REHABILITATION

Rehabilitation is the act of restoring

something to its original state.
DISASTER REHABILITATION
Disaster rehabilitation means a
rehabilitation program after a disaster.

It may be considered as transitional

phase between immediate relief and
more major, long term development.
 REHABILITATION AND
RECONSTRATIONS
The final phase of disaster lead to a restoration of the pre-
disaster conditions. Rehabilitation starts from very first
moment of a disaster. In first weeks after disaster, the
pattern of health needs, will change rapidly, moving from
causality treatment to more routine primary health care.
Some of them are as follows-
• a) water supply
• b) food safety
• c) basic sanitation & personal hygiene
• d) vector control
Cont..

Water supply
First priority of ensuring water quality in emergency is
chlorination (residual chlorine about 0.2-0.5 mg/lit).

Water quality and potential contaminants have to be

identified and analyzed.
 Disinfection of water

Chlorine tablets Granular calcium Sodium hypochlorite

hypochlorite bleach

Iodine tablets Iodine Solutions Potassium permanganate

cont…..

Existing & new sources require protection like:

Restricted access to people and animals

Adequate excreta disposal at a safe distance

Prohibit washing, bathing & animal husbandry

upstream

Upgrade wells so as protected from contamination

Estimate maximum yield of wells and ration water

if necessary
Cont…….

Food safety
Every precaution taken to prevent food borne
diseases.
Personal hygiene to be monitored and maintained in
people involved in food preparation

Basic sanitation and personal hygiene

Ensure safe disposal of excreta.
Emergency latrines facilities to set in the camps
Washing, cleaning & bathing facilities to be provided
Cont…

Vector control
Intensification of vector- borne disease control
programmes during crisis situation

Special concerns for diseases like malaria,

dengue leptospirosis , plague etc.
 Organizing an effective
Disaster System
The nurse must be familiar with the
personnel at the disaster scene and their roles and
functions. A disaster scene is usually broken up into
three zones-
 Contd..

1. Disaster zone
2. Treatment zone
3. Transport zone
1.Disaster zone:

•Itis the actual location of the incident

from where patient are to be removed as
soon as possible. Majority of disaster
personnel are sent to this zone initially.
 2.Treatment zone:
Nurses spend most of their time in their
zone during a disaster, where equipment
and personnel to carry out patient care are
concentrated. Activities carried out in this
zone includes.
- Assessment of each patient
- Treatment of injuries
- Preparation for transport.
3.Transportation zone:
•It should be situated directly next to the

treatment zone so that ambulances and

other vehicles can load patient and leave
for hospitals. delivering appropriate
patient care:
Disaster Management Team
Medical Superintendent
Additional Medical Superintendent
Nursing superintendent
Chief medical officer (Casualty)
HOD’d of all the dept.s
Blood bank incharge
Security officers
Dietician
Transport officer
Sanitary personnel
 Equipments
Resuscitation equipment
IV sets and IV fluids
Disposable needles, syringes & gloves
Dressing & suturing materials and splints
Oxygen delivery devices
Suction catheter and machine
ECG monitors, defibrillators and ventilators
Cut down sets, tracheostomy sets and
lumbar puncture sets
Linens and blankets
 EQUIPMENTS IN DISASTER MANAGMENT

• Sterile adhesive bandages in assorted sizes

• 2-inch sterile gauze pads (4-6)
• 4-inch sterile gauze pads (4-6)
• Hypoallergenic adhesive tape
• Triangular bandages (3)
• 2 inch sterile roller bandages (3 rolls)
• 3inch sterile roller bandages (3 rolls)
• Scissors
• Tweezers
• Moistened towels
Cont…

• Antiseptic
• Thermometer
• Tongue blades (2)
• Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant
• Blood set for collection of blood samples
• Cleansing agent/soap
• Latex gloves (2 pair)
• Sunscreen
• face mask
 Cont…

• Medication which included antibiotics ,analgesic, anti

inflammatory
• Oxygen cylinder Airway
• management
• Basic wound care supply and splinting supply Patent
• transfer equipment
• Personal safety equipment
• Safety eye cover
• Air lifting bag
• Fire alarm system
• Lift jacket
Cont…
• Non-Prescription Drugs
• Aspirin or nonaspirin pain reliever
• Anti-diarrhea medication
• Antacid (for stomach upset)
• Syrup of Ipecac (use to induce vomiting if advised by the
Poison Control Center)
• Laxative
• Activated charcoal (use if advised by the Poison Control
Center)
Cont…

• Sanitation
• Toilet paper, towelettes*
• Soap, liquid detergent*
• Feminine supplies*
• Personal hygiene items*
• Plastic garbage bags, ties (for personal sanitation uses)
• Plastic bucket with tight lid
• Disinfectant
• Household chlorine bleach
 CHILDREN'S

• Special Items

Remember family members with special needs, such as

infants and elderly or disabled persons.
• For Baby:
• Formula
• Diapers
• Bottles
• Powdered milk
• Medications
 ADULTS

• For Adults:
• Heart and high blood pressure medication
• Insulin
• Prescription drugs
• Denture needs ( teeth realated )
• Contact lenses and supplies
• Extra eye glasses
• Entertainment: games and books.
Guidelines/Elements of disaster plans
Chain of authority
Lines of communication
Routes & modes of transport
Mobilization
Warning
Evacuation
Rescue & recovery
Triage
Treatment
Support of victims and families
Care of dead bodies
Disaster worker rehabilitation
Resources for disaster management
Administrative system
Policies, procedures and
protocols
Physical facilities
Components & equipments
Emergency/Disaster medical
systems
Staffing and training
Resources for disaster drills
Effective evaluation system