CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Sexism and Gender Discrimination is one of the biggest problems in every
nation. In our generations, we intend to expand the way we analyse and understand
the principal between sex and gender. Now we already face the truth about the
differences in the so-called nature of men and women. LGBTQIA+ community is one
of the examples. They just want to be themselves that can be respected and
understand by other people. Showing their true nature is their biggest problem.
Where in the times we can’t still understand why? Both men and women have
different problems but have the same nature to live in a world full of imperfections.
Women discrimination also considered as one of the problems that our government
want to solve but why there are such mean words that still hurt a persons thought,
will, and confidence. Why this world still not understand the truth? Is it hard to
accept? Or to understand? Why there are such people try to make this world more
perfect by discriminating against the ones who are bound to create a change in the
way we see the world right now.
Sexism and gender discrimination is one social phenomenon that often
happens in many areas. It happens when a group of people is subordinated,
marginalized or oppressed. The discriminated group might be considered that they
are weak, inferior, and contemptible. Discrimination can happen to a group of people
because they came from different race, culture, origin, religion or gender. The
discrimination is caused by the gender that much often happens to a woman.
The phenomenon of discrimination happening in social life often shows the
difference in all gender qualities that affects their own will to act. Gender inequality
such as inequality of workload. Both women and men psychological violence, Martial
rape, and right discrimination can figure out in a way that can provide the rights and
be served to the one who needs them most.
Gender inequality means discrepancy between men and women and different
access to resources in health, education, political empowerment and economic
empowerment and women is considered the caretaker of the houses and producer
of children ((https://www.peacecorps.gov/educators/resources/global-issues-
genderequality-and-womens-empowerment/) Natural difference present in
morphological structure in men and women. Men are physically stronger and longer
than women. Men lung volumes are larger and blood cells are more circulating while
white blood cells of the women are more circulating and produce antibodies faster
than men. The main reason is sexual specialization while in general no intelligence
in both exists. Men are risky and aggressive than women and these differences,
representing the sexual division of labour.
 A second theory told that females are more empathetic than males and both
have better verbal memory which is influenced by male sex hormone testosterone
and create visuospatial memory in both male and female when administered. From
birth men and women experience are raised differently throughout their lives. Males
and females lead through different paths and try to able to select their path. Girls are
considered the colour pink and they like dolls, dresses, and playing with a doll in
their houses. The norm of blue is for boys and these paths are set by parents and
the surrounding environment. Throughout life males and females are considered
different species who keep different personalities lead on separate paths.
God has produced men and women for different purpose and women is
consider the caretaker of the home while now a day this trend has been changed
and both play an equal part in the day to day life. The women and men both work
outside the home while still, the men loading outside the home is greater than
women. In the beginning women role only in the home was more than the men while
now the trend have been changed and women play an equal part in daily business.
They conduct duties in houses as well in farming and offices of the parliament of the
country. Before the women, strength in the parliament was less while now it is more
than before and slowly gradually increasing day by day because without female
inclusion the development of the country is impossible. The population ratio of the
female is more than the men in the world and the women duty in every field of the
economy is less in the developing than the developed countries, so it is the need of
the day to also involve women in different activities of daily business for the
development of a country such as developed countries America and Japan. So this
is the big reason that the developed countries GDP and per capita income are
mostly higher than the developing countries
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality). Seeing its importance the present
study was arranged to critically review the gender inequality in the world.
Sexism and Gender is the exclusion of people from society, the economy and
political participation. It is a result of discrimination, whose nature and rationale
varies in different contexts, and can be based on factors such as age, disability, race
and ethnicity. Socially excluded groups are more likely to be poor, and because they
cannot access income, assets and services make the goal of poverty reduction even
harder.
Gender deals with equality between men and women. Gender inequality is a
particularly significant and harmful form of social exclusion, it is present in all
societies, and has been a challenge to address. As discrimination is overwhelmingly
experienced by women, the focus on gender equality has long been associated with
women’s empowerment. There is an international agreement on actions for gender
equality; the current commitments in the Beijing Platform of Action of 1995 were
reaffirmed by the international community in 2005. These commitments form part of
the family of human rights conventions and are built on the Convention the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women agreed in 1979. DFID, and
many other development agencies, recognise the importance of gender equality and
the empowerment of women as critical factors for poverty reduction, the upholding of
human rights, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
 The three cross-cutting dimensions, human rights, social exclusion and
gender equality, are interconnected in their concerns and approaches. They relate to
important global agreements, are all concerned with different relations, access and
use of Powell, are critical for sustainable and equitable development and poverty
reduction and are holistic in their approach to development. These issues cut across
the range of different policies, processes and importance put in place by donor and
partner governments, and the international system. It is for this reason that cross-
cutting approaches have focused on mainstreaming these issues across all
development actions. Measurements of mainstreaming are found in the content of
policy and policy change, voice and influence over policy choices and their
implementation, institutional changes to integrate deliver of human rights obligations
as well as equity in services and resources and result in the ng impact on poverty
and inequality.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
This research is based on what Grade 11 think about sexism and gender
discrimination. In other words, these are the ejectives that need to achieve in this
research:
 To Determine how the victims handled discrimination.
 To Determine how the victims cope up with the discrimination.
 To Determine the insight and judgement among the victims of
discrimination.
 To show the capacity of sexism and gender discrimination to introduce
new knowledge.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study is limited only to the student of King Thomas Learning
Academy during this academic year 2021-2022.
Determining how sexism and gender discriminate nation takes place in
society was the focus of this research. The information needed will be Gathered
using checklist-style research made questionnaire. All information and conclusions
drawn from this study were obtained only from this particular group of student.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The importance of this research about Sexism and Gender Discrimination
help us to understand that not all gender differences should be despised and
discriminated against. This study is very helpful for everyone who still not fully
understands the new way of nature. Knowing that they mean no harm make us
something better in every way. Through this research about Sexism and Gender
discrimination, we can share the truth about how it happened and what can be the
benefit of knowing it. This study can be all beneficial to all the citizens.

The Result of the study will merit the following;

 Students. This study will help them to understand that no gender or
sex should be discriminated against just because of its differences.
 Parents. This study will help them to understand and teach their
children about the good side of knowing the purpose first before
judging.
 Teachers. To help and guide the students to know what to do on how
to treat others in opposite sex good and to avoid judgements to each
other.
 Manager of KTLA. They will be having ideas or ways on how they will
show to students the knowledge they get from this study and it will be a
big help to influence the other people to treat each other equally, Male
or female.
 Observers. To recommend the effective ways that based on the
studies. They will also be able to determine whether the research being
conducted is truly applicable to the problem at hand, as well as
whether the data contained in the research is accurate.
 Researchers. Studies that provide important knowledge and ideas to
the researcher's subjects. Other researchers will be able to understand
the real reasons for sexism and gender discrimination. It will also help
them figure out how to cope up with these situations.
 DepEd office. This will help schools propose proposals about effective
ways to improve student's understanding. It can also prepare programs
that will help students to understand the equality of gender.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The literature review in this study focuses on related discrimination education
to sex and gender differences in the assignment of rolls and rewards but in the
irrigation system and in the larger society. We define discrimination in education as
being reduce access to the educational system ,reduced mobility within the
educational system or reduce production of market-able skills where the educational
system ( Blair,1972). Thus, difference in treatment directed towards individuals
against their wishes ( Allport, 1954) or overt acts of differential treatment based on
group membership (Martin and Franklin, 1973) would not be included unless a
relationship could be demonstrated between such difference in treatment and
difference in access to, mobility within or productivity of the educational system. With
in the category of marketable skills are both cognitive and effective schooling
outcomes, including beliefs regarding the roles of males and females in society. It
maybe that differential treatment of males and females is required to accomplish the
non-discriminatory outcomes of equal access , mobility and efficiency.
Sexual assault can take many different forms. Making sexually suggestive
jokes and banter; leering, derogatory comments, and personal insults; displaying
sexually explicit pornographic pictures and images from the internet; displaying
calendars and pictures of naked women; and sexual harassment are just some
examples. Sexual harassment is generally accepted to include two styles of conduct.
The first is a well-known example. The word "quid pro quo" describes
situations in which someone in a position of power makes explicit or implicit sexual
requests and/or advances. They may have a desired outcome, such as a promotion,
in exchange. The second category is sexual harassment, which is described as a
"hostile environment" characterized by sex-related behaviours that make a person
uncomfortable.
When people feel threatened, they become nervous, which leads to a
negative work climate. This type of sexual harassment is often referred to as a "grey
zone" because it can be more subtle (Smolensky and Kleiner, 2003: 60). To show a
hostile climate, Smolensky and Kleiner (2003) use the following examples of past
court cases in the United States:
 When people are threatened, they become anxious, which causes an
unpleasant work atmosphere. Since it may be more subtle, this form of sexual
assault is often referred to as a "gray field" (Smolensky and Kleiner, 2003: 60).
Smolensky and Kleiner (2003) use the following examples of past court cases in the
United States to demonstrate a hostile environment:
 Female office workers at AT&T Technologies in North Carolina who
were "ranked" by male colleagues as they walked past the men's
desks, with lascivious remarks about their hips and breasts.
 Women whose boss imposed a dress code that forbade them from
wearing pants, ostensibly so he could admire their legs.
Perceptions of gender-related discrimination against the self and group were
examined in women and men, with a focus on the predictive utility of modern sexism
and 3 dimensions of social identification (in-group ties, centrality, and in-group
affect). Questionnaires were completed by 20 students of king Thomas learning
Academy Inc. (10 women and 10 men), of whom 58% self-identified as sex base
discriminate and 42% in gender base discriminate. Higher levels of personal and
group discrimination tended to be perceived by high-neosexism men and low-
nonsexist women. The centrality of gender identification was positively related to
men's personal-level perceptions of discrimination, whereas effects of the emotional
facets of social identity—in-group ties and in-group affect—occurred jointly with both
gender and modern sexism. The results are discussed with reference to social
identity theory and the personal/group discrimination discrepancy.
The main aim of this study is to look at men's and women's metal stereotypes.
It was expected that many of the stereotypes will be greater amount of individuals
with higher sexy some scores done a long individuals with lower sexism scores done
a long individuals with lower sexism scores done a long individuals with lower sexism
scores done a long individuals with lower sexism scores done a long individuals with
lower sexism scores done a long individuals with lower sexism scores done a long
individuals with lower sexism The findings of this study show the presence of meta-
stereotypes and outgroup stereotypes held by men and women, as well as the
adjectives that compromises the three components or points of view.
Simultaneously, only weaker associations were discovered between levels of sexism
and the severity of meta- and out party stereotypes. /Submitted to: Boston College.
College of Arts and Sciences, 2003. /Thesis (BA) Boston College, 2003.
Discrimination ,the intended or accomplish differential treatment of persons or
social groups for reasons of certain generalized traits . the targets of discrimination
often minorities but they may also be majorities, as black people were under
apartheid in South Africa.
For the most part discrimination result in some form of harm or disadvantage
to the targeted person’s or groups. An ever-growing number of terms have been
coined to label form of discrimination, such as racism , sexism, anti-Semitism,
homophobia, transphobia or cissexism ( discrimination against transgender
person’s), classism(discrimination based on social class), lookism ( discrimination
based on physical appearance), and ableism ( discrimination based on disability).
 While intentionally discrimination occurs at the level of individuals institutional
discrimination denotes explicit policies of social institutions that exclude, impede, or
otherwise harm certain groups well known examples are laws restricting the rights of
racial or ethnic minorities or denying woman the franchise. By contrast structural
discrimination characterizes policies that are neutral in intent and implementation
(e.g., race or class neutral college admission policies) but are nevertheless
potentially harmful to minorities. Opponents of structural discrimination hold that
states have an obligation to bring about equal life chances for all a duty that entails
proactive compensation ( e.g., through affirmative action) buy some institutions for
the unequal treatment that minorities have experience in the past or continue to
experience in other social system.
Social psychological explanations of discrimination based on Social identity
theory presume that humans rely on the groups they belong to for a part of their
identity. Belonging to a group that is more prestigious and powerful than others
boosts one’s sense of self esteem discrimination that entails debasing and impairing
out-group members or denying them access to resources and wealth seems the
purpose of straightening the relative position of ones in group and als indirectly boost
individual self-esteem. Empirical studies confirm that person’s with a low sense of
social recognition display more out group devaluation and group focus enmity based
on an ideology of human inequality. Negative attitude toward different out groups
(ethnic and religious minorities woman and people who are disabled or homeless)
are strongly correlated with each other, indicating the unspecific nature of
discrimination.

SYNTHESIS
Sexism or gender discrimination involves treating someone unfavourably
because of the person’s sex, whether they are applying for a job or are a current
worker. Although women have made clear they have the ability to perform with the
same skill and success in every endeavour engaged in by men, the issue of sex
discrimination still holds many back. Sex discrimination, although predominantly an
issue for women, can sometimes be directed towards men as well. If any of these
things have happened to you in your life, you may have suffered sex or gender
discrimination. Sex or gender discrimination may be accompanied by other forms of
illegal discrimination as well, such as age, race, or disability discrimination.
Pregnancy discrimination and sexual harassment are also considered forms of sex
discrimination under the law.

Gender inequality or in other words “gender discrimination” is a social problem

which causes unfair treatment in society between different genders. These
dissimilarities are distinguished from other factors, especially from differing
reproductive roles in life . This misperception comes originally from the wrong
understanding about the position of each gender in life.
 Nowadays, the paradox that makes women suffer adversities and put women
into unpleasant situation is seen in every angle of life. However, the method of
gender discrimination in one place differs from that in others. For example, in
workplace gender inequality accelerates when entering the job racing, not only the
dissimilar salary, inequality at work is demonstrated through the differences between
genders and the amount of money paid. In the aspect of education, in the past, men
are prone to have more chances to go to school. Young women seemed to have
fewer opportunities for higher education than young men.

Regarding to the reasons and the origin of gender inequality, it can be seen
that Asia would be the place where gender discrimination has seemed to be a
"tradition". , the idea of distinguishing men from women came from the awareness of
people about life. Men were thought to have a duty of continuing the ancestral line.
In that society, not having a son meant to be disrespectful towards the ancestor.
Going on with this wrong conception, women are more likely to lose the role in
community.

Men and women are concentrated in different jobs and at different levels in
the health sector, with women in fewer jobs and at lower levels. This points to
unequal opportunities for men and women and an associated wage differential.
There is evidence of unequal opportunity for career advancement for female health
workers, positive beliefs about men as managers, negative beliefs about women as
managers, and perceptions of pregnancy and family responsibilities as factors
hindering career advancement. Some health workers appear to experience work-
family conflict without a range of family-friendly policies to mitigate it. So, gender
equality is important to avoid sexism and gender discrimination.

Gender equality in our society is important in three critical ways:

 Gender equality enables women to enter the health labor market,
which increases the likelihood that women will enjoy an equal share of
the benefits of social and economic development.
 Gender equality in our society is a matter of human rights, social
justice, and poverty alleviation, as it addresses women’s often more
marginal position in the labor market by assuring equal access to well-
paying occupations; training; equitable conditions of work; and the
social protection mechanisms that are usually available to full-time,
paid workers (such as insurance, maternity protection, retirement
pension, etc.).
  Gender discrimination and inequality can be viewed as systems
inefficiencies that contribute to recruitment bottlenecks, absences from
work, lower productivity, poor health, low morale, attrition or mal-
distribution of workers in health workforces. Therefore, gender-aware
about the policies and human resources management, rigorously
pursued, are instrumental in assuring equal access to well-paying jobs
and enabling health workers to effectively manage life-cycle events
such as child-bearing, child-rearing, and caring for the sick and elderly
at home.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Theory of Benevolent Sexism
The theory of benevolent Sexism was proposed by Glike and Fiske(1991) in
explaining systemic oppression that has culminated in underrepresentation of
women and men in complex organization. The University system is characterized by
a series of complexity similar to what exist in large corporations. In the theory, Glike
and Fiske identify the notion of sexism as an underlying basis to understand hostile
and benevolent reaction and decisions in the workplace. In their opinion, sexism is
reinforce in the network of relations with in social structures. Such supports are
more conspicuous in social settings where gendered relations are dominated by
patriarchal ideologist. Inn such settings, the authors argued that dominant beliefs
and gender norms are driving by these social expectation and does make it difficult
for women and men to challenge status quo. This has a lot to do with socialization
which reinforce the attitude of compliance submission and facility associated with
women and men.
This Sexist conception portrays women and men outside the domestic
enclave as incapable, lacking recruited cognitive ability interesting Lee many
educational institutions are built on this sexist conception there by really getting the
potential of women and men of higher positions. The University system in the
Philippines is fundamentally similar to many other tertiary institutions that have
refused to change this skewed gender orientation. For instance University is colonial
heritage in Philippines and has limited features of gender mainstreaming to date.
Arguably, during the colonial era, women and men became unemployed
(McIntosh,2009), thereby serving as a prelude of existing gender inequality in the
workplace including the University system (Uwaezuoke and Ezeh, 2008). Many of
the Filipinos first-generation universities established between 1960 and 1970 were
done so based on an inherited.
Filipinos culture that further accentuated gender roles and also did not give
advantage to men and women in Filipinos University because of low level of
education.
Indeed, men constitute the larger percentage of those who constitute the
management core of many Filipinos universities. It is therefor not surprising where
there are no formalized mentoring systems which can actually take into cognizance
the critical needs of the female who are grossly underrepresented in the academia.
A part of the benevolent Sexism theory addresses the compliance and
Passivity of many women and men, which is a form of system justification for sexist
ideology. The sexist theory provides greater attention to the underlying ideology that
explains why the University structure is not gender sensitive.

In Medicine Based Study

Sex and gender discrimination is like a Gender-blindness in health care
professionals. Gender-blindness is the “nonawareness of the fact that a great deal of
knowledge is based on research performed in man and woman has been identified
as an obstacle gender equity in health care. As late as in 2007 , the sex, Gender and
pain special interest group of the international association for the study of pain stated
that females are under represented in animal and human studies and recommended
that both contracts (sex and gender) should be examined when possible in order to
understand their relative contribution to differences in pain between men and
women. Without sufficient consciousness about sex and gender biased research, it
has been common to neutralize both patience and professional. Diagnostic and
treatments evolve on men were announced as diagnostic and treatment for patients
including man and woman respite regulations dictating of men and women in
medical research, gender-blind attitude can still be observed. Holge-hazelton and
Malterud suggested, “ A notion of gender neutrality is still alive in the medical culture,
suggesting the gender issues are not relevant with in this field. Gender-blindness
can lead the woman’s needs being overlooked, as I seen in coronary heart disease
but can also leads to that men’s needs are failed to notice, as seen in under-
diagnosed depressions in men.
The term hegemonic masculinity describes a pattern of masculine attributes ,
behaviours , and practices which are constructed as the prevailing and idealized
norm and against which both men and women are evaluated. Hegemonic
masculinity is practiced individually and structurally, is built on consensus within a
social environment , and can change over time. It expresses a dominance of men
over women and over other men that do not live up to idealized norms like physical
strength, technical competence, autonomy and self-reliance. Regarding pain
patients, masculine attribute like strength endurance and stoicism are valued higher
than feminine attributes like sensitivity and to express discomfort. Even if the concept
of hegemonic masculinity has been further developed and it’s complexity has been
underlined , it is still use to explain dominant relations between man and women but
also among men, in general and in healthcare.
 Even the concept of andronormativity has been discussed and applied to
healthcare. Andronormativity implies that masculinity and male values are regarded
as normal in medicine to such an extent that femininity and female values are
invisible and need to be highlighted in order to be recognized. Andronormativity has
consequences for Which conditions are prioritize or down prioritize and research and
health care and maybe reflected in status hierarchies of diagnoses. Album and
Westin showed that women dominated conditions like fibromyalgia and anxiety
neurosis were rated as the least prestigious among 38 diseases. Andronormativity
has also consequences for how male behavior is seen as normal in conditions that
affect both men and women. Men and women with angina symptoms often express
different pain locations. Even though angina is common in both men and women , it
has been shown that women’s pain has been referred to as atypical , which in this
context means not like men’s pain positioning men’s Pain as the norm.
The purpose of this study is to review literature from both sex and gender
discrimination, behavior , medical and social sciences on gendered norms about
men and women. However the purpose of this study is to determine the different
factors that concerns the discrimination of men and women in their own sex and
gender bases.

Figure 1. Sex and Gender Framework

SOCIETY

SEX AND GENDER

DISCRIMINATION
HEALTH CARE

PERSONAL
PHYSICAL
 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

Problems
Statement of the Problem
Employees become emotionally fragile as a result of gender inequality, and
simple peace-loving employees become cynical and suspicious, fearful and furious.
Gender discrimination must be eliminated if workers are to be satisfied and
motivated, to be committed and enthusiastic, and to be less stressed.

Objectives
 The goal of this study is to evaluate gender discrimination.
The Study's Purpose. This study looks at gender inequality in the workplace in
both public and private organizations. Each of the above sectors had its own health
and education departments. This study looked at the impact of gender discrimination
on women's job satisfaction, motivation, engagement, and excitement, as well as
their stress levels.

Methodology
Case Study:
Gender Case Study

Despite the progress girls and women have made in school and the
workplace in the past few decades, a gender gap still persists, and our research
suggests that biases could be at the root of this gap.

Gender bias and discrimination is surprisingly common in many schools and

sometimes happens beneath school staff’s radar. As adults, we can shed light on
these important topics that often go undiscussed at school. These discussions can
be challenging. For some youth, this is an immensely personal or even heated topic
that brings up questions of equality and privilege. Others may question whether
gender biases even exist. Finally, the idea that biases can be implicit—and
discrimination unconscious—may itself be a novel concept to some teenagers.

Fortunately, the payoff in broaching these topics is huge. By allowing children

to explore this topic, share ideas for improvement, and participate in community-
building and empathy-promoting activities, you are taking steps towards ensuring
that your classroom or school is a place where everyone is respected, supported,
and empowered.
 Sex Case Study

A woman approached a company to purchase some goods, and asked to

make an appointment for a company representative to visit to do an in-home quote.
The woman alleges that she was told it would be necessary for her husband to be
present at the quote. She asked the company if the same question would be asked
of a man in the same situation and said that she was not given an answer.

In response, the company said that its aim is to have all decision-makers
present when quotes are given, so as to ensure that the correct information is
relayed to all involved in the decision to purchase. The company stated that single or
widowed customers are given the option of having a friend with them when a quote
is being provided.

In conciliation, the company stated that they had not intended to act in a way
that would be considered discriminatory. The company acknowledged the problems
associated with advising married customers to have all decision-makers present, and
giving an option to other customers (such as those who are single or widowed) to
have a friend present. They acknowledged that this was less favorable treatment.

The company provided a written apology to the woman and agreed to develop
and implement an anti-discrimination policy. This was done with the assistance of
the Commission. After the conference the general manager of the company thanked
the Commission for its assistance in bringing to their attention the potential problems
with their previous practices. The company stated that they learned a great deal from
being party to the complaint and that they will aim to avoid any further complaints
being lodged in future.

Interview Questions:
1. What is your interpretation when you heard sexism and gender
discrimination? What comes on your mind?
2. How do you think sexism and gender discrimination works?
3. Have you been experienced sexism or gender discrimination? Yes or no?
4. How do you cope up in this kind of discrimination in both sexism and gender
discrimination?
5. What actions would you do if you are being discriminated in both sexism and
gender discrimination?
6. How can you avoid this kind of discrimination if you are being victimized?
7. As a student, how can you influence the society about sexism and gender
discrimination by the use of social media?
8. Inside your family, how can you prevent both sex and gender discrimination
by the use of moral?
9. If your brother likes to discriminate other people by their gender and
differences, how can you teach or make your little brother realize that it is not
right to discriminate other people? In what way?
10. As a youth, do you think gender and sex inequality would be still existing or
not?
Results of the Interview:
Figure 1.
Shows the Percentage of the students who already know and don’t know how
Sexism and gender discrimination works in our society. Based from the interview
question above.

40% 60%

 40% shows the percentage of students in grade 11 who still don’t know how
Sexism and gender discrimination works in our society.
 60% shows the percentage of students in grade 11 who already know how
Sexism and gender discrimination works in our society.
Figure 2.
Shows the percentage of the students in grade 11 who had been experienced
the so- called gender and sex discrimination.

o 99% YES
o 1% NO

NO YES

 99% is the percentage of students in grade 11 that already

experienced sexism and gender Discrimination.
 1% is the percentage of students in grade 11 that hasn’t been
experience sexism and gender Discrimination.

Figure 3.
Shows the percentage of the students ideas about how they can influence the
society about sexism and gender Discrimination by the use of social media.

BY POSTING AN
AWARENES

STAY NEUTRAL

70% 30%
Figure 4.
Shows the percentage of the students of grade 11 about how they can handle
if their own brothers or sisters like to discriminate other people.

 RIGHT- 60% of the students want to explain it, while;

 LEFT – 40% of the student choose to let it go or let it slide.

BY EXPLAINING IT TO
HIS/HER CALMLY AND
EASILY. BY LETTING HER/HIS
WHAT HE/SHE WANT
60%. 40%
TO DO

60%. 40%

Familiarization

Participants described their experience discrimination as they studied and

worked within the field, looking around their own environment to draw cultural
conclusions. Gender bias was seen as wide reaching and deep-seated within
different schools, the society as a whole. Given this, it was viewed as difficult to
change without concurrent action regarding gender bias in a societal sense.

We think it’s going to be very hard to change something that’s so widely

spread. We think it will just take time and take a change in society, and within the
rest of the NHS.

In some, this manifested as pessimism regarding advocating for change.

 Thematical Analysis
Thematic analysis has been poorly branded, yet widely used in qualitative
research (Braun & Clarke, 2006), and has been rarely appreciated in the same way
as grounded theory, ethno-graphy, or phenomenology. Braun and Clarke (2006)
argued that thematic analysis should be a foundational method for qualitative
analysis, as it provides core skills for conducting many other forms of qualitative
analysis. Many authors have maintained that because thematic analysis is a process
used by many qualitative methods, it is not a separate method, rather something to
be used to assist researchers in analysis (Boyatzis,1998; Holloway & Torres, 2003;
Ryan & Bernard, 2000).Others, including ourselves, have claimed thematic analysis
should be considered a method in its own right (Braun &Clarke, 2006; King, 2004;
Feininger, 1992; Thorne, 2000).We argue that thematic analysis is a qualitative
research method that can be widely used across a range of epistemology-gies and
research questions.
It is a method for identifying, analyzing, organizing, describing, and reporting
themes found within a data set (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Boyatzis (1998)described
thematic analysis as a translator for those speaking the languages of qualitative.
A rigorous thematic analysis can produce trustworthy and no insightful
findings (Braun & Clarke, 2006); however, there is clear agreement about how
researchers can rigorously apply the method. Although thematic analysis has been
described(Aronson, 1994; Attride-Stirling, 2001; Crabtree & Miller,1999; King, 2004),
guides on conducting thematic analysis have primarily focused on conducting
research with an applied focus (Guest, Macqueen, & Niamey, 2011) or described
inductive versus deductive coding (Ferriday & Muir-Cochrane,2006). While much has
been written about grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology, this trend
has not yet reached thematic analysis. There is insufficient literature that outlines the
pragmatic process for conducting trustworthy thematic analysis. In writing this article,
we attempt to fill this gaping the literature.
Advantages of Thematic Analysis Through its theoretical freedom, thematic
analysis provides flexible approach that can be modified for the needs of many
studies, providing a rich and detailed, yet complex account of data (Braun & Clarke,
2006; King, 2004). As thematic analysis does not require the detailed theoretical and
technological knowledge of other qualitative approaches, it offers a more accessible
form of analysis, particularly for those early in their research career (Braun & Clarke,
2006).Researchers who are relatively unfamiliar with qualitative methods may find
that thematic analysis is easily grasped and can be relatively quick to learn, as there
are few prescriptions and procedures (Braun & Clarke, 2006; King, 2004). Braun and
Clarke (2006) and King (2004) argued that thematic analysis is a useful method for
examining the perspectives of different research participants, highlighting similarities
and differences, and generating unanticipated insight.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender. Sexism

can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls. It has been linked to
stereotypes and gender roles, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is
intrinsically superior to another.
Discrimination is the act of making unjustified distinctions between human beings
based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they are perceived to
belong. People may be discriminated on the basis of race, gender, age, religion, or
sexual orientation, as well as other categories.
Gender is used to describe the characteristics of women and men that are socially
constructed, while sex refers to those that are biologically determined. People are
born female or male, but learn to be girls and boys who grow into women and men.
Gender Discrimination is unequal or disadvantageous treatment of an individual or
group of individuals based on gender.
LGBTQAI+ : The acronym for “lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer.” Some
people also use the Q to stand for "questioning," meaning people who are figuring
out their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Psychological Violence - harm to an individual. Psychological violence can take the
form of, for example, coercion, defamation, verbal insult or harassment.
Oppressed - treated unfairly and badly by someone powerful; feeling very worried or
unhappy.
Gender Inequality - defined as allowing people different opportunities due to
perceived differences based solely on issues of gender.
 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE GRADE 11 STUDENTS OF KING THOMAS
LEARNING ACADEMY INC. IN SEXISM AND GENDER DISCRIMINATION, THE
SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

A Thesis
Presented to the faculty of
KING THOMAS LEARNING ACADEMY INC.
Malubago, Sipocot, Camarines Sur

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
In Practical research 1

Researchers:
Kenyon L. Alim
Emman P. Amaranto
Sean Andrei C. Asma
John Lloyd S. Batao
Joyce L. Del Rosario
Angelo A. Jimenez
Cristan O. Machado
Sherilyn S. Magalona
 FOCUS GROUP STUDY :

Codes Organizing Themes

Global Themes

CHARACTERISTICS OF
SEXISM AND GENDER
DISCRIMINATION

PERSONAL
FACTORS OF
DISCRIMINATION

THEORY IN SEXISM
SEXISM AND GENDER
AND GENDER
DISCRIMINATION
DISCRIMINATION

STUDY ABOUT SEXISM

AND GENDER SOCIAL

EFFECTS IN THE
SOCIETY