1

2
(10)(
1

2
) =
10

8
= 1.25m
Height of the second drop from the ground, = h − h = 5 - 1.25 = 3.75 m ′

10.
(d) 1 : 4 : 9
Explanation: s ∝ t2
∴ s1 : s2 : s3 = 12 : 22 : 32 = 1 : 4 : 9
11.
(c) 160 km
Explanation: Initial velocity (a) = 20 km/h; Final velocity
(v) = 60 km/h and time (t) = 4 hours.
velocity (v) = 60 = u + at = 20 + (a × 4)
= 10 km/h2
60 − 20
or, a = 4

Therefore distance travelled in 4 hours is s

s = ut + 1

2
at2 = (20 × 4) + 1

2
× 10 × (4)2 = 160 km

12. (a) 3.0 m/s

Explanation: For First Plane
Initial velocity u = 0
Acceleration a = 0.500 m/s​2
Distance covered s = 9.0 m
Final velocity v =?
We know
v2 − u2 = 2as
⇒ v2 − 0 = 2 × 0.500 × 9.0
v2 = 9
⇒ v = 3 m/s
This is the initial velocity for the second plane
13.
3 7
(c) 2
A+
3
B

Explanation: V = At + Bt2 ⇒ = At + Bt2

dx

dt

(At + Bt2)dt
x 2
∴ ∫ dx = ∫
0 1

2 3 2

⇒ x=[ At

2
+
Bt

3
]
1
A B 3 7
⇒ x =
2
(2
2
− 1 )+
2

3
3
(2 − 1 )
3
= 2
A+
3
B

14.
(b) = 1
Explanation: = 1
15.
(b) 74 ms-1
Explanation: For first ball, u = 0
therefore,
1 2 1 2
s1 = gt = × g(18)
2 1 2

For second ball, initial velocity = v

therefore,
s2 = vt2 + g t 1

2
2

t2 = 18 - 6 = 12 s
s2 = v ×12 + 1

2
g(12)
2

Here, s1 = s2
1 2 1 2
g(18) = 12v + (g)(12)
2 2

v = 74 ms-1
h2 h3
16. (a) h1 = 3
=
5

Explanation: For a particle released from a certain height the distance covered by the particle in relation with time is given by,
h= 1

2
gt2
For first 5sec, h1 = 1

2
g(5)2 = 125

Further next 5 sec, h1 + h2 = 1

2
g(10)2 = 500
⇒ h2 = 375

h1 + h2 + h3 = 1

2
g(15)2 = 1125
⇒ h3 = 625
h1 = 3h1, h3 = 5h1
h2 h3
or h1 = 3
=
5

17. (a) 6.61

Explanation: We know that, for a particle moves in a straight line with a constant acceleration ax, its motion is described by
the kinematic equation given by:
1
Δx = (vxi + vxf ) Δt
2

Rearranging it, we have

2Δx
vi = − vf
Δt

Substituting the values of Δx, Δt and vf into this equation, we get

2(40.0m)
vi = − (2.80m/s) = 6.61m/s
8.50s

18.
(c) -31.5
Explanation: Initial velocity, u = 63 m/s
As it stops, so final velocity, v = 0 m/s
 Time t = 2.0 s
We know that, v - u = at
v−u
|⇒ a = t
0−63
⇒ a=
2

2
⇒ a = −31.5 m/s

19.
(b) 26.1 m/s
Explanation: Let the first ball hit the water surface after time t. Then
S = ut + 1

2
ft2
122.5 - 0 1

2
× 9.8 × t2 = 4.9 t2
−−−−
−−
∴ t = √
122.5

4.9
= √25 = 5s
For the motion of the second ball,
122.5 = 4(5 - 2) + 1

2
× 9.8 × (5 - 2)2
⇒ 122.5 = 3u + 44.1
⇒ 3u = 78.4
⇒ u = 26.1 m/s

20. (a) 6 ms-1

Explanation: Let v be the full speed of the man. He catches the bus when his speed becomes equal to the speed of the bus.
Distance = Velocity × time
6 + x = vt
x = Distance travelled by the bus
v = Velocity after time t
s = ut + 1

2
at2
1 3
x=0+ 2
× 3t
2
=
2
t
2

For the bus, v2 - u2 = 2as

v2 = 2 × 3 × x = 6x
(6 + x)2 = v2t2 = 6x × x = 4x2
2
∴
3

⇒ 6 + x = ± 2x
⇒ x = 6m x ≠ - 2

v = √6x = √6 × 6 = 6 ms-1
−− −−−−

21.
−−
−
(c) √gH
Explanation:
H
Let the two bodies A and B respectively meet at a time, at a height 2
ground.

Using S = ut + 1

2
at
2

For a body A, u = V0, a = -g, S = H

∴
H

2
= v0 t −
1

2
gt
2
...(i)
g
For a body B, u = 0, a = + g
,S =
H

∴
H

2
=
1

2
gt
2
...(ii)
Equating equation (i) and (ii) we get
1 2 1 2
V0 t − gt = gt
2 2

V0t = gt2 or t =
V0

g
 Substituting the value of t is equation (i), we get
2 2 2
V0 V0 V V
H 1 0 1 0
= V0 × ( ) − g( ) = −
2 g 2 g V0 2 g

2
V
H 1
or v = gH
0 2
=
2 2 g 0

−−
−
V0 = √gH

22.
(d) 8 m
Explanation:
x = (t - 2)2
v= = 2(t - 2)m/s
dx

dt

= 2(1 - 0) = 2 ms-2
2
d
a= 2
dt

at t = 0, vo = 2(0 - 2) = -4 m/s
at t = 2, v2 = 2(2 - 2) = 0 m/s
at t = 3, v4 = 2(4 - 2) = 4 m/s

Distance = Area between time axis and(v - t) graph

= area ΔOAB + area ΔBCD
= × OB × OA + × BD × C D
1

2
1

= 1

2
× 2 × 4 +
1

2
× 2 × 4

Distance = 8 m

23. (a) -20.0

Explanation:

tA = 0
yA = 50m
m
vA = 20 s

a = -g = -9.80 m

2
s

(vC)2 − (vA)2 = 2a(yC− yA)

With yC = yA we get

(VC)2 = (vA)2
⇒ vC = ± vA
As the motion of the stone is downward, and the”+”sign was assigned for the upward motion,
we get for v C = −vA= −20 m/s.
24.
(b) 2.04
Explanation: Initial velocity is given by , u = 20.0 m/s
At maximum height it will stop, so final velocity is given by , v = 0 m/s
Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s​2
Time taken to reach maximum height is = t
We know that, v = u + at
⇒ 0 = 20 + (−9.8)t
−20
⇒ t = = 2.04 s [g is taken as negative because it is in the opposite direction of motion]
​
​
−9.8

2v(n − 1)
25. (a) n
v − u v − 0
Explanation: a = t
=
n
=
v

Displacement in last 2 s,
sn - sn-2 = 1

2
a
2
−
1

2
a(n - 2)2
= 2a(n - 1) = 2 × (n - 1) v

n
2v(n − 1)
= n

26. (a) 4.08

Explanation: Initial velocity u = 20.0 m/s
At maximum height stone will be stopped,
So final velocity v = 0 m/s
Acceleration due to gravity a = g = -9.8 m/s​2 (-ve Because it is in opposite direction of motion)
Let maximum height = s
We know,
v2 − u2 = 2as
⇒ 02 − (20)2 = 2 × ( − 9.8)s
⇒ − 400 = − 19.6s
−400
⇒ s=
−19.6
= 20.4 m
Time to cover this distance upward is given by
⇒ v − u = at
⇒ 0-20 = (-9.8)t
−20
⇒ t = = 2.04 sec
−9.8

Again to reach the same level from where it has been thrown it has to cover the same distance downward.
For this initial velocity u = 0
s = 20.4 m
a = 9.8 m/s​2 (+ve because motion is in same direction).
So,
⇒ 20.4 = 0 × t + 1

2
× 9.8t2
2 20.4
⇒ t = = 4.16
4.9
−−−
−
⇒ t = √4.16 = 2.04
Total time = 2.04 + 2.04 = 4.08 s
27.
t1 t2
(b)
( t2 + t1 )

Explanation: Let L be the length of the escalator.

Velocity of girl w.r.t. ground vg = L

t1

Velocity of escalator w.r.t. ground ve = L

t2

Effective Velocity of girl on moving escalator with respect to ground = vg + ve = L

t1
+
L

t2
= L[
1

t1
+
1

t2
]

t1 + t2
vge = L [ t1 t2
]
 Time t taken by girl on moving escalator in going up the distance Lis
t1 t2
t= dis tan ce

speed
=
t
L

+t
=
t1 + t2
1 2
L( )
t t
1 2

28. (a) 3.125 ms-2

Explanation: Relative velocity = 115 - 25 = 90 kmh-1
= 90 ×
5

18
ms-1 = 25 ms-1
As v2 - u2 = 2as
02 - 252 = 2a × 100
625
or a = − 200

= -3.125 ms-2
29.
(b) 19.6
Explanation: Ball is under free fall, acceleration will be due to gravity.
Thus ,Initial velocity u is= 0
Time = 2.0 seconds
Acceleration due to gravity, g is= 9.8 ms-2
We know that, S = ut + g t = 0×t + × (9.8) × (2.0)
1

2
2 1

2
2

hence, S= 19.6 m
3

30. (a) (velocity) 2

Explanation: Given distance x = (t + 5)−1

velocity v = dx

dt
= −(t + 5)−2
acceleration a = dv

dt
​= −2(t + 5)−3
3

v ​= −(t + 5)−3
2

acceleration a ∝ (velocity) 2
 Solution

CORE CONCEPTS : KINEMATICS 2D

Class 11 - Physics

1. (a) 90°
Explanation: A⃗ ⋅ B⃗ = 4 × 3 + 4 × 1 − 4 × 4 = 0
⃗
⇒ A ⊥ B
⃗
or θ = 90o
2.
(d) 40 m/s2
Explanation: Here r = 20

π
m , v = 80 ms-1, ω = 0
0

θ= 2 rev = 4π rad
As ω = ω + 2αθ
2 2
0

v 2 a
∴ ( ) = 0 + 2( )θ
r r
2

= 40 ms-2
2 (80)
or a = v

2rθ
=
2×(20/π)×4π

3.
(c) 10.2 m/s

Explanation:

the velocity components at t = 0.50 s are

vx = vox = 9.0m/s
vy = −gt = −9.8 × 0.50 = −4.9m/s
The motorcycle has the same horizontal velocity vx as when it left the cliff at t = 0, but in addition there is a downward
(negative) vertical velocity vy.
The velocity vector at t = 0.50 s is given by ,
^ ^ ^ ^
v ⃗ = vx i + vy j = 9.0 i + (−4.9) j

at t = 0.50 s the velocity has magnitude v is given by,

−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−− −
v = √(v x)
2
+ (vy )
2 2
= √(9.0) + (−4.9)
2

Hence, velocity is v = 10.2 m/s

4.
(d) R = 4H
2 ∘ 2
u sin(2× 45 )
Explanation: R = g
=
u

g
2 2 ∘ 2
u sin 45 u
H = =
2g 4g

∴ R = 4H
5.
(b) polar vector
Explanation: Acceleration due to gravity is a polar vector.
6.
(b) 40 m
Explanation: Initial velocity u = 54 km/h = 15 m/s
Let Final velocity v = 0
Acceleration a = -0.3 m/s​2
 Time taken to stop = t
Using v = u + at
⇒ 0 = 15 + (-0.3)t

⇒ t = 50 sec
It means it has been stopped before 1 minute.
So distance covered in 1 minute is given by
s= ut +1/2 at2
= 15 × 60 + 1/2 × (-0.3) × (60)2
= 360 m
Position of locomotive relative to the traffic lights = 400 - 360 = 40 m
7.
(d) 9 × 1022m/s2
2
6
2 (2.18× 10 )

Explanation: a = v

r
=
−10
m/s
2

0.528×10

9 × 1022m/s2
8.
(d) -4 m/s2
Explanation: x = 5t - 2t2 ⇒ v
dx
x =
dt
= 5 - 4t
dvx
⇒ ax =
dt
= -4
dy
y = 10t ⇒ v y =
dt
= 10

dvy
⇒ ay = = 0
dt

Acceleration of the particle at t = 2s is a = -4m/s2

9.
(c) current
Explanation: Electric current is a scalar quantity. It represents the direction of flow of positive charge but it is treated as a
scalar quantity because current follows the laws of scalar addition and not the laws of vector addition, because the angle
between the wires carrying current does not affect the total current in the circuit.
10.
−
− −
−
(b) √0.11
−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−− −
− −
−
Explanation: √0.5 2 2 2
+ 0.8 + c = 1 or c = √1 − 0.89 = √0.11
11.
(c) r ⃗ is along positive X-axis
Explanation: Let r ⃗ makes an angle θ with the positive x-axis component of r along X-axis.
rx = |r| cos θ

(rx ) = |r|(cos θ)maximum

maximum

rx = |r| cos θ

∘ ∘
= |r| cos 0 = |r| (∴ cos θ is maximum of θ = 0 )

∘
As θ = 0

r⃗ is along positive x-axis

12. (a) associative
Explanation: Vector addition is the operation of adding two or more vectors together into a vector sum. Associative law of
vector addition. The law states that the sum of vectors remains the same irrespective of their order or grouping in which they
are arranged.
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
A + (B + C ) = (A + B) + C

This is known as the associative law of vector addition.

13.
(b) The acceleration of the particle is necessarily in the plane of motion.
Explanation: We know that change in acceleration and velocity is in the direction of Force (F) by F ⃗ = m a⃗ and change in
velocity is zero so acceleration will also be zero and will be in the same planes as that of velocity.
14.
(d) goes on decreasing with height
Explanation: The vertical component goes on decreasing and eventually becomes zero.
15.
(b) 5 m/s2
2
2
2π 4π r
Explanation: a = rw 2
= r(
T
) =
2
T

= 5 m/s2
2 −2
4π ×5× 10
=
2
(0.2π)

16.
(d) remains same
Explanation: Because there is no acceleration or retardation along the horizontal direction, the hence horizontal component of
velocity remains same.
17.
(c) periodic but not simple harmonic
Explanation: Circular motion with constant speed is periodic but not simple harmonic.
18.
(b) 75 m/s
Explanation: Initial velocity, u = 150 m/s
Angle θ = 30 ∘

Vertical component is given by

∘ 1
vy = usinθ = 150sin30 = 150 ×
2

= 75 m/s
19.
(c) normal to each other
Explanation: Velocity is along the tangent to the circular path and acceleration vector is along the radius.
20.
1
(b) tan −1

Explanation: At θ = 45°,
2 2 ∘ 2
u sin 45 u
y = =
2g 4g
2 ∘ 2
1 u sin 90 u
x = ⋅ =
2 g 2g
y 1
∴ tan β = =
x 2

−1 1
⇒ β = tan ( )
2

21. (a) 4.7 m

Explanation: The motorcycle’s x- and y-coordinates at t=0.50 s are given by ;

x = vox t = 9.0 × 0.50 = 4.5 m

1 1
y=− 2
gt
2
=− 2
× 9.8 × (0.50)
2
= -1.2m
The negative value of y shows that the motorcycle is below its starting point.
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−− −
The motorcycle’s distance from the origin is given by , r = √x 2 2 2
+ y = √(4.5) + (−1.2)
2
= 4.7 m
22.
π
(d) 2

Explanation: A⃗ + B⃗ = C ⃗
 ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
∴ (A + B) ⋅ (A + B) = C ⋅ C

⃗ 2 ⃗ 2 ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ 2
|A| + |B| + 2|A∥B| cos θ = |C |

cos θ = 0
π
or θ = 2

23. (a) 3.5

Explanation: The trajectory of a projectile is given by
2
gx
y = x tan θ − 2 2
2u cos θ

For identical trajectories of the same angle of projection,

8

2
= constant
u
2 2
gp up
3
∴ = ⇒ gp = ( ) × 9.8
g 2 5
e ue

= 3.528 ms-2 = 3.5 ms-2

24.
(c) normal acceleration
Explanation: Because the body is revolving in a circle with constant speed, hence acceleration acting on it is exactly
perpendicular to the direction of its motion, i.e., the body possesses normal acceleration.
25.
(c) range of projectile
Explanation: range of projectile
26.
(d) 3.1 s
Explanation: Initial Velocity, vo = 20 ms-1 and θ = 50 ∘

∘
2vo sinθ
Time of flight = g
=
2×20×sin50

9.8
= 3.1 s

27.
(d) ^j × k
^ ^
= i

Explanation: In a clockwise system,

^ ^ ^
i × j = k , ^j × k
^
= i and k × i = j
^ ^ ^ ^

And ^i × ^i = ^j × ^j = k
^
× k = 0
^

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
i ⋅ i = j ⋅ j = k ⋅ k =1
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
i ⋅ j = j ⋅ k = k ⋅ i =0
Therefore, the right option is ^j × k
^ ^
= i

28. (a) maybe a vector

Explanation: Time, pressure, surface tension, current, etc., are some such physical quantities which have direction but are not
vectors. Hence, a physical quantity having a direction may or may not be a vector.
29.

30.
(b) (b) 2 s

Explanation: y = (u sin θ)t − 1

2
gt
2

– √3 1 2
40 = 20√ 3 × t − × 10 × t
2 2

5t2 - 30t + 40 = 0
t2 - 6t + 8 = 0
⇒ t = 2s or 4s
Explanation: