Key Changes at a Glance

from APA Referencing Style

6th Edition to its 7th Edition
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
 Context
Why is a need for proper citations?
1. Attribution serves as a fact-checking tool.
2. Citation makes you a better researcher.
3. A good bibliography shows off your
scientific knowledge.
4. Careful citation practices will build your
credibility as a scholar
5. Citation enables better verification of your
work.
 Objectives
1. APA Style Origin
2. Why is APA Style Needed?
3. Transitions from 1st to 7th Edition
4. Key Changes at a Glance from 6th to 7th Edition
5. Parenthetical Versus Narrative In-Text Citations
6. How to Paraphrase Sources?
7. Plagiarism Checker Tools Free of Cost
8. Other topics
– List of free Online Journals and Research Databases
– InstaBright Opportunities
 1. APA Style Origin

APA Style is originated in 1929,

when a group of psychologists,
anthropologists, and business managers
convened and sought to establish a simple
set of procedures, or style rules, that
would codify the many components of
scientific writing to increase the ease of
reading comprehension.
 1. APA Style Origin
They published their
guidelines as a seven-page
article in Psychological Bulletin
describing a “standard of
procedure, to which exceptions
would doubtless be necessary,
but to which reference might be
made in cases of doubt”
(Bentley et al., 1929).
 1. APA Style Origin

Since then, the scope and

length of the Publication Manual have
grown in response to the needs of
researchers, students, and educators
across the social and behavioral
sciences, health care, natural sciences,
humanities, and more; however, the
spirit of the original authors’
intentions remains.
2. Why is APA Style Needed?

(a) focus on the ideas

being presented rather
than formatting

(b) scan works quickly for

key points, findings, and
sources.
 2. Why is APA Style Needed?

Style guidelines
encourage authors to fully
disclose essential information
and allow readers to dispense
with minor distractions, such
as inconsistencies or omissions
in punctuation, capitalization,
in-text citations, references,
and presentation of statistics.
2. Why is APA Style Needed?

When style works

best, ideas flow logically,
sources are credited
appropriately, and papers
are organized predictably
and consistently.
 3. Transitions from 1st to
7th Edition
• The first edition of the APA Publication Manual
was published in 1952. This initial edition went
through two revisions: one in 1957, and one in
1967.
– 1974 - 2nd Edition
– 1983 - 3rd Edition
– 1994 - 4th Edition
– 2001 - 5th Edition
– 2009 - 6th Edition
• October 2019 - 7th APA Referencing Style was
introduced
 4. Key Changes at a Glance

In general,
• The APA Publication Manual includes more examples and
guidelines for citing in-text and in reference lists.
• Citation examples for online resources are now easier and
clearer.
• The manual provides 114 examples such as books and articles,
video and social media.
1. The publisher location is no longer included in reference list
entries.

APA6
Higgins, E., & George, M. (2020). Brain stimulation
therapies for clinicians (2nd ed.). Washington, DC:
American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
APA7
Higgins, E., & George, M. (2020). Brain stimulation
therapies for clinicians (2nd ed.). American Psychiatric
Association Publishing.
2. In-text citation for works with three or more authors has been shortened.
From the very first citation, only include the first author’s name and “et al.”

APA 6
(Love, Frey, & Durtschi, 2020).

APA 7
(Love et al., 2020).
 3. Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead
of 7) should be provided in the reference list.
APA 6
Lenes, E., Swank, J., Hart, K., Machado, M., Darilus, S., Ardelt, M., … Puig, A.
(2020). Color‐conscious multicultural mindfulness training in the counseling
field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 98(2), 147–158.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12309

APA 7
Lenes, E., Swank, J., Hart, K., Machado, M., Darilus, S., Ardelt, M., Smith‐Adcock,
S., Rockwood, L., & Puig, A. (2020). Color‐conscious multicultural mindfulness
training in the counseling field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 98(2),
147–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12309
 4. DOIs are formatted the same as URLs. They should begin
with https and the label 'DOI:' is no longer necessary.

APA 6
Daltry, R. (2020). Embedded therapy dog: Bringing a therapy dog into
your counseling center. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy,
34(2), 118–124. DOI:10.1080/87568225.2018.1544841
APA 7
Daltry, R. (2020). Embedded therapy dog: Bringing a therapy dog into
your counseling center. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy,
34(2), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2018.1544841
• Always use the doi if available whether the source is in print or
accessible online
5. URLs are no longer preceded by 'Retrieved from' unless a retrieval date is
needed. The website name is included (unless it’s the same as the author),
and all web page titles are italicised.

APA 6
Keen, L. (2019, October 25). LGBTQI Indigenous young people urged to
be true to who they are. Retrieved from
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-10-25/black-proud-out-and-loud-
a-community-comes-together/11632608

APA 7
Keen, L. (2019, October 25). LGBTQI Indigenous young people urged to
be true to who they are. ABC News.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-10-25/black-proud-out-and-loud-
a-community-comes-together/11632608
 6. For ebooks and articles, the format, platform, or device (e.g. Kindle) and
'Retrieved from' statements are no longer included in the reference. For ebooks,
the publisher is now included.

APA 6
Bush, S. S., Connell, M. A., & Denney, R. L. (2019). Ethical practice in
forensic psychology: A guide for mental health professionals [Kindle
version]. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
APA 7
Bush, S. S., Connell, M. A., & Denney, R. L. (2019). Ethical practice in
forensic psychology: A guide for mental health professionals.
American Psychological Association.
• If a DOI is available always add it to the end of the reference
entry.
 7. Guidelines for contributors have been updated.

Clear guidelines are provided for including contributors

other than authors and editors. For example, when citing a
podcast episode, the host of the episode should be included; for
a TV series episode, the writer and director of that episode are
cited.
 8. Online resource types have been expanded.

Dozens of examples are included for online source types

such as podcast episodes, social media posts, and YouTube
videos. The use of emojis and hashtags is also explained.
 4. Key Changes at a Glance
See the full manual through this link

– https://www.sit.ac.nz/Portals/0/upload/APA%207th%20
Edition%20Referencing%20Guide.pdf
 5. Parenthetical Versus Narrative In-Text Citations

• In parenthetical citations, the

author name and publication
date appear in parentheses.

• In narrative citations, the

author name is incorporated
into the text as part of the
sentence and the year follows
in parentheses
5. Parenthetical Versus Narrative In-Text Citations

Both the author and the date, separated by a comma, appear in

parentheses for a parenthetical citation. A parenthetical citation
can appear within or at the end of a sentence.

Example:
Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s
perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler, 2016).
5. Parenthetical Versus Narrative In-Text Citations

The author’s surname appears in running text, and the date

appears in parentheses immediately after the author’s name for
a narrative citation. The author’s name can be included in the
sentence in any place it makes sense.

Example:
Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news
coverage.
5. Parenthetical Versus Narrative In-Text Citations

In rare cases, the author and date might both appear in the
narrative. In this case, do not use parentheses.

Example:
In 2016, Koehler noted the dangers of falsely balanced news
coverage.
 6. How to Paraphrase Sources?

1. Read the passage several times to fully

understand the meaning.
2. Note down key concepts
3. Write your version of the text without
looking at the original
4. Compare your paraphrased text with the
original passage and make minor
adjustments to phrases that remain too
similar
5. Cite the source where you found the idea
 6. How to Paraphrase Sources?

Original passage
“The number of foreign and domestic tourists in the
Netherlands rose above 42 million in 2017, an increase of 9%
and the sharpest growth rate since 2006, the national statistics
office CBS reported on Wednesday” (DutchNews.nl, 2018).
 6. How to Paraphrase Sources?

Paraphrased version
According to the national statistics office, the
Netherlands experienced dramatic growth in tourist numbers in
2017. More than 42 million tourists travelled to or within the
Netherlands that year, representing a 9% increase – the steepest
in 12 years (DutchNews.nl, 2018).
 6. How to Paraphrase Sources?

Paraphrasing tips
These are four tricks you can apply to help you do so.

1. Start your first sentence at a different point from that of the

original source
2. Use synonyms (words that mean the same thing)
3. Change the sentence structure (e.g. from active to passive
voice)
4. Break the information into separate sentences
 7.Plagiarism Checker Tools Free of Cost

1. DupliChecker.com.
2. Plagiarismsoftware.net.
3. Plagiarism CheckerX.
4. PlagScan.com.
5. Plagramme.com.
6. Smallseotools.com.
7. Plagiarisma.net.
8. Quetext.com.
8.1. List of Free Online Journals
and Research Databases
1. CORE
2. ScienceOpen
3. Directory of Open Access Journals
(DOAJ)
4. Education Resources Information
Center (ERIC)
5. arXiv e-Print Archive
6. Social Science Research Network
(SSRN)
7. Public Library of Science (PLOS)
 8.1. List of Free Online Journals
and Research Databases
8. OpenDOAR
9. Bielefeld Academic Search
Engine (BASE)
10. Digital Library of the Commons
Repository
11. CIA World Factbook
12. Paperity
13. dblp Computer Science
Bibliography
14. EconBiz
15. Sciencedaily
8.1. List of Free Online Journals
and Research Databases

15. Semantic Scholar

16. Zenodo
17. PubMed
18. EThOS
19. Google Scholar
 References
Books:
• Bentley, M., Peerenboom, C. A., Hodge, F. W., Passano, E. B., Warren, H. C.,
& Washburn, M. F. (1929). Instructions in regard to preparation of
manuscript. Psychological Bulletin, 26(2), 57–63.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071487
• Skillin, M. E., & Gay, R. M. (1974). Words into type (3rd ed. rev.). Prentice
Hall.
• University of Chicago Press. (2017). Chicago manual of style (17th ed.).
 References
Internet Links:
• https://libguides.navitas.com/apa-7-transition
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style
• https://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-6th-vs-7th-edition.php
• https://falconediting.com/en/blog/6-reasons-why-citation-of-sources-is-
important-when-writing
• https://libguides.thomasu.edu/history/apa/style
• https://apastyle.apa.org/about-apa-style
• https://www.euroeducation.net/prof/greeco.htm
 Further readings
• American Psychological Association.
(2020). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th
ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
• American Psychological Association. (2020,
October). Blog. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog
 Key Changes at a Glance
from APA Referencing Style
6th Edition to its 7th Edition
LAUS DEO!
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