When a machin sends a data, it will be

all the others. An address field

associated wi receivea 1.09

specifies for which destination It is sent.

the Advantages
Asra
Topologies to instali the extent
(a) Easy
A topology is a model of network suited for temporary rbtworks
which (b) Well
the devices are connected with the
network. The nes h (c) cabling
Less cabling
(c)Less
They are follow
are the few standard network topologios. does not affect the network.
Thev d) Failure of one device

) Bus (ii) Star Disadvantages

are dificult.
(ii) Aing (iv) Mesh Reconfiguration and
fault finding
(v) Hybrid (a)
devices.
i ) Bus topology (b) Difficult to add new

transmission in the
in trunk cable stops all
The figure given below shows the bus (c) Break
topoloou
blogy. network.
highest in the long run.
Maintenance cost may be the
(d)
ti) Star topology
Drop line below shows the structure
of star
The figure given
Terminator topology.
Trunk
Tap
cable

As shown in the above Node

figure the bus topology
connects the devices with the trunk link
by using taps. Each
end of the trunk line ends with a Hub
device caled
this. topology devices terminator Tn
are uniquely identified by network
address. Using this address
only the devices can
communicate among one another. If a
device wants to send
a
message to a destination device, it
broadcasts the
message with destination address devices are connected
Each device in the through the trunk line. Asshown in the above figure all
This acts as a
th topology checks the address of the data in to a central device called hub or switch.
the bus (trunk line). If the address matches, the controller of the topology. In this topology devices are uniquely
corresponding device receives the data else the signal identified by a network address.
travels an on the bus.
 1.10

If a device wants to send a data to another devica 1.11

sends it to the controller. The controller receives the da If a device
wants to send a data to
a another, it sends
and re-directs it to the proper address called destination the data to the adjacent device along the
ring direction. If the
destination address matches t receives the data, else, the
Advantages sianal is boosted and is sent to the next device. This
process
(a) Easy to add new devices. is repeated until the destination address is reached.
(b) Less expensive. Advantages
(c) Easy to instal and reconfigure. (a) Easy to install and reconfigure.
(d) Easy to monitor and trouble shoot. (b) Adding or removing a device is easy.
(e) Since it is having multilinks, the failure of one link does (c) The length of cable required is short.
not affect the topology. (d) Fautt finding is simple.
Diadadvantages Disadvantages
(a) More cable required. (a) If a node fails to transmit data then the entire network
(b) If the controller (hub) fails, entire network fails. fails.
(b) Since it supports one direction, there is
iRing topology of data traffic problem in the link.
a possibility
The figure given below shows the ing topology.
(iv) Mesh topology
Device 1
The figure given below shows the structure of mesh

Device 6 Device 2
topology.

Device 5 Device 3

Device4

As shown in the
above figure, each device is
connected in both direction to form
ring. a The devices are
uniquely identified by means of a network
passed along the ring in one address. Signal is
another.
direction from one device to
 112
1.13
each device is conne
As shown in
the above figure
The devices are
nec
with all other
devices in the
topology
address. f a device
nique
uni

means of a network wan

identified by
another, it
can send directly to .t
data to
to send a
destination device.
Star
Hub
Advantages
trom diferent devic.
(a) Data can be transmitted ice
simultaneously. BUs

fails, there is an alterna

(b)Ifone device in the network
communication.
path to do
(c) Expansion and modification can be carried o Ring
Ou
without affecting the network.

Disadvantages
(a) High chance of redundancy in, many connections
Advantages
(b) High cost.
(a) Fault detection and troubleshooting is easy.
(c) Set-up and maintenance is very difficult.
(b) It is easy to increase the size of the network by add-
(v) Hybrid topology ing new components with out affecting the network.

By combining more than one network () These networks can be designed according to the
hybrid topology is formed.
topology
The following figure shows the requirement of the organization using the available
star hybrid topology formed by one star, one bus and one resources.
ring topology
Disadvantages
(a) It is very difficult
design.to

(b) The hubs (connection points) used to connect two

different network are very expensive.