Lab # 1

Introduction to Circuits

Name:Ali Boabbas

Bench: 16

Course Name:
Circuits I (EECE 2070)

Date Submitted: 02/13/2022

Due Date:02/13/2022
 I. SUMMARY

The goal of this lab is to learn the fundamentals of circuits, including how to build different
circuits, how to deal with power supplies, how to use a digital multimeter, how to verify cables
and accessories, and an introduction to analogy discovery. Basic circuit construction, such as
connecting an LED to a power supply using a breadboard and measuring the voltage drop across
it. Different circuits can be built and their consequences observed using simulation tools such as
Multisim, microcap, and others. When the battery is connected, the LED begins to glow, and
when the battery is disconnected, the supply circuit is open, and no current flows through the
LED.

II. Equipment

The list of the equipment is mentioned below.

- 1 Breadboard
- 1 Dual Power Supply (+/12 V minimum)
- 1 DMM Bench-top
- 1 DMM Hand-held
- 1 Analog Discovery or Analog Discovery 2
- 1 Bench “Shoebox” containing cables and other test components
- Personal USB Drive (Student supplied)

The list of the components is mentioned below.

- 1 470-ohm Resistor
- 1 1k Resistor
- 1 LED (any color)
- 1 9-volt battery (provided by the TA for use during the laboratory period)
- 1 9-volt battery clip (provided by the TA for use during the laboratory period)
- Black 24-gauge wire
- Red 24-gauge wire
 III. Introduction

The fundamentals of dc circuits are investigated in this lab. Electrical circuits are formed by
joining electrical components and devices to form one or more complete paths from the positive
to negative terminals. A complete one-path basic electric circuit is illustrated by a light-emitting
diode (LED). It consists of an electrical energy source (battery or power supply), a load (the
resistor/LED combination) that converts the electrical energy into a more useful form of energy
(light), and a switch that controls the amount of energy delivered to the load.

IV. Circuit Description

1. Defining circuit:

Figure 1:LED circuit

a. In Figure 2, what part of the circuit is the load?
- The load is the part of the circuit where the LED and resistor are connected as
shown in the diagram below.

Figure 2:Load

b. In Figure 2, what part of the circuit is the source?

- The source part is a 9V battery, which supplies electrical energy to the load.
 Figure 3:Source

c. What happens to the path for current when S1 is open as shown in Figure 2?

- When the switch is open, no current flows through it due to the infinite resistance
of an open circuit.

d. What is the name given to the "picture" of a circuit such as the one shown in
Figure 4?
Answer:

- LED connected with 9V battery.

2. Constructing circuit of LED

- Build the circuit on a breadboard with a 9V battery, 470ohm resistor, wires, and
any colour LED.

Figure 4:LED Circuit

3. Power Supply

- In this section, instead of using a 9V battery, the circuit is connected to the power
supply

via banana wires to obtain electrical energy.

 Figure 5:power supply connected

4. Assembling and understanding the Hand-held Meter and Measuring Voltage and
Current.

- Measured voltages across resistor is 4.5 Volts.

- Measured voltages across LED is 5V Volts
- Measured voltages across Source is 9.5Volts

- Current measured is 13 mA.

 V. Measurement

Figure 6:MEASURED VOLTAGES

VI. Discussion
The foundation for this lab is a basic understanding of dc circuits. Then, using the LED as an
example of a complete electric circuit, various states are observed. When the switch in an LED
circuit is open, no current flows through the circuit, but when it is closed, the LED begins to
glow. The purpose of a load, then, is to convert electrical energy into the most appropriate form
of energy, such as in an LED circuit, where electrical energy is converted into light by using
LEDs. LEDs are supplied with energy via a 9V battery or power supply. The ground point in a
dc circuit is represented by the negative terminal. The current's return path is actually the ground.
Batteries are inefficient because they must be replaced after a period of time, or if they are
rechargeable, they must be recharged after a period of time. This is why power supplies were
developed; they are more efficient and do not require charging. The led circuit is powered by a
power supply, and the results are observed. The voltage and current are then measured with a
DMM. The resistor and LED probes of the DMM are connected across the resistor or LED to
measure voltages. It is connected in series with equipment to measure current. The multimeter's
range for measuring voltage is set to 10V DC, and its range for measuring current is set to 20mA.

VII. Conclusion
The LED circuit, it is concluded, aids in the comprehension of the entire electric circuit. When
the 9V battery powers the LED and the switch is open, there is no output across the LED and
resistor. When the switch is closed, the LED begins to glow because current flows through it.
The LED and resistor are used to measure voltages and current. DMM can be used to measure
voltages and currents. In this experiment, the load is an LED, which converts electrical energy
into light energy. When comparing a battery to a power supply, it is clear that the battery must be
replaced after a certain amount of time or recharged, but the power supply is more efficient.

VIII. Questions

What is “ground” connection?

Ground is in a circuit for a reference point and provides return path to the current.

What is open circuit, short circuit, and continuity check?

Open circuit means there is no current flowing in the circuit, short circuit means there is
infinite current flowing in the circuit, and continuity check means determining whether the
circuit is open circuited or not. When the circuit is open circuited, it has infinite resistance.

What is the purpose of a fuse?

The purpose of fuse is to provide overcurrent protection to the circuit.

What is the difference between Constant Voltage and Constant Current modes of
operation of a power supply?

In constant voltage mode, it will provide constant voltage to the load regardless of the
resistance value of the load connected; in constant current mode, it will provide constant
current to the load regardless of the amount of voltage dropping across the load.

7. How do Voltmeter and Ammeter act like in a circuit? (This was not covered in this
lab, however we encourage you to find this out independently).

Voltmeter is always connected in parallel to the circuit and ammeter is always connected in
the series with circuit.

IX. References:

[1] Lab Manual