de NO. 4 Of different Solutions usii i sere Susing a digital pH meter, | Aim To determing the py Apparatus and Chemicals ro, 'a8s) electrode, testin, » testing samples, beak coe alves 4,10, distilled water, glassstine ‘he pH i i The pH isa scale Yanging from 0 - 14 to measure th : re the ensen. The pH indicates ae Hoaity or alkalinity of a solution, ‘drogen ion concentration of any hm of hydrogen ion concentration, PH = log [H*] or PH = log m mh f i where [H*] represents hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter. The pH solution can be deter ' f by pH ee of universal indicators, These are vii ‘ ‘sual methods of determining pH of a solution, However, for accurate measurement of pH, an instrument called PH meter is generally employed. The PH meter works on the principle of potential difference. An acidic solution has more positive charge (H' ion) than an alkaline solution and thus has a greater potential to produce current than an alkaline solution, The pH meter consists of a glass indicator electrode and a reference electrode. The glass electrode is sensitive to hydrogen ion concentration of the sample solution. The reference electrode is a standard electrode and has constant potential. The reference electrode does not respond to test sample solutions. The pH meter measures the potential difference betweer glass pH electrode and reference electrode. The pH probes of the modern pH meters are 0 combined type, in which glass and reference electrodes are placed into a rod-like structure When a pH probe is dipped in an acidic solution, the H’ ions move closer to the sensitiv glass membrane of the glass bulb on the outer side. Inside the bulb is filled with a buff solution of neutral pH. The H’ ions present inside the bulb also move closer to the gla: membrane on the inside of the bulb, which results in difference in hydrogen io: concentration across the membrane causing potential difference. When H concentrati inside the glass bulb is less than the outside sample solution then the given solntionis sy having pH less than 7. When H’ concentration across the membrane is the same then sample solution is neutral and has pH equal to 7.26 Fig. P. 10 Determination of pH value using pH meter; "Adapted from amrita.olabs.edu.in,. (2013). Determination of pH] Procedure : Calibration of instrument 1. Switch on the Digital pH meter and allow it to warm up for some time. 2. Prepare standard buffer solutions by dissolving pH 4 and PH 10 buffer tablets ia 100 ml distilled water taken in two clean and dry beakers, 3. Note the temperature of the solution, adjust the temperature controller of the pH meter to that of the sample temperature. This temperature adjustment should be done (if instrument provided with manual temperature control), if automatic control is provided in the instrument, keep the temperature Probe in one of the standard buffer (pH = 4) solutions prepared above, 4. Insert the electrode assembly in the same beaker, read pH and adjust “set buffer” control until meter reading matches with the standard known PH of solution, 5. Take out the electrode assembly, rinse with distilled water, gently pat the electrode Probe with soft tissue paper. 6. Keep cleaned electrode assembly in the second beaker containing standard buffer (pH = 10) solution, 7. Adjust pH on pH meter if it does not match with the standard buffer value of pH 10. 8. Remove electrode assembly, rinse with distilled water, pH Measurement Immerse the clean electrode in the test sample and read the PH value from the instrument.The electrode should b < should be kept immersed for at least 30 seconds or more till the reading display gets stabilized. Take out the clectrode, rinse with distilled water and keephe fag beaker Containing distilled water, Put the solector awiteh to hare for all samples one by one, taken in difforent beakers. H Zero position and repeat Record pH values in pa tabular form. Do not wipe the electrodes, as this may result in polarization of the electrode. Note pH value from instrument only when the display gets stabilized. Rinse the pH electrode with demineralised water, and pat dry lightly with tissue paper before putting in some other solution. Calibrate the instrument with at least two standard buffer solutions, Avoid temperature fluctuations and exposure of pH meter to direct sunlight,