EE 465

HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNIQUES

07 – FUTURE POWER SYSTEMS

2021-2022 / FALL

Dr. Melih GÜNERİ

 General

 What is smart grid?

Smart Grid = IT + Electric Grid

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 General

 Smart things
 Smart places are terms commonly used to refer to physical or
cyberspaces that present behavior that could be seen as
intelligent
 Smart home
 Smart lighting
 Smart agriculture, etc.
 These places are possible due to the development of the concept
of smart things, as devices with the capacity to take decisions
and perform automatic tasks, but mainly, to communicate with
other devices in a smart place

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 General

 These concepts are referred as the Internet of Things (IoT)

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 General

 «Smart Grid» refers to the concept of an electrical grid that

is able to perform many automatic and intelligent operations

Source: Wikipedia

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 General

 Traditional Power Grid

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 General

 Smart Grid

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 General

 Smart Grid targets

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 General

 Smart Grid benefits

1. Improving Power Reliability and Quality
2. Minimizing the Need to Construct Back-up Power Plants
3. Enhancing the capacity and efficiency of existing grid
4. Improving Resilience to Disruption and Being Self-Healing
5. Expanding Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources
6. Automating maintenance and operation
7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
8. Reducing oil consumption
9. Enabling transition to plug-in electric vehicles

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 General

 Smart Grid requires integrated operation of many players or

stakeholders that need to interact in an intelligent way

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 General

 To allow the development of smart grids, integration of

several technologies is important
 Energy technology
 Telecommunication technology
 Information technology
 Automation technology

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 Energy Technology

 Traditionally, electrical power systems have been

conceptualized as the joint operation of four different areas
 Generation systems
 Transmission systems
 Distribution systems
 Electricity consumers

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 Energy Technology

 The historical evolution of the electrical grid is usually

described with five different generations
 First generation – Direct current
 Second generation – Alternate current
 Third generation – Distributed generation
 Fourth generation – Flexible systems
 Fifth generation – SMART GRID

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 Energy Technology

 Current structure of electrical grids

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 Energy Technology

 Future network

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 Energy Technology

 Future network

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 Generation Systems

 Most prevalent characteristic of the evolution of the electric

power grid is the increase in renewable generation
 Main renewable energy sources
 Hydro power
 Wind power
 Solar power
 Geothermal power

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 Generation Systems

 In addition to these sources, many different generation types

are being used to connect to the grid
 Energy storage with dynamic or static inverters with stacks of
storage containers; batteries, flywheels, superconductors,
supercapacitors, compressed air, that powers a dynamic DC/AC
energy converter
 Combined heat and power (CHP) based on gas turbine, fuel
cell, etc.
 Experimetal energy source from ocean waves and currents:
tidal power, wave power, ocean current power

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 Transmission Systems

 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)

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 Energy Storage

 Energy storage Technologies

 Battery electric storage system (BESS)
 Pumped hydro-energy storage (PHES)
 Flywheel energy storage (FES)
 Hybrid flow battery (HFB) power plant
 Ultra-capacitor storage system (UCSS)
 Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
 Compressed gas energy storage (CGES)
 Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
 Gravity energy storage (GES)
 Thermal energy storage (GES)

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 Distribution Systems

 Distribution networks cover electricity infrastructure for

delivering energy from the transmission system to end-users
(customers)
 Active distribution systems are distribution networks in
which distribution system operators (DSO) can actively
control and manage distributed energy resources (DER)
 With solar panels on residential rooftops and wind turbines
integrated into industrial sites, customers are increasingly
generating electricity themselves
 «Consumers» become «Prosumers»

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 Distribution Systems

 Trends for distribution networks

 More and more similar to transmission automation
 Increased use of monitoring and automatic reclosing
 Constant movement to underground substations
 Increased use of wireless automation & telecommunication

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 Distribution Systems

 Distribution networks now and future

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 Information Systems

 Trends for information systems

 Informatics evolution (distributed systems/software)
 Distributed systems
 Service-oriented architecture
 Cloud computing
 Cybersecurity

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 Challenges

1. Active Distribution Networks

2. Massive Exchange of Information
3. Integration of HVDC/Power Electronics
4. Massive Installation of Storage
5. New Systems Operations/Controls
6. New Concepts for Protection
7. New Concepts in Planning
8. New Tools for Technical Performance
9. Increase of Underground Infrastructure
10. Need for Stakeholder Awareness
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 References

[1] Hatziargyriou N., de Siqueira I. P., Electricity Supply

Systems of the Future, Cigre Green Books (2020)

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 END

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