“TTD fOQuKs penp osm ge on Ly UF eaTe psySIeY Sy) ULSIOE PULL = fof =F He WS-28 W999 poquts jenp asm yg andy ut wear poyouy vopd PUL LS fel = Fp “OSS WSIS DEANS WS ANS Sloqds jenp sumbar soury 457 p OF ¢ MA SpUES, Dd WOES DO-MO WO soquulsjenp arbor ouyy %% ZE-or EYL SOARED. td 1OpO UVLO pu TO] Ul Yep USTeM ouPTIO A[LIU LI sijos aqueino AH peup rou uu pinbry 2u02 HO g's suniyy aes gy) > ay OW ID Ho Panp asao— my PINDET ome gg ag piney HW (eg aun wi sdupo pun ss HD (eg amity) ou omennon] 2088 002 ON sassnd 9100 10% 9 auto2 “10 He's SINT Ly 998 161") > suehig, os wey sos pompuBom 10 pup usow ys sop aquiy probe 4 alg g unig) au, W, M0]9q SHOU 10 > Jef auuefiouy sip pun sya 1 (Eg AINTLY) UT, 2AOgE 10 UO stold pur L < Jef " ATS as {eg ang) ou, y.,2seqe so uo stord paw L < Jef SPU ZL HEY O40 Pon sassid WS (egouity mopay sto[dl 10 p > Jet SOUL] YM Spas worse] asin03 ds £< DIT > Dp soypueg> “9 SOU Nag URYT SSI] Jo 210 10 90S oaas AS £595 [purge"9 Spurg une Sp GOT ON WO pout ad nals 4610S WIL 20,4, a9 (esamaadon. yang ro no ord gus < Id SPU TEEN AION sox uo pautmat S08 pauyead-asmwo7) WO (es oan) out, ¥.MO[>q Od 30 > fel SOUL TUMSPAEID — Gononiy aspen JO do £< DIO | > Dp lope p> we) SOUL] OGG WEY] SSI" OG UY a1044 Mo e595 reps" sppanig UES spans) poqunds spoqur ds dos Suyustyssn sop mays) dno (anor unu-7'9, Sunsseg [UOTE UO pose) WoIsts UOHEIHISSEL) [OS PILL Z"g GELBee es Plasticity index Cd im Figure 5.3 Plasticity chart Other symbols used for the classification are = W-—well graded Percent of gravel—that is, the fraction passing the 76.2-mm sieve and retained on the No.4 sieve (4.75-mm opening) Percent of sand—that is, the fraction passing the No. 4 sicve (4.75-mm opening) and retained on the No. 200 sieve (0.075-mm opening) Percent of silt and clay—that is, the fraction finer than the No. 200 sieve (0.075-mm opening) Uniformity coefficient (C,) and the coefficient of gradation (C.) Liquid limit and plasticity index of the portion of soil passing the No. 40 sieve The group symbols for coarse-grained gravelly soils are GW, GP, GM, GC, GC- GM, GW-GM, GW-GC, GP-GM, and GP-GC. Similarly, the group symbols for fine- grained soils are CL, ML, OL, CH, MH, OH, CL-ML, and Pt. More recently, ASTM designation D-2487 created an claborate system to assign group names to soils. These names are summarized in Figures 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6. In using these figures, one needs to remember that, in a given soil, Fine fraction = percent passing No. 200 sieve = percent retained on No. 200 sieve = percent retained on No. 4 sieve Sand fraction — (percent retained on No. 200 sieve) ~ (percent retained on No. 4sicve)—— Well-graded gravel ——* Woll-graded gravel with silt and sand > Woll-graded gravel with clay (or silty clay) > Woll-graded gravel with clay and sand (or silty clay and sand —— Poorly graded gravel with silt > Poorly graded gravel with silt and sand —— Poorly graded gravel with clay (or silty clay) —— Poorly graded gravel with clay and sand (or silty clay and sand) —— Silty gravel —— Silty gravel with sand —— Clayey gravel > Clayey gravel with sand —— Silty clayey gravel —— Silty clayey gravel with sand + Well-graded sand > Well-graded sand with gravel —— Poorly graded sand ——— Poorly graded sand with gravel ——* Well-graded sand with silt + Well-graded sand with sift and gravel > Well-graded sand with clay (or silty clay) —— Well-graded sand with clay and gravel (or silty clay and gravel) + Poorly geadad cand with silt —— Poorly graded sand with silt. and gravel —— Poorly graded sand with clay (oe silty clay) —— Poorly graded sand with clay and gravel (or silty clay and gravel) —— Silty sand + Silty sand with geavel ——» Clayey sand —— Clayey sand with gravel —— Silty clayey sand ——+ Silty clayey sand with gravel Figure 5.4 Flowchart group names for gravelly and sandy soil (Source: From “Anaual Book of ASTM Standards. 04.08, 2014." Copyright ASTM INTERNATIONAL. Reprinted with permission.)(Caorssrniod shim poruarding “proc “TYNOLLYNYALNT SY BMC). 80'r0 SPEEPUTIS INLSY JO AO fem... toss 224MeS) s[tos KaXe[ Pu AUIS 9IETIOUT Jy soureu dnoss yreYDMOL S°s e4NBi4 rou ws esantgsns nto — (sc0 > BABES?) canto feu [urs wala as onsuya Sjoneary < pues ayg1= {Us onsey> Aqjaneay < pus 9g¢1 > 1 joams8 a5 > purs.2, 07 oN 148 IS ONSM|D Spung = jarwT agc1 = > sa 25082 omy os=77 ore as one <_fonma a5 > ps 5 HW <——— serdta AUS SHseTy <——_ Pans ay = pues ay 00 “ON smd 2567-1 (007 ON “on sad 3551> sod 06> yeanagy < pues 2551 = Seo joamigy < pues agg1> 2 janmsd a > pus 95, 007 ON r (puny < yam ancy = “> sa as08= omy Pte Kpues ———_— Janna g1> <—— oan a =< pues 5 saoge 10 HQ <—— wo sotdta pues yam Avq> aq <———_ Jaana ay = purs 25 007 “ON smd 2567-1 007 ON pe meg 00g 0 sm apg > So a0 > poup 19x17 g's amity 295 <1 —(seo> aaa) ru Das ua. as Kypsseagy < pares p51 [ONE = pues sug1> <= fants ap > pues 35 002 "oN poms <——— meifss “> ae a0 oury <———__ rest g1> pam 4 = pues 95, mopg stoyd <— parse gy > pars 35 aw <= 14 = amit 35 = pas 35 = oc -on smd 260-51 0c oN os>77 $$$ 00 on ste 551 = smd 50> 0 °N oary “> se 082 ‘snoge 10 7 wo spd poe <—__ pans8 9g > purs 3 WT <«—l=MsF opeooy << pana 95 = purs 5 = aoc en smd 560-51 0c "oN ont) < pus 5512 jones) <____— pures agg1> = pants 25 > pues 35 0 °N oury Spueg <—— yone gg 1 = “sa 08 = ‘anoge ta] Apes [pana pg] > <—— fan p= pos 3h 20 80 sf | WE] <—— awa a5 > purs 25 1a <—— puee weary <—— Jaana 95 = purs a <—— gc -on smd a567-c1 0c ON ‘pio weary <0 ‘on smd ag¢1> = smd asog>(Cuowsmued que powdoy ‘p10 TWNOLLWNUALLNI WLS ¥ Wiuddo> ,-gtt0 ‘sprepuers INLSW 10 JooR fenuuy,, wor -22une5) syios AaXE[D pue AIS 2uvFI0 10] soweu dnows ueyMoyy gg aunGiy Pues YrEM pis ItuRI KT}aner) <——$§ puws a6] = {ys aqunize Cyjacary <———— pus 95] > =— Pana ay > pues 2 uv [xe qn Es atmo Spurs = paawal agg) = 2 on en sd r= MOP S101 ans neB10 kpues <—————janes® 61> =< Parity, = pues ay Faasd quia ys onmeSup <——— aaerd 4 > pues 9 > (pues pias a[rs SeueyEy < anes a, = pues 4 D0T “ON smd 9567-51 as se 899) =< guz-ong snyd.g351 > <= 00g oN sod a0 > HO. ‘pues yum Anjo ayuniiao (jens) puns a5] = pam Sy pet goes auy-y aang [pews gus tp sso pues Basil 1 [one en se soe 40 WO 101g, ‘Anja aqundio {pues <———— panes 995] > Paral 9% = purs ay [paws yum Aja ona <—— Janus 4 > pues 4 1 ‘pus tpi defo oreesingy «———— yanmad 35 = pores 4, Sees 30-51 Xe] oaue1¢y ‘oy snyd agp > 007 “ON suid 60> pues Es yps stumitao 2 jaamit 4 5 puns 3, uy -y op [pawsd quia ais omuaiso Apurg <———awal a5 1 “ene ON sod a50r= sid 10 > fet ™ tg ony sid 51> 2 0c “ON smd > 10 [pues yas Appa aqundvo 4] janes «pus 51 ou-¥ rE Ap aon Sane9p «pers ygi> ¢———~ raveal > pus 95 Pp es. os ae Spars < pass 1= [one on smd se siond pe p= hat ojo squnitio Pant % = puns % Paesd ype Avo seuedagy <——— jaan 5 > pues 45 ‘pues yin Koja aeeag, < aaa 45 = pues 9, ———~ ggg on apd 467-5 $A IQ) A$ A$m$m ia ia$j maij$ a iz on syd %S1> ——— 0c ON sed aoe> auureu dnoasy roquiss dass)