1 ICE 04 - PLUMBING

BASIC PLUMBING KEYWORDS:

KEYWORDS:  Plumbing Fixture

 Fixture Unit
 Plumbing Unit
 Drainage Fixture Unit (Dfu)
 Plumbing Fixtures
 Water Supply Fixture (Wsfu)
 Plumbing Accessories
 Plumbing Appliance
 Plumbing Appurtenance PLUMBING FIXTURES
 Clearances and Roughing-in Dimensions PLUMBING FIXTURES are approved-type
 The Toilet and Bath installed receptacles, devices or appliances
 The Kitchen supplied with water or receive liquid or liquid-
 The Laundry borne wastes and discharge such wastes into
the drainage system to which they may directly
1. PLUMBING UNIT or indirectly connected. Industrial or
A Plumbing Unit is a minimum standard commercial tanks, vats and similar processing
quantity of plumbing fixtures that equipment are not plumbing fixtures, but may
discharges wastes into a plumbing be connected to or discharged into approved
installation including: traps or plumbing fixtures as provided for in
the National Plumbing Code.
 1 water meter FIXTURE UNIT is an arbitrary quantity in terms
 1 water closet of which the load-producing effects or water
 1 lavatory requirements on the plumbing system of
 1 shower head and drain for a bathtub different kinds of plumbing fixtures are
or shower stall expressed in some arbitrarily chosen scale.
 1 kitchen sink One fixture unit is equivalent to a rate of flow
 1 laundry tray at 28.3 liters per minute (1 cubic feet per
 3 floor drains minute) or (7.5 gpm).
 4 faucets or hose bibb
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU) is a
13 Total Plumbing Fixtures
numerical weighing factor to account for the
probable discharge into the plumbing drainage
system by various types of plumbing fixtures,
2. UNDERSTANDING PLUMBING FIXTURES
using the single lavatory as equivalent to 1
DFU.
 Water Closet
 Lavatory WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT (WSFU) is a
 Shower / Bathtub numerical weighing factor to account for the
 Kitchen Sink water demand of various plumbing fixtures,
 Bidet using the lavatory for private use as equivalent
 Urinal to 1 WSFU.
 Slop Sink What are the common types of Plumbing
 Laundry Tub Fixtures?
 Scrub Sink
 Drinking Fountain  Plumbing Fixtures, put in simpler term, are
receptacles or receivers attached to the
plumbing system other than a trap in which

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water or waste may be collected or 1. Siphon Washdown

retained for ultimate discharge into the It is the least expensive but the noisiest;
plumbing treatment facility and point of only small amount of standing water,
discharge. susceptible to fouling, staining &
 Their common types are: contamination.
1. Water Closet
2. Lavatory 2. Siphon Jet
3. Bathtub /Shower Stall The jet being submerged, introduces water
4. Kitchen Sink underwater so that its operation is entirely
5. Bidet muffled. It has a large amount of standing
6. Urinal water to prevent fouling.

3. Siphon Vortex
WATER CLOSET This type of bowl develops its flushing
 Water Closet is a plumbing fixture used to action through the water entering the
receive human excrement & to discharge it diagonal holes around the rim which
through a waste pipe, using water as a creates a swirling action which forms a
conveying medium. vortex in the center.

 Water Closets are classified according to: 4. Reverse Trap

1. Design The trap way located at the rear
2. Make eliminated the bulge at the front. The
3. Flushing Mechanism Used design of the bowl plus its large water area
4. Shape & quietness in operation, makes it
5. Installation desirable than the siphon washdown.

 Parts of a Water Closet:  What are the type of water closets as to

a. Tank Cover Make?
b. Water Tank 1. One-Piece
c. Supply Valve 2. Close Coupled
d. Discharging Valve 3. Pail Flush
e. Rim 4. Squat bowl
f. Angle Valve
g. Flexible Hose 1. One-Piece Water Closet
h. Waste Outlet The water closet fixture is manufactured
i. Floor Flange with the bowl & the flush tank molded into
j. Trapway a single unit.
k. Pedestal
2. Close Coupled Water Closet
A water closet wherein the flush tank is
separate but is attached to the toilet bowl.
 What are the types of water closet as to
It is a two-piece model.
Design?
1. Siphon Washdown
3. Pail Flush Water Closet
2. Siphon Jet
A water closet comprising only of a bowl
3. Siphon Vortex
without a flush tank. Flushing action is
4. Reverse Trap

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obtained only through water poured from Section 401

a pail or bucket. This is used in areas
Water closet bowls for public use shall be the
where running water system is not
elongated bowl types equipped with open-
available.
front seats.
4. Squat Bowl Water Closet
A water closet that is otherwise known as
“eastern type” water closet since the user  What are the types of water closet as to
assumes a squatting position rather than a installation?
sitting position. 1. Free Standing or Floor Mounted
2. Wall Hung or Wall Mounted
 What are the types of water closets as to
Flushing Mechanism Used? WATER CLOSET
1. Flush Tank
2. Flushometer Valve DRAINAGE

MINIMUM DRAINAGE
TRAP & FIXTURE
1. Flush Tank FIXTURE
TRAP ARM UNIT
It holds a supply of water for flushing the SIZE (mm) (DFU)
water closet. It flushes 3 to 6 liters. WATER
CLOSET,*
76 mm 4 DFU
2. Flushometer Valve PRIVATE
It is a valve designed to supply a fixed INSTALLATION
quantity of water for flushing purposes. It WATER
is activated by direct water pressure CLOSET,
76 mm 6 DFU
without the use of a flush tank. It requires PUBLIC
INSTALLATION
a flow pressure of 69 to 138 kPa (10 to 20
psi).
WATER SUPPLY

 What are the types of water closets as to WATER WATER

Shape? SUPPLY SUPPLY
FIXTURE FIXTURE
1. Round Front
FIXTURE UNIT UNIT
2. Elongated Front
(WSFU): (WSFU):
PRIVATE PUBLIC
USE USE
1. Round Front WC WATER CLOSET
3 WSFU 5 WSFU
It is intended for installation on a limited (FLUSH TANK)
space. WATER CLOSET
(ECONOMICAL 2.5 WSFU 4 WSFU
2. Elongated Front FLUSH)
It is more comfortable but occupies a larger WATER CLOSET
space. Water closet bowls for public use (FLUSHOMETER 6 WSFU 10 WSFU
shall be the elongated type. VALVE) 25 mm

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Water closets shall be computed as 6 DFU PRIVATE PUBLIC

when determining septic tank size. USE USE
LAVATORY 1 WSFU 2 WSFU
*Drainage Fixture Unit (DFU) and Water
Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) – is a numerical BATHTUB
weighing factor to account for the sewage flow
or water demand of various plumbing fixtures,  A Bathtub is a tub for bathing, usually a
using the lavatory (for private use) as 1 DFU or fixed plumbing installation designed for 1
1 WSFU. It is just an index number meant to person. It is available in left outlet and
put all fixtures on a common basis. right outlet.

LAVATORY
SHOWER BATH
 A Lavatory is a fixture designed for the
 A Shower Bath is an apparatus for spraying
washing of the hands or face. It is also
water on the body, usually from above.
known as a Wash Basin.
Drain is through the shower bath floor
 The 4 types of Lavatory are:
drain.
1. Wall Hung Lavatory
2. Pedestal Lavatory  SHOWER COMPARTMENT - Sec. 409.4
3. Counter Type Lavatory All shower compartments, regardless of
a. Overcounter or Counter top shape, shall have a minimum finished
b. Undercounter interior area of 0.6 square meter, and shall
4. One-piece Lavatory also be capable of encompassing a 762 mm
WASH BASIN/LAVATORY diameter circle. The minimum area and
dimension shall be maintained from a
DRAINAGE point above the shower drain outlet to a
height of 1.78 meters with no protrusions
MINIMUM
DRAINAGE other than the fixture valve or valves,
TRAP &
FIXTURE FIXTURE shower head and safety grab bars or rails.
TRAP ARM
UNIT (DFU)
SIZE (mm)
WASH BATHTUB/SHOWER
BASIN
32 mm 1 DFU DRAINAGE
(LAVATORY)
SINGLE
WASH MINIMUM DRAINAGE
BASIN, 38 mm 2 DFU TRAP & FIXTURE
FIXTURE
IN SETS TRAP ARM UNIT (DFU)
SIZE (mm)
BATHTUBS 38 mm 2 DFU
WATER SUPPLY SHOWER,
SINGLE 51 mm 2 DFU
WATER WATER STALL
SUPPLY SUPPLY SHOWER,
FIXTURE FIXTURE FIXTURE gang
UNIT UNIT 51 mm 2 DFU
(1 unit per
(WSFU): (WSFU): head)

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WATER SUPPLY WATER SUPPLY

WATER WATER WATER WATER

SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY
FIXTURE FIXTURE FIXTURE FIXTURE
FIXTURE UNIT UNIT FIXTURE UNIT UNIT
(WSFU): (WSFU): (WSFU): (WSFU):
PRIVATE PUBLIC PRIVATE PUBLIC
USE USE USE USE
BATHTUB SINK,
2 WSFU 4 WSFU
(With or Residential
2 WSFU 4 WSFU
Without SINK, bar,
1 WSFU 2 WSFU
Shower) private
SHOWER HOSE BIBB 3 WSFU 5 WSFU
2 WSFU 4 WSFU
(each head)

KITCHEN SINK
 A Kitchen Sink is a plumbing fixture
consisting of a basin with a water supply,
connected with a drain & used for
dishwashing.
 Types:
1. Double Bowl – Single Drain
2. Double Bowl – Double Drain
3. Single Bowl – Single Drain
4. Corner Sink
5. Triple Bowl
BIDET
 A Bidet is a plumbing fixture used for
washing the middle part of the body,
especially the genitals. It is also known as
Sitz Bath.
 Bidet is used in tandem with the one-piece
water closet or in integrated with the close
coupled water closet.
BIDET
DRAINAGE

MINIMUM
DRAINAGE
TRAP &
KITCHEN SINK/SINK FIXTURE FIXTURE
TRAP ARM
UNIT (DFU)
SIZE (mm)
DRAINAGE
BIDET 38 mm 2 DFU
MINIMUM
DRAINAGE
TRAP & WATER SUPPLY
FIXTURE FIXTURE
TRAP ARM
UNIT (DFU)
SIZE (mm) WATER WATER
SINK, SUPPLY SUPPLY
Residential 38 mm 2 DFU FIXTURE FIXTURE
UNIT UNIT
SINK, bar, FIXTURE (WSFU): (WSFU):
38 mm 1 DFU
private PRIVATE PUBLIC
SINK, USE USE
service
51 mm 3 DFU
or mop
basin BIDET 2 WSFU 4 WSFU

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URINALS LAUNDRY TUB

 A Urinal is a plumbing fixture equipped  A deep wide sink used for washing clothes.
with a water supply and drain for flushing
away urine.
SCRUB SINK
 The types of Urinals are:
1. Wall Hung Urinal  A Scrub Sink is a plumbing fixture usually
located in the O.R. in a hospital to enable
2. Pedestal Urinal
personnel to scrub their hands prior to a
3. Stall Urinal
surgical procedure. The Hot & Cold water
4. Trough Urinal
supply is activated by a knee – action
mixing valve or by wrist or pedal control
URINAL or by automatic sensors.

DRAINAGE

MINIMUM DRINKING FOUNTAIN

DRAINAGE
TRAP &
FIXTURE FIXTURE  A Drinking Fountain is a plumbing fixture
TRAP ARM
UNIT (DFU) consisting of a shallow basin, together with
SIZE (mm)
URINAL, a water jet, designed to provide potable
wall water for human consumption.
mounted,
washdown
or 51 mm 2 DFU FLOOR DRAINS
siphon jet,
integral trap,  409.1
trap arm Floor drains shall be considered plumbing
only fixtures.

WATER SUPPLY
SHOWER RECEPTORS
WATER WATER
SUPPLY SUPPLY  409.2
FIXTURE FIXTURE Shower receptors are plumbing fixtures.
UNIT UNIT  409.3
FIXTURE (WSFU): (WSFU): Each shower receptor shall be an
PRIVATE PUBLIC approved type and be constructed to have
USE USE a finish dam, curb or threshold which is at
least 25.4 mm lower than the outside floor
URINAL (wall) ------------- 5 WSFU at the sides and back of such receptor. In
no case shall any dam or threshold be less
than 51 mm nor more than 228 mm in
SLOP SINK depth when measured from the top of the
dam or threshold to the drain. The finished
 A deep sink, set low & used by janitors for floor of the receptor shall slope uniformly
emptying pails of dirty water & mop from the sides towards the drain not less
cleaning. than 2% or 20mm/m or more than 4% or

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40mm/m. Thresholds shall be of sufficient

width to accommodate a minimum
559mm wide door.

OTHER TYPES OF PLUMBING FIXTURES

DRAINAGE WATER SUPPLY
WATER WATER
MINIMUM
DRAINAGE SUPPLY SUPPLY
TRAP &
FIXTURE FIXTURE FIXTURE FIXTURE
TRAP ARM
UNIT (DFU) FIXTURE UNIT UNIT
SIZE (mm)
(WSFU): (WSFU):
SLOP SINK 51 mm 3 DFU PRIVATE PUBLIC
LAUNDRY USE USE
TUB 38 mm 2 DFU LAUNDRY TUB 2 WSFU 4 WSFU
or CLOTHES
SCRUB SINK 38 mm 3 DFU WASHER (each
DRINKING pair of faucets)
FOUNTAIN 31 mm 2 DFU
DRINKING 1 WSFU 2 WSFU
FLOOR FOUNTAIN
51 mm 2 DFU (each faucet)
DRAIN

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 PLUMBING ACCESSORIES
 PLUMBING APPLIANCES
 PLUMBING APPURTENANCES
 CLEARANCES AND ROUGHING-IN
DIMENSIONS
PLUMBING ACCESSORIES
1. Soap Holder
2. Paper Holder
3. Toothbrush and tumbler holder
4. Towel Holder/Towel Bar
5. Seat Cover
PLUMBING APPLIANCE
 Any one of a special class of device or
equipment intended to perform a special
plumbing function.
 Its operation and/or control may be
dependent upon one or more energized
components, such as motors, controls,
heating elements and pressure-
temperature-sensing elements.
 Example: Pumps and Water Heaters
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE
 A manufactured device or a fabricated
assembly or an on-the-job assembly of
component parts, and serves as adjunct to
the basic piping system and plumbing
fixtures.
 An appurtenance demands no additional
water supply nor does it add any discharge
load to a fixture or the drainage system.
 Examples: Pipe Hanger and Mounting
Frame for Wall Hung Water Closet
PLUMBING FIXTURES: CLEARANCES and
ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS
WATER CLOSET
 Clearances are minimum distances of
fixtures for human safety and comfort.
 219.9 - ROUGHING-IN – the installation of
all pipings and fitting parts of the
plumbing system, which can be completed
prior to the installation of fixtures and
accessories. These include sanitary and
storm drainage, tap, hot and chilled water
supplies, gas pipings, vent pipings and the
necessary fixture supports.
UNDERSTANDING THE TOILET & BATH, THE
KITCHEN AND THE LAUNDRY
1. TOILET AND BATH
 DESCRIPTION: The space in the house
where the daily personal sanitary and
hygienic practices of the occupants are
undertaking. These may include the
movement of bowels, taking a bath or
shower, washing of face and brushing
of teeth.
 AREA REQUIREMENT: The minimum
toilet and bath size and dimension is
1.20 square meters with the least
dimension of 900 millimeters.
(National building Code of the
Philippines, 2005)
 WINDOW OPENING: Toilet and bath
and similar rooms shall be provided
with windows with an area not less
than 1/20 (5%) of the floor area of
such room, provided that such
opening shall not be less than 240
square millimeters. Such window or
windows shall open directly to a
court, yard, public street or alley, or
open watercourse. (National Building
Code of the Philippines, 2005)
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 PRINCIPLE No. 16 – No water closet
shall be located in a room or
compartment which is not properly
lighted or ventilated. National
Plumbing Code of the Philippines,
1999)
CONTENTS OF THE TOILET AND BOWL
 Some of plumbing fixtures:
a. Water Closet
b. Lavatory
c. Shower/Bathtub and Drain
d. Floor Drain
e. Bidet (Optional)
f. Urinal
 PLUMBING FITTINGS. A plumbing
fitting is used in pipe plumbing
systems to connect straight pipes to
adapt to different sizes or shapes, and
for other purposes, such as regulating
or measuring water flow.
 Fittings for water supply:
a. Lavatory Faucet
b. Water Closet Flushing Mechanism
c. Shower Head and Valve Assembly
 Fittings for drainage:
a. Lavatory (Swivel Type) P-Trap
b. Floor Drain and P-Trap
c. Shower Floor Drain/Bathtub Drain
d. Watercloset Flange
 Plumbing Appliance
a. Heater
b. Exhaust Fan
2. KITCHEN
 DESCRIPTION. The kitchen is part of the
house where the preparation and cooking
of food are done.
 AREA REQUIREMENT: The minimum
kitchen size and dimension is 3.00 square
meters with a least dimension of 1.50
meters.
 WINDOW OPENING: Rooms intended for
any use, not provided with artificial
ventilation system, shall be provide with a
window or windows with a total free area
of openings equal to at least 10% of the
floor area of the room provided that such
opening shall not be less than 1.00 square
meter.
CONTENTS OF THE KITCHEN
 Plumbing Fixture:
a. Kitchen Sink
b. Floor Drain
 Plumbing Fittings For Water Supply:
a. Kitchen Sink Faucet
 Plumbing Fittings For Drainage:
a. Kitchen Sink P-Trap
b. Floor Drain P-Trap
c. Grease Trap (Optional)
 Plumbing Appliance:
a. Water Heater (Optional)
3. LAUNDRY
 DESCRIPTION: The LAUNDRY is the area
allocated in the house where washing of
clothes are done. In the Philippine setting,
the laundry area is often in the exterior
part of the house that form part of the
service area, along with the “dirty” kitchen.
Laundry may be done by hand or by the
use of the washing machine or both.
 AREA REQUIREMENT: The National
Building Code of the Philippines does not
state the minimum area for a laundry.
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 WINDOW OPENING: If the laundry area is joints and connections; devices,

confined in a room, the window opening
shall be at least 5% of the floor area of the
room but not less than 240 square
millimeters. Such window/s shall open
directly to a court, yard, public street or
alley, or open watercourse.
receptacles, and appurtenances within the
property; water lines in the premises;
potable, tap, hot and chilled water pipings;
potable water treating or using
equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters
and vents for same.

CONTENTS OF THE LAUNDRY

 PLUMBING FIXTURE and FITTINGS:

a. Laundry Tub
b. Hose Bibb
c. Floor Drain
d. Lint and Grit Trap

OTHER KEYWORDS:
A. PLUMBING
B. PLUMBING SYSTEM
C. MASTER PLUMBER
D. PLUMBING FIRM
E. PLUMBING OFFICIAL
F. PLUMBING CODE
C. MASTER PLUMBER

A. PLUMBING A person technically and legally qualified

The art and technique of installing pipes,
fixtures and other apparatuses in
buildings for bringing in the supply,
liquids, substances and/or ingredients and
removing them; and such water, liquid and
other carried wastes hazardous to health,
sanitation, life, property; also the pipes
and fixtures after installations i.e., the
plumbing system.
and licensed to practice the profession of
Master Plumbing without limitations in
accordance with Republic Act 1378, having
passed the examinations conducted by the
Professional Regulation Commission, has
received a Certificate of Registration from
the Board of Master Plumbing and
possesses the current license to practice.
D. PLUMBING FIRM

B. PLUMBING SYSTEM A sole proprietorship or corporation

composed of Registered and Licensed
Includes all potable water supply and Master Plumbers together with allied
distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures professionals, with the Master Plumbers
and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage composing the majority of the
systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders membership, incorporators, directors
and downspouts; and all building drains and/or executive officers.
and sewers, including their respective E. PLUMBING OFFICIAL

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The Administrative Authority or the officer

charged with the administration and
enforcement of the National Plumbing
Code, or his regularly authorized deputy.

F. PLUMBING CODE

National Plumbing Code – governs the

practice of plumbing in the Philippines, the
design, installation and use of plumbing
fixtures and materials in buildings and
infrastructure projects where such
fixtures and materials are necessary.

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