English For

Specific Purpose
Definition of
Need Analysis
 Group Member:
1. Amelia Putri (2011040330)

2. Anes Melia Zahrah (2011040341)

3. Indah Permata Maharani (2011040381)

4. Kamelia Nazuwa Karimah (2011040265)

 Definition of Need Analysis
Needs analysis is a Systematic process to acquire an accurate thorough

picture of the weaknesses and strengths of a school group that can be

used in response to the academic and course needs of all students for
improving student achievement and meeting challenging academic and
course standards. Process that collects and examines information about

achievement issues and then utilizes that data to determine priority goals,

to develop a plan, and to allocate funds and resources

Target Situation Analysis (TSA)
The target needs and target level performance are
established by investigating the target situation
1. Participants
2. Communication Needs Processor
3. Profile of Needs
4. The Language Skills Selector
5. The Linguistic Encoder
6. The Communicative Competence Specification
Present Situation Analysis (PSA)
The term PSA (Present Situation Analysis) was first proposed by

Richterich and Chancerel (1980). In this approach the sources of

information are the students themselves, the teaching establishment,

and the user-institution, e.g. place of work

Present situation analysis may be posited as a complement to target

situation analysis.

If target situation analysis tries to establish what the learners are

expected to be like at the end of the language course, present situation

analysis attempts to identify what they are like at the beginning of it.
 Deficiency Analysis
Deficiency analysis is the route to cover from point A (present situation)
to point B (target situation), always keeping the learning needs in mind.
Therefore, deficiency analysis can form the basis of the language

syllabus because it should provide data about both the gap between

present and target extralinguistic knowledge, mastery of general English,

language skills, and learning strategies.
 Strategy Analysis or Learning
Needs Analysis
As it is apparent from the name, this type of needs analysis has to do with the

strategies that learners employ in order to learn another language. This tries to

establish how the learners wish to learn rather than what they need to learn.
All the above-mentioned approaches to needs analysis, TSA, PSA, and to some

extent deficiency analysis, have not been concerned with the learners’ views of

learning.
 Conclusion

Need analysis is very crucial in English language teaching, especially in

ESP. By conducting need analysis, the ESP lecturer or the course
designer can get the detail designing the materials that will be given to

the learners. Need analysis helps the lecturers or the course designer
to do concept mapping in the ESP course with a clear focus.
Thanks!
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